Requirements Of SNI Research Articles

Study of bolon house structure as a traditional Batak Toba house on earthquake force

Traditional Batak house is believed to be earthquake-resistant. Hence, the layout of the structure, the frame concept and also the earthquake force is calculated based on SNI 7973: 2013, namely regulations on design specifications for wood construction and SNI 03-1726-2012 regarding earthquake resistance planning procedures for building and non-building structures, especially the natural frequency ω of house, period T of house, floor displacement and shear forces V that occur. The traditional Batak house building was built long before the SNI 7973: 2013 and SNI 03-1726-2012 regulations existed. The traditional Batak Toba house studied was located in the village of Siallagan “Batu Parsidangan, Huta Siallagan”. According to mechanical properties of wood, the traditional Batak house has fulfilled the wood specifications based on SNI 7973: 2013 and the structural concepts have met the requirements of SNI 03-1726-2012. Calculation or analysis on the resilience of traditional Batak Toba houses against earthquake forces are carried out using software. It is found that the natural frequency ω is 12.697 rad/sec and period of the structure T is0.494 seconds. The shear forcesthat occurs due to the earthquake force V is 28.87 kN, the maximum floordisplacement from the traditional Batak Toba house is taken from the highest point, which is 4.01 cm.

PEMBUATAN KERTAS RAMAH LINGKUNGAN KOMBINASI LIMBAH AMPAS TAHU DAN LIMBAH KULIT PISANG KEPOK DENGAN METODE PEMISAHAN ALKALISASI

Tofu dregs waste contains 30.4% cellulose content, while kepok banana peel has high cellulose content (60-65%), hemicellulose 6-8%, and lignin 5-10%. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of making natural paper from tofu dregs waste and kepok banana peel waste as an alternative raw material for wood substitutes and to find out the characteristics of natural paper produced from tofu waste fiber and kepok banana peel waste based on SNI 287:2010 (including test water content) and SNI 6588-1:2010 (including pH acidity test). Based on the results of research that has been carried out, the optimum composition in making paper from tofu dregs and kepok banana peels is 50:50% variation. The temperature and time of heating and the optimum concentration of sodium hydroxide solution was 120 oC for 90 minutes with sodium hydroxide solution concentration of 10.0%, pulp content of 46.45%, cellulose content of 53.3%, and lignin content of 46.67%. All levels obtained have met the requirements of SNI. Based on the FT-IR spectrum analysis, tofu dregs and kepok banana peels are suitable for use as raw materials for making paper because they contain cellulose. Based on the SEM analysis, the morphological surface structure, the tighter the fiber bonds, this proves that the diameter of the resulting fiber is very small, because the smaller the fiber diameter, the better the mechanical properties.

PENGARUH SUMBER TANNIN TERHADAP KADAR PROTEIN DAN DAYA SIMPAN TELUR PINDANG

Backgroung : Pindang eggs are traditional egg-processed products using tanneries that will denaturing the egg proteins. Guava leaves, tea pulps, shallot skin and onion skin are comionly used for making pindang eggs as they contain tannin.Objective : This study aimed to analyze the effect of tannin sources on protein content and shelf life of pindang eggs.Method : This study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) design to examine the difference between tannin using guava leaves, shallot skin, tea pulp, bombay onion skin with 6 times of repetition. Protein content on pindang eggs processed with onion, guava leaves, tea pulp, and onion skins were 13,0%, 12,95%, 12,90%, and 12,80% respectively.Result : There was a significant effect of the addition of tannin sources on the levels of pindang egg protein (p = 0.000, α = 5%). Pindang eggs have an average shelf life of 20 days. On the 30th day, almost all of pindang eggs with 4 types of tanneries has deteriorated while the microbiological tests of all pindang eggs on the 20th day of bacteria have exceeded SNI requirements. There is a real effect of the decay of each tannin source on the storage time of pindang eggs (p = 0.000, α = 5%). There is an influence from the tannin sources from guava leaver, tea pulp, shallot skin, onion skin on egg protein content. The best treatment was found in shallots with a percentage of protein content reached 13.00%.Conclusion : There is an influence from the source of tannin, guava leaves, tea pulp, shallot skin, onion skin to the durability of pindang eggs. The best treatment for 30 days is found in tea grounds and onion skin while in microbial studies all pindang eggs have exceeded SNI requirements

