Specific Requirements Research Articles

Writing UX requirements in acceptance criteria: extended version of a case study in startups

User experience (UX) is a topic widely discussed in the software industry. The elaboration of UX requirements is an activity that practitioners face difficulties during the software specification. On the other hand, user stories (US) are a well-known artifacts to describe software requirements. Frequently, acceptance criteria (AC) complement the US specification by giving more details about the require-ment scope, functionality, and quality requirements of the software. Taking into account US/AC relevance, ACUX (Acceptance Criteria of User eXperience) guide was proposed to support software teams to the writing of UX requirements during the elaboration of AC. In this paper, a case study carried out with software teams from two startups investigated the use of ACUX. The study aims to ob-serve the changes that the guide adoption employed in the teams’ routine concer-ned on UX requirements elaboration. The findings revealed that ACUX im-proved team communication and played the role of a reminder for the developers memory about the relevant aspects of UX to be considered in the requirement specification.

Implementation of Sensor Input Setup Assistance Service Using Generative AI for SEMAR IoT Application Server Platform

For rapid deployments of various IoT application systems, we have developed Smart Environmental Monitoring and Analytical in Real-Time (SEMAR) as an integrated server platform. It is equipped with rich functions for collecting, analyzing, and visualizing various data. Unfortunately, the proper configuration of SEMAR with a variety of IoT devices can be complex and challenging for novice users, since it often requires technical expertise. The assistance of Generative AI can be helpful to solve this drawback. In this paper, we present an implementation of a sensor input setup assistance service for SEMAR using prompt engineering techniques and Generative AI. A user needs to define the requirement specifications and environments of the IoT application system for sensor inputs, and give them to the service. Then, the service provides step-by-step guidance on sensor connections, communicating board configurations, network connections, and communication protocols to the user, which can help the user easily set up the configuration to connect the relevant devices to SEMAR. For evaluations, we applied the proposal to the input sensor setup processes of three practical IoT application systems with SEMAR, namely, a smart light, water heater, and room temperature monitoring system. In addition, we applied it to the setup process of an IoT application system for a course for undergraduate students at the Insitut Bisnis dan Teknologi (INSTIKI), Indonesia. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed service for SEMAR.

Dendrimers as drug delivery vehicles: a comprehensive review.

Dendrimers are chemical compounds that have functional groups on their surface and a hyperbranched structure. It is simple to promote the functionality of dendrimers and produce a variety of biocompatible products by altering their terminal groups. These materials have exceptional physicochemical characteristics that make them more beneficial in the administration of medications. They have a vigorous amount of potential as agents for nanomedicine applications because of their rare properties, which compose internal cavities, strong reactivity, globular form, solubility in water, and nanoscale size. They might also be synthesized easily. In-depth information about dendrimer composition and classifications, synthesis, and applications in nanomedicine, particularly drug delivery, is mentioned in this paper. Dendrimers are chiefly categorized by their functional groups, which permit for concise encapsulation of active compounds and structural imitatively of biomaterials. A rare property not often seen in other polymers serves to stabilize the surface of dendrimers to broaden their solubility in water.Dendritic molecules own a different variety of applications, such as dendrimers, dendrons, dendronized polymers, and hyperbranched polymers, which are organized based on their molecular weight. The role-play of dendrimers' is the capability to attach a broad range of chemical entities and their ability to shift pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features through tailored drug delivery. To sum up, this study bolded how dendrimers' intricate structure and versatility make them excellent drug delivery vehicles since they may exactly modify their properties to reach special requirements. Drugs can be aimed at neuroinflammatory disorders and made more soluble and stable by dendrimers, which also deliver for a diversity of modes of delivery. Additionally, they show attractive ability in gene transfection and sensor production, drawing near their potential for a difference of usages in industries including pesticide delivery and medicine. With the potential to send out gene therapy, medicine delivery, and other specialties of science and medicine, dendrimers are becoming a huge crucial in the pharmaceutical and medical industries through the next research and clinical investigations.

