Republika Srpska Research Articles

Kulturna politika i kulturne potrebe u programima političkih partija Bosne i Hercegovine (Republika Srpska i Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine)

Every society is interested in getting to know and accepting the rules of behaviour and all other elements of culture through which individuals integrate themselves into the society and identify with it. Culture is a cohesive element of society that connects individuals, social groups and all other social segments into a single unit. In the first part of the paper, the concept of culture is defined, through the concepts of cultural politics and cultural needs. The second part of the paper presents the analysis results regarding the content of the programs and statutes of nine parties in Republic Srpska (RS) and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), which won the greatest number of votes in the 2022 general election, from the cultural politics and cultural needs point of view. The research into the relations between political parties and cultural politics shows that this topic is being marginalized in programs and statutes of all political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH).

POLITIČKO NASILjE I UKIDANjE USTAVNIH PRAVA REPUBLIKE SRPSKE: ODUZIMANjE TERITORIJE, VOJSKE I PRAVOSUĐA, 1996–2006.

The study examines the techniques of political violence used by the Bosniak political elite and Western countries led by the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom in order to disempower the Republika Srpska and, in the long run, abolish it. The land, army, and judicial system were targeted as crucial parts of the Republika Srpska’s statehood, as confirmed in the 1995 Dayton Peace Agreement. All seizures of Srpska’s competencies were carried out in violation of the peace agreement and the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as basic international law norms and egregious abuses of democratic procedures. Western countries have treated Bosnia and Herzegovina as a lawless zone, subordinating its democratically elected bodies and institutions to their own will, embodied in the form of “High Representative” or “Supervisor” in the Brcko Municipality. The state of lawlessness and the principle of the “right of the stronger,” according to which the High Representative had the authority to pass and repeal laws, remove democratically elected officials, and prohibit different people from engaging in politics, provided a framework within which elements of the Republika Srpska’s statehood could be abolished against its citizens’ will

Marketing strategije u funkciji konkurentnosti preduzeća u Republici Srpskoj

The development of a modern company implies the effective implementation of various marketing strategies. Marketing strategies are the basis for an effective marketing plan that is an integral part of the company's business plan. The marketing plan is defined and shaped in practice between the design of an adequate marketing strategy and the implementation of the marketing campaign. Defining marketing strategies implies a clear specification of a series of specific actions that need to be successfully implemented. Achieving defined marketing goals is directly correlated with well-defined marketing strategies. The key is to ensure measurable results when implementing a marketing strategy. Marketing strategies represent the foundation for developing a tactical plan in the company and thus have an extremely significant impact on the success of the company's operations. Therefore, there is a necessity to clearly define the types of marketing strategies that will be implemented in a certain company. In Republika Srpska, as an integral part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one can identify different types of marketing strategies applied by companies in order to achieve their business goals. The specifics of the market influence the definition and application of specific marketing strategies. The choice of marketing strategy should always be in the function of improving the competitiveness of a particular company.

Početak toka i trajanje jednogodišnjeg roka zastarjelosti potraživanja u obligacionopravnom i potrošačkom kontekstu

This paper analyzes some issues related to the one-year Statute of limitations for claims, from the beginning of this period and throughout its course, in the context of obligation (contract) law and consumer law relations. The focus is on reconsidering whether the length of the special one-year Statute of limitations should be changed. The author examines whether there is room for refining, specifying and amending the provisions of the Obligation Relations Act, especially pertaining to the beginning of this period, given that the legal provisions on the one-year Statute of limitations in this Act do not contain special rules on this issue. The discussion is further complicated by the fact that in the Republika Srpska, the Consumer Protection Act contains a provision on a one-year Statute of limitations for claims on services of general economic interest. Is the circle of claims or the rule concerning the beginning of this Statute of limitations different from the one prescribed in the Obligations Relations Act? The paper aims to find answers to these questions by using scientific research methods in the analysis of legislation, legal theory and case law, as well as the questionnaire techniques in the empirical research which is of both theoretical and practical importance.