Pemberdayaan Kelompok Setia Kawan dalam Produksi Garam Beryodium di Desa Labuhan Bajo, Sumbawa

Labuhan Bajo Village is one of the villages designated as a center for the development of community salt in Sumbawa Regency. Problem related to salt encountered in Labuhan Bajo Village is the low income of the salt farmers group, there is still need to increase the quality and quantity of salt production and the absence of iodized salt production. The other problem is related to iodine deficiency (IDD), such as the stunting case, which is need to be handled immediately, considering that Labuhan Bajo Village is one of the villages in Utan Subdistrict which has a high stunted prevalence (22.1%). Therefore this service is expected to be a solution for the availability of iodized salt production in Sumbawa, especially in Labuhan Bajo Village while contributing to stunted prevention. The aim of this service activity is to assist Setia Kawan group in increasing the quantity and quality of salt to KW 1 and producing iodized salt that meets SNI requirements. The method for carrying out this community service activity includes counseling, training, assistance in procurement of equipment and assistance. The results of this activity are the availability of salt processing technology using the TUF + Iodization method, increasing the amount of salt production by the Setia Kawan Group, the availability of KW 1 salt and iodized, increasing the income of the Setia Kawan group, increasing the marketing network and increasing the knowledge and skills of salt farmers in applying TUF + Iodization method.

Characterization Evaluation of Clove Flower Oil (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Meer) And Pharmacological Properties Of Anthelmintic

Clove oil is distilled from clove flowers (Syzigium aromaticum) and characterized by physical properties and GC-MS. Distillation was carried out by steam distillation method for 8 hours. Analysis of clove oil was carried out by GC-MS method. The distillation results obtained 163 mL of clove oil with physical properties that meet the requirements of SNI 06-4267-1996. The results of the analysis using GC-MS showed that clove oil contained 6 components, namely, Eugenol 88.20%, Alpha Copaene 0.49%, Caryophyllene 3.77%, Alpha Humulene 0.48%, Eugenyl acetate 6.76%, and Caryophyllene Oxide 0.30%. Another fact shows that clove flower oil has anthelmintic activity.

Analisis Pengawet Natrium Benzoat pada Selai Stroberi Curah di Pasar Tradisional

Natrium benzoat merupakan pengawet buatan yang berfungsi untuk membuat makanan menjadi tahan lama. Batas maksimum penggunaan pengawet natrium benzoat pada selai buah menurut SNI 01-0222-1995 sebesar 1 g/kg. Selai stroberi yang berada dipasaran dimungkinkan menggunakan pengawet natrium benzoat yang melebihi batas baku mutu sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis. Penentuan kadar pengawet natrium benzoat dalam selai stroberi sesuai SNI 01-2894-1992 menggunakan metode alkalimetri. Prinsip metode ini adalah terjadinya reaksi netralisasi antara asam dengan basa, dimana ion H+ dari asam akan bereaksi dengan ion OH- dari basa membentuk garam yang netral. Filtrat hasil dari ekstraksi sampel stroberi diuapkan di atas penangas air dan residu yang didapatkan dikeringkan dalam desikator. Residu dilarutkan dalam etanol 70 % netral dan ditambahkan dengan larutan indikator PP 1%. Larutan kemudian dititrasi dengan larutan standar NaOH. Titik akhir titrasi ditandai dengan warna merah muda yang konstan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 10 sampel selai stroberi curah yang dijual di beberapa pasar tradisional Kecamatan Jebres Surakarta, dimana 8 sampel tersebut positif mengandung natrium benzoat. Kadar pengawet natrium benzoat pada sampel pasar A1 sebesar 1,327 g/kg, sampel pasar A2 sebesar 1,490 g/kg, sampel pasar B1 sebesar 1,030 g/kg, sampel pasar B2 sebesar 1,451 g/kg, sampel pasar C2 sebesar 1,444 g/kg, sampel pasar E sebesar 1,077 g/kg, sampel pasar F1 sebesar 1,431 g/kg dan sampel pasar F2 sebesar 1,635 g/kg. Jika dibandingkan dengan batas maksimum penggunaan natrium benzoat, selai stroberi curah yang dijual di beberapa pasar tradisional Kecamatan Jebres Surakarta yang positif mengandung natrium benzoat tersebut tidak memenuhi syarat SNI 01-0222-1995.