Thalassemias and Sickle Cell Diseases in Pregnancy: SITE Good Practice

Background: Hereditary hemoglobin disorders are the most common globally distributed monogenic red cell diseases. The rights of women with thalassemia or sickle cell disease (SCD) to motherhood need to be protected by creating a roadmap to guide her, and her family network, along all the phases of the event. In fact, pregnancy in these vulnerable patients requires special attention and guidelines from the counseling stage (giving information about the special requirement and risks posed by their pregnancy with respect to the general population) the pre-conception stage, the early and mid-late pregnancy stage, to labor and lactation. The biocomplexity of these diseases requires a multidisciplinary team synergizing with gynecologists and obstetricians. In addition, the presence of a multicultural scenario requires healthcare workers to overcome stereotypes and adopt appropriate anthropological tools that might help them integrate the different cultural models of disease and motherhood. Methods: The Management Committee of the Society for Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies (SITE) selected and brought together a multidisciplinary and multiprofessional group made up of experts in hemoglobinopathies and experts in anthropology, flanked along with by experts with methodological and organizational expertise in order to create recommendations based on the integration of available scientific evidence together with expert opinion. Results: The panelists critically analyzed the literature, combining in a single document practices developed over several years of managing young women with hemoglobinopathies in a sensitive phase of their lives. Conclusions: This good practice document is the result of a collegial effort by Italian experts on hemoglobinopathies who are members of SITE. (SITE).

Framework Design for Reinforcing the Potential of XR Technologies in Transforming Inclusive Education

This study presents a novel approach to inclusive education by integrating augmented reality (XR) and generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into an immersive and adaptive learning platform designed for students with special educational needs. Building upon existing solutions, the approach uniquely combines XR and generative AI to facilitate personalized, accessible, and interactive learning experiences tailored to individual requirements. The framework incorporates an intuitive Unity XR-based interface alongside a generative AI module to enable near real-time customization of content and interactions. Additionally, the study examines related generative AI initiatives that promote inclusion through enhanced communication tools, educational support, and customizable assistive technologies. The motivation for this study arises from the pressing need to address the limitations of traditional educational methods, which often fail to meet the diverse needs of learners with special educational requirements. The integration of XR and generative AI offers transformative potential by creating adaptive, immersive, and inclusive learning environments. This approach ensures real-time adaptability to individual progress and accessibility, addressing critical barriers such as static content and lack of inclusivity in existing systems. The research outlines a pathway toward more inclusive and equitable education, significantly enhancing opportunities for learners with diverse needs and contributing to broader social integration and equity in education.

Features of the work activity and health status in station and shunting dispatchers at the railway transport