Uticaj orografskih faktora i sklopa sastojine na drvnu zalihu u čistim raznodobnim šumama bukve

European beech is one of the most important and most common tree species in Europe, which have extremely wide amplitude in sense of horizontal and vertical distribution. In Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) represents one of the most important tree species from an economic and ecological point of view, because it's constituting significant areas of highly productive pure and mixed forests. The main goal of this research is to determine the influence of orography (slope, aspect, elevation, and spatial distribution-climate zone) and one stand characteristic (canopy) on stand volume in pure uneven-aged beech stands. The existence of the aforementioned influence was analyzed using multi-factor ANOVA (Type II sums of squares). The research was conducted on 20 localities (grouped in 3 climatic zones). One in the eastern part of Serbia on 8 localities (Moesian province), second in the eastern part of Republika Srpska on 7 localities (Illyrian-Moesian province), and third in the northwestern part of Republika Srpska on 5 localities (Illyrian province). The obtained results showed that only slope (p≤0.1) and canopy (p≤0.001) have a statistically significant impact on stand volume in pure beech stands.

Zakonodavstvo o sajber nasilju - uloga zakona o sajber nasilju

Faced with the increasing number of cases of cyberbullying and its consequences, states are trying to find the best way of its sanctioning. The latest tragic event, in which a young man from Republika Srpska committed suicide because he was mocked on one of the social networks, has triggered a public debate on whether cyberbullying is adequately sanctioned in our country. Based on the way individual countries sanction cyberbullying, we can divide them into two groups. The first group includes those countries that sanction cyberbullying through the application of one of the existing criminal offenses (insult, defamation, persecution, unauthorised filming, hate speech). The second one refers to those countries where cyberbullying has been treated as a special criminal offense. The aim of this paper is to make suggestions for possible changes, based on an analysis of the existing legislation on cyberbullying in our country as well as in some European countries, in order to protect the victims of cyberbullying more effectively. In the paper, the authors have used a normative-legal method for the analysis of legal regulations including a comparative method for a comparative presentation of a legal regulation of cyberbullying in other countries. On the grounds of the analysis conducted, there is a conclusion that a legal protection against digital violence in our country does not provide adequate remedies for the victims of cyberbullying.

Flying Flags at Weddings in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Nationalism and the Limits of Flag Power

AbstractThis study examines the practice of ethnic communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina flying a state, entity, religious, or foreign flag at wedding ceremonies in public spaces. The wedding custom is analyzed through the lens of Hannah Arendt’s discussion of the way nationalism in the modern era links family and state. After a tragic war, flag power in this context appears to exacerbate nationalism and ethnic tensions in a polyethnic society trapped in a dysfunctional state structure created by the Dayton Accords. The empirical study finds that flag power does not, in fact, privilege ethnic solidarity over national solidarity to the degree that social and political theory would have us imagine. The national identity of being Bosnian is more likely to be exemplified. A clustered, stratified, random sample of 2,500 subjects over the age of eighteen was drawn from the country’s population, including the two entities, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska and Brčko District. Survey questions involving face-to-face structured questions asked participants whether flags were flown at their weddings, which flags were flown, and attitudes toward the wedding custom. Variations by age, religiosity, education, ethnicity, type of flag flown, and political party affiliation are reported and interpreted.

Framing and Agenda Setting of the Day of Republika Srpska and its 2016 Referendum

Abstract The purpose of this article is to explore broadsheet newspaper framing and agenda-setting of two events using the five-frame model developed by Semetko and Valkenburg (2000). This article provides insight into how the leading broadsheet newspaper within BiH’s Republika Srpska frames relationships between the three main ethnic groups and is the first such study to occur in BiH. By identifying and exploring the most common frames in Glas Srpske during the five-year period (from 31 December 2015 to 30 December 2020), the research is meant to answer the following research questions: How does Glas Srpske frame the conversation about it and portray the Day of Republika Srpska (RS) and Referendum of the RS Day? The results, which find Attribution of Responsibility and Conflict frames to be the more prevalent in Glas Srpske, illustrate contentious politics that reinforce differences between ethnic groups in BiH. These events and the controversial narrative surrounding them are relevant more than ever in the light of the recent non-paper ‘Western Balkans – A Way Forward’.