Studi Penerapan Cara Produksi Pangan Yang Baik (CPPB) dan Umur Simpan Mi Glosor Di Kota Bogor

One of the fast food sold by small and medium businesses is noodles. Noodles are preferred by consumers because they are cheap, affordable for all levels of society, can be processed into a variety of cuisines, and can be served quickly. One of the most common culinary noodles consumed by the people of Bogor city and its surroundings is the glutinous noodles which are widely served with various variations. However, in buying, sometimes people do not know whether the glossy noodles they consume are suitable foods to consume. This research aims to know the making of glossy noodles by the glossy noodles maker in Bogor city, based on good food production methods so that we can know the shelf life of glossy noodles in the laboratory by analyzing the total plate count and organoleptic test with packaging technique of HDPE plastic bags stored for 5 days, heat-resistant HDPE plastic sealed stored for 10 days and heat-resistant HDPE plastic which was vacuum stored for 15 days with no dyeing and with immersion treatments in water of 100 oC for 1 minute. Data on good food production methods is obtained by means of surveys that reveal case studies of a problem with a qualitative approach. The results of research showed that the results of observation of small and medium business in CV Taruna have four major activities, namely procurement of materials, production process, packaging, and marketing or delivering. Small and medium businesses of CV Taruna have 37 process flows. The conditions of implementing good food production methods are currently at level 4. The number of serious nonconformities of 3 elements and critical mismatches of 2 elements. The results of the analysis of the total plate numbers with packaging technique of HDPE plastic bags stored for 5 days, heat-resistant HDPE plastic sealed stored for 10 days and heat-resistant HDPE plastic which was vacuum stored for 15 days with no dyeing treatment and with immersion in water of 100 oC for 1 minute meet SNI requirements < 1x10-6 at room temperature for 72 hours. The results of organoleptic test with packaging technique of HDPE plastic bags stored for 5 days, heat-resistant HDPE plastic sealed stored for 10 days and heat-resistant HDPE plastic which was vacuum stored for 15 days with no dyeing treatment and with immersion in water of 100 oC for 1 minute for color, aroma, texture, and appearance on the score from dislike to very like. Keywords: small and medium enterprises, gloss noodles, shelf life, total plate count, organoleptic test.

Study on Yoghurt Powder Probiotic Quality using Foam-Mat Drying Method

Yoghurt powder probiotic has been produced by fermentation of milk using yoghurt cultures, Streptococcus thermophillus ENCC 0040, Lactobacillus bulgaricus ENCC 0041, Lactobacillus casei FNCC 0090 and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707. The aim of this research was to determine the concentration and type of foam material to produce the best quality of yoghurt powder. Two types of foaming agents were used at different concentration as egg albumin 15%, 20%, 25% and tween 80 for 0.75%, 1.25%, 1.75%. The yoghurt foam was dried at 50°C for 3 h in cabinet dryer. The results showed that characteristic of yoghurt powder probiotic using 20% egg albumin meets the standard of the SNI (2981:2009) requirements as it was characterized by physicochemical and microbiologically. Moisture content 6,29%; ash content 4,82%; fat content 15,29%; protein content 26,47%; phosphor (P) content 634,15 ppm; and calcium (Ca) content 5121,71 ppm; acidity (lactic acid) 1,57%; lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count 1.8x1010 CFU/g; and yield 19.05%.