Introduction. One of the urgent problems of occupational hygiene is the optimization of working conditions and the protection of the health in workers at the railway transport. Technical progress at the railway transport, the introduction of modern automation tools, and the gain in the operational capacity of railways place special requirements for such occupations referred to the group of dispatching and operator occupations. One of the leading occupations among this category of workers is the profession of station and maneuver dispatchers. Chronic exposure to nervous and emotional stress in station and maneuver dispatchers can contribute to the development of pathological conditions in various organs and systems of the body and cause corresponding diseases. Therefore, an in-depth study of the working conditions of station and shunting dispatchers is relevant and timely. The purpose of the study to investigate the working conditions in station and shunting dispatchers of the railway transport with the development of preventive measures. Materials and methods. Time-lapse studies were carried out (photo of the working day). Measurements of harmful production factors in the workplace were carried out using the method of special assessment of working conditions. The structure of morbidity has been studied. Results. According to the conducted research, it was found that the duration of concentrated attention for shunting dispatchers is 93.3%, for station dispatchers 87.7%. The average signal density per hour is 304 for the station dispatcher, and 311 for the maneuvering dispatcher. The load on the organs of hearing and vision was established. The hearing load for station dispatchers was 4–8 hours, for maneuver dispatchers – 5–7 hours, including talking on the “phone” and “selector”. During the work of the dispatcher, complex tasks are solved with a choice according to known algorithms (work according to a series of instructions), which takes 73.5–79.3% of the working time for station dispatchers, 70.8–96.3% for maneuvering dispatchers. Morbidity rates with temporary disability in the above-mentioned occupations are much higher than the industry average. Limitations. Stations and branches were selected as the basic facilities for conducting hygienic research at the Moscow, Oktyabrskaya, and Sverdlovskaya railways. Conclusion. The work activity in station and maneuver dispatchers is characterized by a significant amount of work, including speech (semantic), signal (auditory), sign and visual information. This allows characterizing it as operator labour against the background of a high degree of stress factors. According to the indicators of the intensity of the labour process, the working conditions in station and maneuver dispatchers are classified as strenuous work of the 3rd grade of harmfulness, class 3.3. Employees of this occupation category have a high incidence of temporary loss of ability to work in terms of the number of cases of disability of 149.0 and the number of days of disability of 1,800, 8 per 100 employees. The average duration of the one case is 12.1 days. Based on the conducted research there were developed preventive recommendations, including rehabilitative psychohygienic means, and methods of improving the health in operator personnel and knowledge workers.

Speech-Language Pathology Preservice Preparation for Working in School-Age Literacy: International Perspectives.

This narrative review of preservice training of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to work in school-age literacy contexts examines (a) studies regarding SLPs' perceptions of their preservice training and (b) accreditation requirements for preservice training in selected nations. A review of the literature examining (a) SLPs' perspectives about their preservice training; (b) SLPs' beliefs, confidence, and self-efficacy; and (c) speech-language pathology preservice program content was conducted via analysis of studies published after the year 2010. Policy documents and websites outlining accreditation requirements in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand were reviewed. The literature search resulted in a total of 13 studies: nine from the United States and four from Australia. Twelve of the studies investigated SLP perceptions of preservice training. The perspectives of university faculty were included in one of these. One study directly examined preservice program coursework. In the United States, there appears to have been an increase in course content related to literacy in recent years. However, SLPs in both the United States and Australia consistently report feeling underprepared by their preservice training to address the full continuum of school-age literacy service provision that could be expected of SLPs on graduation. Between the different international contexts, there is significant variability in the clarity and specificity of requirements for preservice training in literacy for SLPs. Published research is limited to cross-sectional survey evaluations of preservice training. A qualitative lens to examine in more depth and breadth the experiences of preservice training from the perspectives of both recipients and providers is needed. Policy documents for speech-language pathology would benefit from increased coherence and accountability regarding accreditation requirements for SLPs in school-age literacy.

Taking perspective between Indonesia and Germany: the establishment of quo vadis house of worship

This paper discusses about licensing the establishment of houses of worship. In practice, the licensing arrangements for worship in both countries have significant differences. Indonesia has a bureaucratic approach that is formal, administrative, and social and community-based. Indonesia specifically regulates the requirements for the establishment of houses of worship in PBM 9 & 8/2006. Administrative, technical, and special requirements are required to obtain licenses. However, PBM 9&8/2006 has a loophole for the rejection of houses of worship, thus potentially inhibiting freedom of worship. On the other hand, Germany takes an ecological, spatial, and architectural approach to licensing houses of worship. Germany adheres to BauGB as a regulation related to building construction by paying attention to FNP and B-Plan as guidelines. This normative juridical research uses comparative, conceptual, and statutory approaches. The main finding of this research is that the two countries have different approaches in considering permits for the establishment of houses of worship. It is found that the difference between the two lies in the aspects of regulation, characteristics, and the approach to resolving disputes over the establishment of houses of worship.