3D MODELS BASED ON UAV IMAGES AND GNSS TECHNOLOGY IN THE FIELDS OF ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL ENGINEERING, SPATIAL PLANNING, AND ENERGETICS

<jats:p>The paper presents projects in the fields of architecture, spatial planning and energetics, in order to analyze the quality of 3D terrain models obtained by combining photogrammetry using drone images (UAV) and terrestrial measurements obtained by GNSS technology. In terms of geometric accuracy, the geometry of the reconstructed point clouds was controlled in three different projects. The achieved geometric accuracy met the criteria of required accuracy defined by clients. Further, the paper provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of such a methodology, as well as a review of the legislation that accompanies UAV systems in Bosnia and Herzegovina / Republika Srpska.</jats:p>

Spriječiti povratak: Provođenje Aneksa VII Dejtonskog sporazuma za mir u Bosni i Hercegovini (1995-2020)

Spriječiti povratak: Provođenje Aneksa VII Dejtonskog sporazuma za mir u Bosni i Hercegovini (1995-2020)

Bosna i Hercegovina u aktuelnim srpskim i hrvatskim političkim koncepcijama

In this article, with some methodological dilemmas, an attempt is made to speak more clearly from a certain historical perspective about the current Serbian and Croatian political conceptions towards Bosnia and Herzegovina, which „produce“ an almost permanent political crisis in this area - from Dayton to today. The continuity and current effects of these policies, which have their roots in some dark historical depths and myths, never changing their essence and their goals, were pointed out. In the current Serbian and Croatian political conceptions, Bosnia and Herzegovina is treated as a „sphere of interest“, which should be mastered as much as possible in peace, if it did not succeed in the war. Serbia and Croatia, in the historical sense, since they have existed as political entities, have been opposed to each other in almost everything. The only thing on which there was a high degree of agreement was the question of the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina, again depending on historical circumstances and other circumstances. (to mention only Tudjman and Milosevic). In the last few years, intensive cooperation and a high degree of „agreement“ between Serbian and Croatian politics have been noticed, again „regarding“ Bosnia and Herzegovina, its status and the definitive post-Dayton division. In this sense, it is not difficult to recognize several common characteristics of both policies. In this article, the author focuses on the following: the first is a declarative and formal public declaration of both to respect the integrity and sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while in practical politics this sovereignty is continuously violated and „trampled“, acting as its „rulers“. . Another common feature is the belittling and labeling of all pro-Bosnian political forces, reducing them to „political Sarajevo“ in the pejorative sense of the word, with multiple offensive and deeper meanings, which, in addition to Milorad Dodik (to make the absurd even greater, as president or member of the Presidency of BiH) from the Serbian one, Zoran Milanović, the current president of Croatia, until yesterday a declared friend of Bosnia and the pro-Bosnian SDP, is increasingly expressing himself in his own way. Obstruction of the process of reforms and rapprochement of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the European Union and NATO membership is the third session of the characteristics of Serbian and Croatian politics (albeit in different versions), while the fourth, denial of decisions and verdicts of the Hague Tribunal for crimes and atrocities is dominant over Bosniaks (again in a different version): Serbs deny genocide verdicts, and Croats deny convictions for the Joint Criminal Enterprise. In addition to common characteristics, this paper highlights some special features of the current Serbian and Croatian policy towards Bosnia and Herzegovina, which, again, boils down to one goal: to strengthen (make independent) the Republika Srpska and cantons with a Croat majority, as well as the position of Croats in Federation with the aim of forming a third entity and at the same time weaken the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina until the question of the meaning of its existence is raised. The state's inability to organize the procurement of coronavirus vaccines is just one of the latest proofs that these destructive political forces have succeeded to a great extent. This article points out the consequences of such a policy and emphasizes the need to stop further degradation and collapse of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a state. Such forces exist, they just have to be activated.