The use of protein binder from shaving waste for leather finishing: Judging from the physical, chemical, and morphological properties of lizard skin leather

Shaving waste is the tanned hides/skins shavings produced by the leather tanning industry. The waste is very polluting the environment because it contains chromium, difficult to degrade, large in volume and light in weight. Therefore it is difficult to handle for the leather tanning industry. The purpose of this study was to deal with the problem of shaving waste which was very polluting the environment and to evaluate the effect of the application of protein binders made from the shaving waste on physical, chemical, and morphological properties of the lizard skin leather. The shaving waste was hydrolysed using NaOH and separated by filtering the results of the hydrolysis. Filter results were tested as protein binder and used for lizard skin leather finishing. The lizard skin leather was then finished with a variation of the protein binder 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. Then, the leather was tested physically, chemically, and morphologically. The results of the organoleptic test showed that all variations were almost the same and met the requirement of Indonesian Standard on the quality of chrome-tanned snake finished leather (SNI 06-4586-1998). For the physical properties, all parameters met the requirement of SNI, except for elongation. Chemical tests results showed that all of the parameters met the requirement. Morphologically, it showed that the greater the ratio between the protein binder and water, the smoother the morphology of the surface.

THE EFFECT OF PH OF NUTMEG JUICE ON REDUCING SUGAR CONTENT AND HARD CANDY TEXTURE

Research on the effect of pH of nutmeg on reducing sugar content and hard candy texture has been carried out. The aim of the study was to look at the effect of pH on the reducing sugar content and texture of nutmeg candy, and to obtain hard nutmeg candy that meets the requirements of SNI 3547.1-2008 specifically the reducing sugar content. The study used a randomized block design, which was treated as pH of nutmeg juice: pH 5, pH 6, and pH 7. The treatment group was the type of addition of nutmeg juice, namely: nutmeg juice; nutmeg juice + nutmeg oil 0.5%; nutmeg juice + 0.5% dried nutmeg meat pieces; and nutmeg juice + nutmeg oil and 0.5% dried nutmeg pieces. The main observation was carried out on the reducing sugar levels and the texture of nutmeg candy especially stick iness . Quality testing includes water content, sucrose levels, ash content, appearance/color, taste and odor. The results were statistically analyzed by the analysis of variance to determine significant differences between the samples using the sof t ware Minitab 17 (specifically the reducing sugar parameters). The pH of nutmeg juice affects the reducing sugar levels and the texture of nutmeg candy. Nutmeg candy made from nutmeg juice with pH 5 and 6 produces nutmeg candy with reduced sugar content of 3.29% and 3.18% (fulfilling the requirements for reducing sugar quality of SNI SNI 3547.1-2008 hard candy), with a non-sticky texture and easily bitten. The type of addition of nutmeg juice does not affect the reducing sugar content and texture of nutmeg candy. Keywords: Hard candy, nutmeg juice, pH, texture.

Evaluasi Cahaya pada Ruang Rawat Inap Pasien: Studi Kasus Rumah Sakit Universitas Sumatera Utara

The light that enters a patient's inpatient wards is very influential in the comfort of the patient throughout his treatment and also influences the smoothness of the paramedics to carry out their activities. Therefore, this study was conducted by collecting data and lighting measurements on existing conditions and simulating the spread of light in the patient's inpatient wards by applying Ecotect software so that it can be seen whether the lighting meets the requirements or not, in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 03-6197-2000 as a standard procedure for average brightness recommended for inpatient wards. Then analyzing the lighting needs that are recommended materials from lighting elements so that they can be utilized in the patient's inpatient wards and meet SNI requirements.