ОЦЕНКА МЯСНЫХ ПОЛУФАБРИКАТОВ МЯСОПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ ЯКУТИИ

The purpose of research is to assess the quality of frozen semi-finished beef meat products manufactured at a processing plant in Yakutia in terms of compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents and standards for control methods. Samples of frozen minced molded meat (cutlets, meatballs) and small-sized semi-finished products of the agricultural consumer cooperative Berte-As of the Khangalassky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) were evaluated by organoleptic, physico-chemical and bacteriological indicators. Samples of cutlets, meatballs were studied for indicators characterizing external and taste qualities: physical and chemical indicators – acidity, mass fraction of moisture, mass fraction of sodium chloride, qualitative and quantitative methods for determining starch, mass fraction of bread; bacteriological indicators – bacterial contamination, the presence of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms (salmonella, listeria Listeria mnocytogenes, etc.), the presence of mold. According to the results of the analysis of the composition and chemical analysis of chopped semi-finished products, the category of products was determined. Samples of small-sized semi-finished products were examined for organoleptic characteristics, bacterial contamination, the presence of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms. According to the results of the veterinary and sanitary examination of frozen minced meat, small-sized semi-finished products produced by the agricultural consumer cooperative Berte-As, it was found that the products are made from high-quality natural meat raw materials of category B, comply with the requirements of technical regulations, specifications and standards for control methods in terms of safety indicators.

Failures in bituminous joint-sealing in concrete pavements

In many countries, e.g. Germany, concrete pavements are constructed with plain concrete (JPCP). In such constructions, joints and their sealing are essential elements for a durable longterm behavior. Recently, numerous damages in the joint sealants were detected as early as one to three years after application. Especially delamination of the sealant from the joint edges and tearing of the sealant itself have been observed. In former times none of such phenomena have been known, it is assumed that the bitumen quality had been modified over time. However, the material itself had fulfilled all requirements of the standard specifications. Therefore, also other components of the joint sealing like the adhesion layer or the saw cut resp. the roughness of the joint edges have to be considered as potential causes for the failure. Currently the single components are being tested separately. Thus, a comprehensive test method had to be developed which captures the behavior of the entire sealant system. Herewith, the adhesion layer as well as the surface in the joint edges can be evaluated under the relevant loadings. This had been developed within an extensive research project. In this test, the behavior of the entire joint system can be analyzed under static as well as under cyclic loads. Through this complete technical assessment, it will be possible to design and execute joint sealants in concrete pavements more durable.

Analyzing special needs reports for children: sociodemographic trends, diagnoses, and support areas over five years (2019-2024).

This study aims to evaluate the special needs reports for children (SNRC) in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, diagnoses, and areas of special needs in the five years from 2019, when special health boards for children were established with the new diagnostic and evaluation criteria. This descriptive study was conducted by retrospectively reviewing the board evaluation reports of children aged 0-18 years who applied to Batman Training and Research Hospital SNRC Health Board between March 2019 and March 2024. The study included 420 children for whom all the data in the evaluation reports could be accessed. All data of the participants were collected and analyzed through the Hospital Information Management System (HIMS). The mean age at the time of health board admission was 7.41 years with 58.3% boys and 41.7% girls. When the level of special needs was analyzed, the highest rate of 47.1% was found to have Special Condition Requirement Needs (SCRN). The most common reason for application in both boys (68.6%) and girls (64%) was to benefit from Disability Rights. In terms of the distribution of disease areas, the highest rate was in the Cognitive Development Area with 36.2%, the second highest rate was in the Movement Development Area with 27.1%, and the lowest rates were in the Genitourinary System - Surgery Area with 0.2% and in the Hematology-Oncology Area with 0.2%. When the areas of Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) were analyzed, it was determined that the highest rate was in the area of rehabilitation/early support (intervention) requirement to support cognitive functions with 43.1%. When the special needs levels were analyzed according to the disease areas, the highest rate was found in 13 areas except for the Nephrology area and Genitourinary System-Surgery Area was SCRN. In Nephrology, the rates were equally shared between SCRN and Significant special needs (SSPD) at 50%, while the highest rate in the Genitourinary System-Surgery Field was Special needs (SEN) with 60.6%. Our research emphasizes the crucial role of SNRC health board reports in tackling the pressing challenges faced by children and their families. Through harnessing these reports, we can make significant progress in identifying and supporting children with special needs, ultimately enhancing their quality of life. Our findings emphasize the influence of gender and the typical age of 7-8 years for initial evaluation. Looking ahead, it is vital to develop comprehensive strategies to raise community awareness and equip healthcare professionals with the necessary tools to optimize support systems. Through ongoing analysis and adaptation, these efforts hold the promise of fostering a more inclusive and supportive environment for children with diverse needs.