Postdejtonsko traganje za pravdom: Suđenja za ratne zločine u Bosni i Hercegovini pred nadležnim sudovima

The armed conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 1992 to 1995, which ended with the conclusion of the so-called The Dayton Peace Agreement was marked by serious violations of fundamental human rights and freedoms and the commission of horrific war crimes. Prosecution of defendants for these crimes takes place at several levels, ie before: a) the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), b) domestic courts and c) courts of certain foreign states. The paper analyzes certain indicators related to the prosecution of these crimes, their scope and structure, as well as the ratio of convictions and acquittals for certain war crimes, the scope of application of conventional and summary forms of ending criminal cases and court policy of sanctioning perpetrators. It was learned that by the end of 2020, hundreds of criminal proceedings against approximately a thousand defendants had been completed. Most of the accused were prosecuted before the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Court of B&H), followed by the ICTY, and a slightly smaller number before the courts of the former SFRY and some Western European countries. The research established that before the ICTY, out of the total number of accused for war crimes committed in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as many as 90.2% were convicted of some of these crimes, while the rate of convicted in relation to accused before the Court of B&H was 67.2% , and before the courts in the Republic of Serbia 70.2%. It is interesting that before the ICTY as many as 24.3% of the accused were convicted in summary proceedings on the basis of a plea agreement, while before the Court of B&H 13,3% of the accused were convicted using a plea bargaining as a consensual model for ending criminal cases. So far, 22 people have been convicted of the crime of genocide as the most serious crime before the ICTY, the Court of B&H and German courts, and all convictions related to the activities of the Army of Republika Srpska during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Court of B&H, inherited a relatively mild policy of punishing war crimes. Finally, it was found that certain courts, especially Court of B&H, inherited a relatively mild policy of punishing war crimes.

Application of Information Technologies in New Forms of Teaching Processes

Educating young people is one of the most beautiful and humane vocations. The transfer of knowledge to young people and their introduction into the world of science requires a well-prepared and organized educator. The application of information technologies in education has become an everyday tool, so that its role in the educational process has come to the fore during the last two years. The Covid 19 pandemic brought new challenges to the education system in Republika Srpska. The best solutions for the teaching process were sought. At the beginning, the classes were conducted at a distance, last year in classrooms with classes shortened to 20 minutes, and this year the classes again last 45 minutes, with respect to protection measures. The paper will show how the students coped with all these changes and how much their knowledge of information technology helped them in all this. The research includes an analysis of data collected by a survey of high school students and refers to their attitudes towards the performance of the teaching process in the past few years.

CHANGES IN YOUTH NUTRITION HABITS DURING COVID- 19 PANDEMIC THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

The corona virus pandemic has led to disruptions in various parts of the world and thus caused numerous changes in people's lifestyles, including social interactions, the ability to play sports, and even the diet itself. The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which Covid-19 influenced changes in diet in young people. The research was conducted from January to April 2021, on a total sample of 376 respondents from the category of students, from the area of Republika Srpska. SPSS software, version 23.00, was used to process the obtained data. The results, obtained by ANOVA analysis, showed that most of the respondents did not have a problem with food procurement, but higher food consumption was observed during the pandemic. Also, it was confirmed that there are no statistically observed differences in the change of habits during a pandemic, in relation to the gender structure of the respondents. Research has shown that the crisis situation of the pandemic did not affect the change in the intensity of physical activity. The work has a wider social and scientific significance, because it can help to perceive changes in the behavior and habits of young people during crisis situations, such as a pandemic.