Development of Appropriate Technology for Utilizing The Effluent of Biogas Digester for Making Compost

Effluent digester is potential to be composted by adding organic material (organic waste, etc.) and to accelerate maturity, inoculant effective Microorganism (EM) is required as bio decomposer in fermentation. Not only to break the chain of diseases, this organic fertilizer also economic value, sold as agricultural fertilizer.The purpose of this study is to use the effluent of biogas digester for making compost. This experimental research method using a randomized design consisting of 4 formulations each treatment replicated 3 times with 30 days maturation and the compost will be carried out physical and chemical assessment. The results showed that compost with biogas effluent material: charcoal secam: sequential organic waste with a ratio of formulas: 1 (4: 1: 1); 2 (3: 1: 1); 3 (2: 1: 1) and 4 (1: 1: 1). Physical assessment of the 4 formulas, namely temperature, pH, humidity, color, odor and texture meet the requirements of SNI 19-7030-2004. Measurement of the chemical content of formula 1 (content C: 14.36%; N: 0.98; P: 1.27; K: 1.11; C/N ratio: 14.78); 2 (content C: 17.85%; N: 2.06; P: 1.21; K: 0.88; C/N ratio: 16.91); 3 (content C: 16.14%; N: 0.84; P: 1.02; K: 1.10; C/N ratio: 14.78); 4 (content C: 16.42%; N: 0.89; P: 1.15; K: 0.88; C/N ratio: 18.52). The more use of biogas effluent produced compost with N, P, K the greater is followed by a decrease in C/N ratio and met the requirements of SNI 19-7030-2004. The results of this study can be implemented by, from and for the community, in making compost that is economically beneficial, can reduce the expenditure of chemical fertilizers. renewable energy substitutes for LPG easily and at relatively low costs.
 
 Keywords: appropriate technology; biogas digester effluent; compost

KUAT TEKAN PANEL DINDING BETON RINGAN EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE DENGAN LAPIS LUAR PAPAN KALSIUM SILIKAT

The need for housing in Indonesia reaches around 1 million houses per year is the reason behind an increasing demand for building materials. Prefabricated wall panels can be used as alternative building materials that have easy and fast advantages in installation. In addition, the use of precast wall panels will also save labor costs. In this study, expanded polystyrene (EPS) lightweight concrete wall panels were a composite with calcium silicate boards. Furthermore, the unity of these materials are called a sandwich panel. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential use of sandwich panels as structural wall panels in terms of compressive strength. Test specimens were 9 EPS panels measuring 1800x610x75mm; 3 of them were a composite with GRC board, 3 other with GRC board outer layer and bolt connector, and 3 panels without reinforcement. The used calcium silicate board is a trade name of GRC board with a thickness of 4mm. Compressive strength testing is carried out referring to SNI 03-3122-1992 (Fibrous Lightweight Concrete Panel).The test results obtained the compressive strength of PP-T, PGP-T, PGB-T panels in a row of 0.72 MPa, 0.84 MPa, and 1.43 MPa. The pattern of damage to the test object was marked by the release of the outer layer of the GRC board and the wall panel was fractured. It can be concluded that the addition of the GRC board outer layer and bolt connector can increase the compressive strength of the wall panel up to 200%. In contrast, the PP-T, PGP-T, and PGB-T panels do not meet the requirements of SNI 03-3122-1992. The resulted compressive strengths are so low that make the expanded polystyrene concrete panel is not avaiable for bearing wall purpose.

Uji Penetrasi Spesimen Pada Sungkup Helm Berbahan Biokomposit Sebagai Bahan Alternatif Pengganti Helm

The correct function of helmets is to protect motorcycle riders from head injuries during accident and head collision. Most of helmets existing in markets are produced by helmet factories. The price of used materials is quite high because those materials are still imported from overseas. It causes the increasing of helmet production cost and the helmet prices in the market become quite expensive. This research aims to find how a biocomposite material (85 % PP, 10 % husk of rice and 5 % MAPP) can be used as an alternative replacement material for helmet lid preparation on the condition of passing the SNI standar test, namely the penetration test. The testing process is carried out by using the test tools referring to SNI 181-2007. The results of penetration test with thickness of 4 mm showed that the speciment can not be penetrated by indenter in accordance with the requirements of SNI 1811-2007. So that the testing can be used as a reference for alternative materials to make a standard helmet lid.