Availability-based maintenance prioritization for data centres: a dynamic programming approach

Digital infrastructures and Data Centres (DCs) have played a significant role in society for several years in conducting digital transformation. Recently after the global COVID-19 crisis, the importance of DCs has greatly increased because of facing new realities. High demand for digital commerce, online meetings, and other online and cloud services in the digitisation process has given the DC industry special attention. Regarding the critical components of DCs, special requirements, such as minimum availability, reliability, quality, and performance levels, should be addressed in DC operations. Therefore, implementing optimised maintenance management is beneficial for these infrastructures to reduce the risk of failure and ensure a minimum level of reliability and availability while minimising maintenance costs. This paper presents a novel, availability-based model for optimising maintenance prioritisation in DCs. The model leverages a Multiple 0-1 Knapsack problem, solved using Dynamic Programming (DP), to determine the optimal set of components for maintenance actions, considering both DC availability requirements and budget limitations. By incorporating reliability and availability analysis, the DP-based approach generates a maintenance prioritisation plan that maximises DC availability within budgetary constraints. This study provides a practical framework for enhancing maintenance decision-making in DCs, ultimately contributing to more efficient and resilient digital infrastructures.

Evaluation of natural language processing models to measure similarity between scenarios written in Spanish

Requirements engineering is a critical phase in software development; it seeks to understand and document system requirements from early stages. Typically, requirements specification involves close collaboration between customers and development teams. Customers contribute their expertise in the domain language, while developers use more technical, computational terms. Despite these differences, achieving mutual understanding is crucial.One of the most widely used artifacts for this purpose is scenarios. In environments where multiple actors write scenarios, duplication is common. Thus, there is a need for mechanisms to detect similar scenarios and prevent redundancy. Inthis paper we empirically evaluate several pre-trained Natural Language Processing models to analyze the semantic similarity between scenarios in Spanish, identifying words or phrases with equivalent meanings. It is important to note that the analysis is performed in this language to contribute to the region.Finally, we present a tool that facilitates the creation of new scenarios by identifying potential similarities with existing ones. The tool supports multiple models, allowing users to select the most appropriate one to detect similar scenarios accurately during the definition process.

Settlement of a dispute with the participation of a judge in a civil process: problematic aspects

The article is devoted to the analysis of the procedural norms of the institute of dispute settlement with the participation of a judge in a civil process, the coverage of theoretical and practical aspects, the search for ways of legislative improvement of the legal norms that regulate the procedure of dispute settlement with the participation of a judge. The principles that are implemented during the implementation of dispute settlement in judicial practice are analyzed. Attention is focused on the fact that the institution of dispute settlement with the participation of a judge is one of the types of alternative dispute resolution. The views of scientists regarding the legal nature of the judge’s participation in dispute settlement have been studied. It was found that the settlement of a dispute with the participation of a judge is a voluntary, negotiated, confidential process in which the parties to the dispute try to enter into negotiations on their own, on a voluntary basis, with the support of an independent, neutral and impartial mediator - a judge who, with the help of his own professional skills and knowledge directs the parties to a peaceful settlement of the dispute. A number of main problems that hinder the effective work of this institute have been identified. The lack of professional training and special requirements for a judge to participate in dispute settlement, the legal status of a judge in the dispute settlement procedure with the participation of a judge is not defined in detail, time limitations, issues regarding the consent of the parties to court conciliation, the impossibility of the judge to give legal advice and recommendations, questions regarding the storage of information obtained as a result of the established ability to hold meetings in video conference mode, etc. The adoption of a separate law was proposed, which would establish in detail the legal status of a judge participating in the settlement of a dispute, determine whether a judge has the right to refuse to grant a party’s (his representative’s) request for the application of a dispute settlement procedure with the participation of a judge in legal relations that indicate the impossibility of a peaceful dispute settlement, and define the concept legal advice and evaluation of evidence. The author emphasized the need for information dissemination of the institute of dispute settlement with the participation of a judge. Conclusions and proposals aimed at improving this procedure were formulated.