Adaptive forest management in the context of climate change (on the example of the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and the Central Black Earth Region of Russia)

The article examines the systems of adaptive forest management in the Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and forest-steppe and steppe regions of the Central Black Earth region of Russia (within the Voronezh region) in the context of climate change, suggests measures for adaptive forest management. The concept of adaptive measures can be useful to rationalize and focus existing views on adaptation and restoration of forests. This area is designed to help reforestation, with particular attention to the ability of ecosystems to self-organize in the future and adapt to changing environmental conditions. adaptive capacity It is imperative to consider new or unparalleled ecosystems to ensure the best mix of ecosystem services in the face of future uncertainties. substantiation of improving models of forestry in the context of climate change and ensuring their practical implementation. Directions for further research in this area should relate to the development of risk-based planning approaches and multi-stakeholder decision-making.

Tax Ofences in Bosnia and Herzegovina

There are two categories of tax offenses in the so-called tax legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and these are criminal offenses and misdemeanors. Unlike tax crimes prescribed exclusively in criminal law (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Brcko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina), tax offenses are prescribed by dozens of laws and bylaws in force at all levels of government. : at the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina, then the entities - Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, cantons, Brcko District and finally cities and municipalities. The taxation system in Bosnia and Herzegovina is conceived and constituted in accordance with its constitutional system and it can be characterized as a hybrid system, but also a very complex system with a complex fiscal structure and divided responsibilities for taxation with direct taxes under the jurisdiction of the entity tax administrations. that is, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republika Srpska and the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The competent institutions at the entity level are the Ministries of Finance (Ministry of Finance of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Ministry of Finance of the Republika Srpska), ie the Finance Directorate of the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On the other hand, indirect taxes are the responsibility of the Indirect Taxation Authority of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while at the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Ministry of Finance has been established within the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Certain Solutions in the Law on Amendments to the Law on Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Srpska

The author deals with the new position of the injured party in criminal proceedings, persons who may refuse to testify and exceptions from the direct presentation of evidence due to the unavailability of witnesses after the amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of Republika Srpska from 2021. Starting from the current regulation of this matter, pointing to the solutions in the comparative legislation, the analysis of these changes indicates the consequences of such inconsistent and in some institutes unnecessary and erroneous standardization of this sensitive matter. Attention is drawn to the contradiction between the decision on the privileged witness and juvenile legislation, which is in line with the conventions protecting their position, and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In that sense, the legislator is critically pointed out the shortcomings of certain solutions and suggests appropriate changes and additions in order to eliminate the problems that may arise during their practical application.

Modeling the Influence of Information Systems on Sustainable Business Performance and Competitiveness

The necessity for sustainable development, the coronavirus pandemic, and conducting business within the frameworks of the fourth industrial revolution—Industry 4.0 create a challenging environment where enterprises have difficulties to achieve and maintain competitiveness. Information is becoming a core construct when it comes to conducting business in the modern, globalized business environment. In this paper, the influence of information systems (IS) on sustainable business performance and competitiveness is analyzed. Additionally, the influence of human resource management (HRM) and decision making (DM) on sustainable business performance and competitiveness, as two crucial constructs in the new paradigm of conducting business, are addressed. The relations are discussed from the aspect of sustainable development and future post-pandemic business trends. The main goal is to determine the relations between the noted constructs in a transitional setting. In sum, 184 manufacturing enterprises from Republika Srpska were surveyed via a structured survey, where the focus was on quantifying and modeling the influence of IS, HRM, and DM on sustainable business performance. The results indicate that IS, HRM, DM can affect business performance in a transitional economic setting. This approach is novel, as the existing body of literature does not address all the noted influencing factors on sustainable business performance and competitiveness in a transition economy. Hence, this paper significantly contributes to the existing body of literature and provides a solid basis for future research in this domain.

The Principle of Constituency of Peoples: An Obstacle to the Achievement of Popular Sovereignty in Bosnia and Herzegovina?