Material Biokomposit Sebagai Material Alternatif Sungkup Helm

A Helmet is an equipment that should be used by motorcycle riders. The correct function of helmets is to protect motorcycle riders from head injuries during accident and head collision. Most of helmets existing in markets are produced by helmet factories. Those helmets have to meet certain standards, including the use of materials to construct the helmet lid and the testing processes on the helmet itself. The price of used materials is quite high because those materials are still imported from overseas. It causes the increasing of helmet production cost and the helmet prices in the market become quite expensive. This research aims to find how a biocomposite material (consisting of 85% PP, 10% rice husk and 5% MAPP) can be used as an alternative replacement material for helmet lid preparation. The process is conducted by using finite element software. The result of the testing shows that the test penetration model with 4 mm thickness is not penetrated by indenters. Whereas the result of impact simulation testing of 146.84 g is still classified as a safe limit in accordance with the requirements of SNI 1811-2007 of 300 g.

The Trigona incisa honey quality of apisilviculture system

The population of Trigona incisa honey bees is abundant in the agroforestry region and potential to produce 13 kinds of high-value products required by the food industry, beverage, pharmaceutical, and beauty, which is the main raw material derived from plants such as flower nectar and pollen (anthers/pollen), and parts of plants other than ekstranutfial flower nectar is a sweet liquid that comes from the fruit, shoots, buds, leaves, stems, branches, and twigs. This study aims to determine the quality of Trigona incisa honey production from the apisilvikultur system. The experiment was conducted by using the survey method and laboratory testing with the following stages: The Trigona incisa honey bees which maintained by apisilvikultur farmers harvested using 100 mesh sieve and packed. Furthermore, tests will be carried out in the laboratory with test procedures and standard of SNI (Indonesian National Standard) 01-3545-2004. The test results will be analyzed by comparing with several standard test values. The results showed that the parameters of Trigona incisa honey quality that meet quality requirements of SNI 01-3545-2004 there are 7 parameters namely: ash content, solids that are not soluble in water, Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), Sucrose, Lead, Cuprum, and Arsenic metal contamination, while the parameters that do not meet the standards there are 4 parameters, namely water content, acidity, reducing sugar, and activity of diastase enzyme.

Local Wisdom, Green Open Space, and Fishermen Facilities in The Fishermen Village of Pantai Bahari

Abstract. Pantai Bahari is one of the villages in Bangkala district, Jeneponto regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bangkala is a regions of Jeneponto regency, while Jeneponto is one of the regencies in South Sulawesi province that has the potential to develop seaweed because it has a coastline of more than 95 km with an area of ​​749.79 km2. One type of seaweed cultivated in Jeneponto is Eucheuma Cottonii. This type of seaweed has important economic value because it is material for crafts. Bangkala has an area of ​​121.82 km2, with a population of 46,932 people. The population density is 385/km2. The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the fishermen settlement’s facilities in-depth along with the supporting infrastructures in Pantai Bahari village. The scope of the study is focused on settlement facilities and supporting facilities available in Pantai Bahari of Bangkala district, Jeneponto regency. Empathy is a process of understanding other people's feelings and feeling what others feel. The research method operative in this research was qualitative descriptive research. This qualitative research was done through a case study. The approach used was descriptive analytic approach. Direct observation was done to collect research data, and the results were then connected with the relevant theoretical studies. Based on the survey results conducted in Bangkala district of Jeneponto regency, the facilities are inadequately inadequate. This is due to the fact that SNI requirements and criteria have not been satisfied in building a good and adequate community facility.
 Keywords: Local Wisdom, Green Open Space Facilities, Fisherman Facilities, Pantai Bahari

Lactic Acid Levels Yogurt Red Beans with Addition of Honey Trigona sp

Red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are grains that are rich in nutrients and useful as a substitute for vegetable milk which can be processed into yogurt using Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Carbohydrates in red beans consist of a group of oligosaccharides that have little ability as an energy source for bacteria to produce lactic acid. Therefore, the making of red bean yogurt needs another source of sugar by adding Trigona sp. Honey. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding Trigona sp honey by 0%, 1.9%, 3.8%, 5.7%, 7.6%, 9.5% to the total level of lactic acid in red bean yogurt incubated for 24 hours at 37oC. This type of research is an experiment with the Postest Only With Control Group Design research design using the alkalimetry titration method. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique, namely Trigona sp honey bee taken at Trigona sp bee farm in Tambangan, Tanah Laut. Indonesia. The results showed that there was an effect of adding Trigona sp honey to total lactic acid levels in red bean yogurt with the addition of Trigona sp honey 1.9% - 9.5% fulfilling the requirements of SNI 01.2981-2009. The highest average value of total lactic acid in red bean yogurt with the addition of Trigona sp honey 9.5% which is equal to 0.6672%. It is recommended for future researchers to use other types of carbohydrate sources and additives in the form of proteins. For the community, it is recommended to use alternative sources of other sugar and optimize the addition of Trigona sp. Honey.

Optimum rotation for harvesting of cajuput leave at KPH Yogyakarta

The productivity of cajuput plantation has improved through tree breeding, while manipulation of site and management engineering of timber plantations have been less attention. Management engineering can be obtained by determining the optimum cycle of cajuput leaves harvesting. This study aims to determine the optimum cycling of cajuput leaves harvesting at KPH Yogyakarta by considering the biological cycles of cajuput leaves, chemical physical properties, and the yield of cajuput oil. The tools used in the research were digital scales, distillation devices, and testing tools of physical-chemical properties of cajuput oil. The material for research was the cajuput plants at KPH Yogyakarta. Data of cajuput leave-twig biomass were obtained for 9 months from 9 plots which were well distributed on various ages. Biological cycle analysis uses curent monthly increment (CMI) and mean monthly increment (MMI) intersection approach. Analysis of the physical-chemical properties on cajuput oil refers to SNI 3954:2014 on cajuput oil. The results showed that the biological cycles of cajuput leaves were obtained 5 months after leaves harvesting. The chemical physical properties of cajuput oil that meet the requirements of SNI were achieved after the leaves are 7 months after harvested. The yield of cajuput oil which is above 0.7% was obtained after the leaves are 8 months after harvested. Thus, the optimum cycle for harvesting of cajuput leaves in KPH Yogyakarta is after 8 months.

Total plate count and Escherichia coli in raw buffalo milk in curio district enrekang regency

Curio is the central area for buffalo milk production in Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Curio’s farmers carried out the milking process manually, which enabled bacterial contamination to the milk. This study was aimed to identify the quality of buffalo milk in Curio by evaluating the total plate count and Escherichia coli count. Raw buffalo milk samples were collected from three farmers in Curio, separated as udder samples and farm samples. Total plate count was evaluated using Nutrient Agar media and total E. coli was evaluated using Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media. Isolated E. coli was further confirmed by Gram staining, IMViC test, TSIA Test, and Carbohydrate Fermentation Test. Results showed that 33.33% of udder milk samples met the requirements of Total Plate Count for SNI No. 01–3141–2011 of raw milk standard. Evaluation of total E. coli showed that 100% of milk samples exceeded the requirements of SNI No. 01–3141–2011. The Total Plate Count and E. coli in the farm samples were higher than the udder samples. The isolated E. coli were confirmed by Gram staining, IMViC test, TSIA Test, and Carbohydrate Fermentation Test.