Exploring The Efficacy of Digital Art Therapy in Enhancing Social Communication for Autistic Individuals

This paper focuses on the developing area of digital art therapy for autistic persons in Malaysia, investigating both the bright prospects and the obstacles it encounters. Traditional art therapy has frequently been greeted with suspicion, partly owing to poor scientific data, which has prevented its wider acceptance in medical procedures. However, digital platforms are developing as a potent alternative, offering adaptable and interactive places intended to fulfill the special requirements of autistic individuals. This study attempts to examine how digital art therapy might promote communication and emotional expression in these individuals. By integrating both quantitative data and human experiences from interviews, it tries to convey the whole impact of this therapeutic technique. Early results imply that digital art therapy might offer a more individualized and effective alternative to help autistic persons express themselves. Still, the absence of considerable research remains a key impediment to completely incorporating it into the healthcare system. Closing the gap between traditional medicine and digital treatments is vital for delivering a greater choice of treatment options customized to the requirements of autistic individuals. Ultimately, this article argues for more extensive study to prove the advantages of digital art therapy and to guarantee it becomes a significant element of autism treatment in Malaysia, benefiting the lives of those who need it most.

Requirements Specification Automated Quality Analysis: Past, Present, and Future

Requirements Specification Automated Quality Analysis: Past, Present, and Future

The value interfaces of media COVID-culture in online press

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused a radical division of communities and reformatted a considerable area of interpersonal communication in the contemporary “glocalized” world. Historically and culturally developed standards, flexibly stable communication concepts, and universally applicable codes with a substantial degree of persuasive and expressive force have produced accelerated responses to the special requirements and challenges that contemporary social media discourse needs to, wants to, or can manage. In the pragma-communication ambit covering the COVID-19 issue, what was obviously activated and integrated were the methods and means of professional (medical, psychological, social, economic, political, military) and media discourse, including the extreme persuasiveness, inherent colloquialization, as well as individualization, of the web-based media products. In the context of the delicate thematic and pragmatic spectrum, a culturally specific way of intertextual media presentation of contents, intentions and effects was created at the intersection of the said communication markers. Using an adapted speech acts theory, the study focuses on a socio-pragmatic definition of interfaces in a so-called covid-culture value area, which occurs in contemporary online press featuring opinion journalism.

A full-attention network with an open dataset for large-scale building semantic segmentation along long-span high-speed rail lines

ABSTRACT Buildings adjacent to high-speed rail (HSR) tracks are one of the key concerns in the environmental hazard monitoring of HSR lines. The rapid and accurate extraction of building information for real-time inspection through high-resolution remote sensing (HRRS) images is a crucial and effective method to ensure the safe operation of high-speed trains. However, a significant challenge associated with this task emerges from the extremely intricate scenes and diverse buildings within HRRS images that cover long-span HSR lines. To surmount this challenge, this paper presents a high-quality HSR dataset and a novel full-attention semantic segmentation network (referred to as FANet) for building detection along HSR lines. The dataset provided contains rich HRRS image data and high-quality pixel-level building annotations. The proposed FANet is designed to enhance model performance by paying comprehensive attention to multi-level, multi-scale, and global relational information. Specifically, after analyzing the special requirements, a multi-scale global attention (MSGA) module and an affinity attention fusion (AAF) module have been devised and incorporated into FANet. The MSGA module is utilized to ensure the integrity and consistency of building extractions across various shapes and sizes, while the AAF module aids in the fine-grained identification of building outline boundaries. Extensive experiments conducted using the introduced HSR dataset, along with two publicly available building datasets–the Massachusetts building dataset and the Inria aerial image dataset–demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach. Moreover, the paper comprehensively discusses various applications that the HSR dataset can support for future research endeavors. The HSR dataset and method code will be made publicly accessible at https://github.com/QiaoWenfan/Building_Dataset.