Before the socio-political communities are posted, a very demanding task of defining the subject on whose name will behalf political power is implemented over a given state territory. However, the question about the subject of sovereignty should in no case be misunderstood as an issue of simply theoretical approach. The level of a state’s democracy, as well as its ability to realize internal and external sovereignty, depends entirely on fact: does the power belong to the People and whether it derives from the People. In other words, the issue of popular sovereignty is a substantial, constitutive element of modern democratic states. When we speak about contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina, the functionality of the entire state government is often hindered by the complex decision-making processes at all state levels which lead to obstruction of the entire decision-making process. Such a dysfunctional decision-making process on the state level poses a threat and disables the Bosnian plural society to respond to the modern challenges of a democratic functioning state. The legal nature of Bosnian society is determined by the existence of constituent people who have “usurped” the entire decision-making process. There is still no end in sight to the struggle that leads to an oligarchy of the ruling elites; furthermore, there is still no appropriate socio-political mechanism that will enhance the accountability of the representatives to their voters; it is still inconceivable that decisions of state authorities are effectively and consistently implemented throughout the national territory. In other words, there is still no appropriate mechanism that will enhance the principle of popular sovereignty. It is necessary to “offer” Bosnia and Herzegovina’s pluralism and its political tradition a form of democratic authority which in no way should be a cliché. Furthermore, it may not be one of the “copy-paste” models of democratic authority. Currently, citizens of B&H are completely suspended (de facto, there are only citizens of entities). In the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbs are suspended, while in the Republika Srpska, Bosniacs and Croats cannot equally participate in the decision-making process. An unfinished process of implementation of the Dayton Agreement and, in particular, Annex 4 (the Constitution of B&H), whose provisions permit discrimination against the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the impossibility of the realization of the principle of equality in the exercise of universal suffrage), as well as the non-application of the Decision of the European Court of Human Rights contributes and is conducive to further segmentation of Bosnian society.

Continuity of Unconstitutional and Illegal Action on the Political Scene in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the End of the Xix Century to the Present Day – Reality or Imagination

From the time of the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) until today, there have been occasional but continuous attacks on the territory, the population, and sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina. No matter how the agreements of the Novi Pazar Convention, the Sangermen Peace Treaty, the Vidovdan Constitution, or the Zavnobih principles were violated and circumvented, the attack on the independent, sovereign, and complete BiH, a country of equal peoples and others, ie citizens, continued with equal intensity after the 1990s. XX century until today. The paper presents the continuity of fraud in terms of legal regulations, ie the legal order of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We are witnessing continuous unconstitutional and illegal activities in BiH, and whose political mentors and tutors almost always came from outside BiH, while the concrete action was carried out and is still carried out by certain Bosnian Serb and Croat political entities who often behave completely servilely concerning the national policies of neighboring countries: Croatia and Serbia, but also certain international factors due to the consequences of Islamophobia are often willing to ignore the rule of law and human rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina, what they jealously protect in their countries. The example of promoting the unconstitutional Day of the Republika Srpska entity and the overall state of legal unfoundedness and political hysteria created around it testifies to the claim that the political destiny of this country is still largely conditioned by local servility, and not by correct political-partnership relations with Serbia and Croatia. Given this, it is quite certain that the constitutional consistency and consociational model of democracy as well as the principle of the constituency of the people, although a big noose around the neck of this country on the path to a civil state and full realization of human rights, is extremely important legal and political support in Bosniak and all other patriotic forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which should be used properly in an insincere and ill-intentioned environment. The work in front of you contains two interrelated parts, the first part which refers to several historically important legal documents, from the end of the 19th century, which are mala fide the activity of different subjects, who initially proclaimed them and even stood behind them, played or derogated fraus legis, and the second part indicates the continuity of these actions, both domestically and internationally when it comes to the current time and recent history of political and legal relations in BiH.