Issues in Chinese Requirements Specifications: Insights from Survey Data and Static Analysis

Requirements engineering is crucial for software project success. Issues like requirements ambiguity, inconsistency, and unverifiability contribute to unclear, conflicting, or untestable specifications, which can undermine the effectiveness and success of a software project. These issues have been identified as factors contributing to software project failure. However, there’s limited research on the current state of these issues in China. The research objectives of this study are to address the most commonly used methods for expressing Chinese software requirements and uncover issues related to ambiguity, inconsistency, and unverifiability, which can be solved by using artificial intelligence techniques to investigate possible solutions to these problems. An online survey of 422 software professionals in China identifies key issues in Chinese software requirement expressions that AI techniques can address. The study examines various expression methods, tools for enhancing clarity, and challenges specific to Chinese requirements. Findings reveal that ambiguity, inconsistency, and unverifiability significantly impact project success. While natural language specification and prototyping improve clarity, they may increase the time required for requirements engineering. Effective communication is typically achieved through natural language, prototyping, storyboarding, and pseudo-coding, whereas decision tables and block diagrams are less commonly used and linked to problematic requirements. Using tables, prototype diagrams, and natural language descriptions helps mitigate these issues, though it may extend engineering time. The study suggests strategies to improve the efficiency and quality of requirements expression and highlights the need to develop Chinese boilerplates and refining tools to enhance clarity in the future.

Hydrogeological uniqueness of groundwater in the Cherkashinsky area of the Tobolsk district of the Tyumen region

Intensive development of the Tyumen region, where the largest West Siberian megabasin is located (the Tyumen groundwater deposit is the largest in Russia), violates the natural state of ecosystems, in particular groundwater, which is the basis of an ecosystem vital to the health of the planet. Currently, the significance of groundwater is often underestimated. Professor Robert Reinecke from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz emphasizes that groundwater should be considered as a crucial ecosystem. This is because groundwater is a major ecosystem itself, also it plays a critical role in the earth surface. So what is the hydrogeological uniqueness of the groundwater of the Cherkashinsky area in the Tobolsk district of the Tyumen region?Mineral and thermal groundwater, historically termed "medicinal water," are essential. In the early 20th century, "mineral water" was synonymous with "medicinal water." Today, groundwater is utilized not only as a mineral resource for extracting valuable components like bromine and iodine but also as technical water. Technical water have special requirements. This is due to the need to assess the geochemical compatibility of formation fluids and injected fluids, because forecasting equilibrium can help prevent problems of salt deposition in oil fields. The difficult procedure for determining the compatibility of injected water and formation water complicates the operational use of hydrochemical data, in especially in monitoring calcite precipitate.The aim of this article is to present the groundwater composition and evaluate the geochemical compatibility of formation fluids and injected fluids in the Cherkashinsky area. Studying this science topic, we mostly used method of atomic-absorption analysis and the geochemical compatibility of formation fluids and injected fluids. This study examines the value of concentration and potential accumulation of micro-components (bromine and iodine) in groundwater, defined by the geological and hydrogeological conditions of this area. Additionally, we have identified a computational method of compatibility of mixed waters based on calcite and gypsum. Also, we showed the dependency of calcium salt solubility in a multi-component mixture on temperature, pressure, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide.