Yemen Research Articles

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Infants and Children and Treatment with Microencapsulated Iron II Fumarate and Supplied Ascorbic Acid as “Sprinkles”

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children and infants is a common nutritional problem all over the world. Infants and young children have a high risk for developing iron deficiency (ID) because they have high demand for iron during the period of rapid growth. This is aggravated by the insufficiency of iron in their diet. Iron supplementation programs using pediatric tablets or drops have not been successful in the control of anemia amongst infants and children in some countries. “Sprinkles” is an innovative multi-micronutrient home fortification strategy to control iron deficiency and anemia to be more useful. Objective: The objective was to estimate the prevalence ID and IDA in infants and children in Ibb City, Yemen Republic; evaluate the use of a new form of iron and determine the hematologic response to different doses and forms of iron in Sprinkles and iron drops. Design: Using a prospective, randomized, controlled design, we studied 337 randomly children aged 24 - 48 months and infants aged 6 - 24 months in Ibb City (hemoglobin: 70 - 99 g/L). One group received a daily sachet of microencapsulated ferrous fumarate (80 mg elemental Fe) in powder form plus ascorbic acid to be sprinkled onto any complementary food eaten (sprinkles group); a control group received ferrous sulfate drops 3 times/d for 2 months (total dose: 40 mg elemental Fe). Hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations were measured at baseline and at the end of treatment. Results: Successful treatment of anemia (hemoglobin > 100 g/L) occurred in 58% of the sprinkles group and in 56% of the drops group, with minimal side effects in both groups. Geometric mean ferritin concentrations increased significantly in each group from baseline to the end of treatment (P Conclusion: Use of ferrous sulfate drops or a single daily dose of microencapsulated ferrous fumarate sprinkles plus ascorbicacid resulted in a similar rate of successful treatment of anemia without side effects. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the use of microencapsulated iron sprinkles to treat anemia in this area. Improved ease of use may favor the use of sprinkles to deliver iron.

World tour: Y is for Yemen…

We are nearing the end of our extended adventure around the alphabetical world, but there is time to visit the Yemeni Republic, one of the oldest centres of civilisation in the near east.

Predicting internet banking adoption determinants in yemen usin extended theory of reasoned action

Predicting internet banking adoption determinants in yemen usin extended theory of reasoned action

Potential human health risks from toxic metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides via canned fish consumption: Estimation of target hazard quotients

Canned fish (tuna and sardine) of different geographical regions were collected randomly from supermarkets and were analyzed for heavy metal contents (Hg, Cd and Pb) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and pesticides. Canned fish samples (two brands of sardines, six brands of tuna) that were purchased from Egyptian cities between 2009 and 2010, represent four countries (Morocco, Republic of Yemen, Indonesia and Thailand). Health risks on humans via dietary intake of seafood were assessed by the target hazard quotients (THQs), potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects. The contents of trace metals in canned tuna and canned sardines were found as: 0.149–0.218 μg/g for Cd; 0.312–0.937 μg/g for Pb and 0.053–0.022 μg/g for Hg. Canned sardines fluctuated between 0.55 and 1.82, 1.08 and 1.64, 11.91 and 26.24 ng/g for total HCHs, Total cyclodienes and DDTs respectively while the corresponding concentrations in canned tuna were 0.24–1.85, 0.24–1‥85 and 6.56–49.73 ng/g, respectively. Total PCBs fluctuated between 21.75 and 55.10 for canned sardines and 8.56–208.11 ng/g for canned tuna. On the other hand the total PAHs fluctuated between 0.006–9.775 and 1.556–2.686 ng/g for tuna and sardines. From the human health point of view, there is no adverse health effect for both PAHs and heavy metals content on consumers.

The impact of organizational justice on employee turnover, using Total EP Yemen

This study analyzed the impact of organizational justice as encompassed by three components, namely distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional Justice on employee’s job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. This study included the design and distribution of a self-administered questionnaire to 183 Yemeni employees working for TOTAL EP the individual, who will be satisfied that they have been fairly treated, and the organization which will maintain control over potential challenges and threats from its staff. Key words: Organizational justice, job satisfaction, turnover intention, distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice.

The Quaker Cunning Folk: The Astrology, Magic, and Divination of Philip Roman and Sons in Colonial Chester County, Pennsylvania

Although popular culture has awarded Massachusetts the distinction of being recognized as America's "witchcraft capital," it was Pennsylvania's earliest practitioners of the mystical arts who quietly fostered the archetype of the American "cunning man." Much like their European brethren, these hybrid practitioners of the occult arts often paired the esoteric worldview of the Renaissance magus with the practicality of the traditional sorcerer.

Age, sex and stroke type differences in stroke patients at Mukalla, Hadhramout, Republic of Yemen: Analysis of 1072 cases

Age, sex and stroke type differences in stroke patients at Mukalla, Hadhramout, Republic of Yemen: Analysis of 1072 cases

Snake Bite : Clinical Presentation , Complication and Outcome in Relation to Time of Polyvalent Snake Antivenin in Yemen

The snakebite envenoming is an important medical emergency. The envenoming is a complex medical emergency involving the site of the bite as well as multiple organ system. The symptoms and signs depend on the type and amount of venom injected, location of bite, victims' age, body size and general health conditions. This study clarified the clinical presentations; factors involved in complications and the outcome in relation to timing of polyvalent snake antivenin administration in 50 Patients were selected from cases admitted to Al-Salam Hospital at Saadah, Republic of Yemen. The manifestations of envenoming and complications were recorded. Treated patients were analyzed to determine the factors involved in complications and the outcomes in relation to the timing of polyvalent snake antivenin administration The bitten patients had envenoming (80%), bitten at night (68%), while walking barefooted (84%), complaining from pain (76%) and limb swelling (56%). The systemic manifestations were common only in severe cases and patients attend to the hospital after six hours from snake bite. All patients had envenoming developed coagulation abnormalities. Two cases (4%) died from cerebral hemorrhage and multi organ failure.

The Evolution of Pre‐Islamic South Arabian Coinage: A Metallurgical Analysis of Coins Excavated In Sumhuram (Khor‐Rori, Sultanate of Oman)

The present paper deals with compositional and microstructural features of 26 pre‐Islamic, South Arabian coins recently unearthed during archaeological excavations. Most of the investigated coins come from Sumhuram (Khor Rori, southern Oman), and were minted by the Hadramawt kingdom (fourth century bc to third century ad); only a few of them belong to the Himyarite kingdom's coinage (first to fourth centuries ad). In addition, some coins of both the Hadramawt and the Himyarite kingdoms found at Qani' (B'ir ‘Ali, Republic of Yemen) have been analysed for comparison. Our main focus was to provide new hints towards the comprehension of the chronological evolution in South Arabian coinage in terms of both metal composition and minting techniques. In addition, some melting crucibles found at Sumhuram have been examined in an attempt to make a comparison with the coins’ composition and to test the hypothesis that they were used for minting operations.

Lithostratigraphy, deformation history, and tectonic evolution of the basement rocks, Republic of Yemen: an overview

Basement rocks of presumed Precambrian age, in Yemen Republic (105,000 km 2 ), are exposed in the north- western and southeastern parts of the country. The basement rocks of southern Saudi Arabia and northern parts of Yemen are almost continuous and similar in the lithostratigraphic succession. In spite of the presence of such common basic characteristics for each, there are slight differences of local structural framework and major tectonic events. The struc- tural complexity, great variety of rock units and types, multi- intrusive environments, and multiplicity of metamorphic events in the study basement rocks make the main target of lithostratigraphic analyses, in particular, daunting in the southern Arabian Shield. As reported here, accepting that the southern shield consists of five terranes and suture zones requires a limitation of such tectonic modifications. This led to the renaming of certain formations and groups and the revision of the lithostratigraphic successions for some re- gions. As a result, new lithostratigraphic relationships and names as well as tectonic events are proposed. Based on field and space image data, the basement rocks in Yemen exhibit at least six major phases of deformation (D1 to D6) including intensive brittle and ductile deformations that trend NW-SE and NNE-SSW (in major). Neoarchean rocks are well developed and restricted in the southeastern expo- sures (Al Bayda, Al Mahfid, and Al Mukalla terranes), whereas the final Pan-African cratonization of several rock units is widespread on all terranes, in which the major tectonic events and deformation history were concentrated during pre-Pan-African and early to late Pan-African orog- enies. A correlation and evolution of the Precambrian rocks in Saudi Arabia and Egypt are taken into consideration.

Evaluating the Awareness of E-government in the Republic of Yemen

paper presents the results of a pilot study that was carried out with the aim of examining the awareness of e-government in Yemen. It also investigates the impact of the demographic variables such as age, gender, education, occupation, income and living place on the Yemeni citizens' awareness and perceptions about e-government. Close-ended questions were asked to provide information about the adopters and non- adopters of e-government program. The results reveal a low awareness of the use of e-government in Yemen. Also, the Yemeni culture affects the participation of females in using e-government. KeywordsAwareness, Yemen, demographic variables.

Biological activities of selected basidiomycetes from Yemen.

In a previous paper we demonstrated the results of biological screening of Yemeni basidiomycetes. The present study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and the antioxidant activity of further basidiomycetes collected in Yemen. Dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous extracts of the fruiting bodies of 25 species were screened in vitro for their antibacterial activities against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphyloccocus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus flavus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), against six human fungal pathogens (Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor sp., Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes) and against one non human pathogenic fungus (Candida maltosa). The results indicated that 75 extracts exhibited activity against one or more of the bacteria. The methanol extracts of Agaricus cf. bernardii, Agrocybe pediades, Chlorophyllum molybdites, Coriolopsis polyzona, Ganoderma xylonoides, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Trametes lactinea and Trametes cingulata showed activity against all tested bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity was exhibited by methanol extracts from Chlorophyllum molybdites, Ganoderma xylonoides and Trametes cingulata and Agaricus cf. bernardii, Agrocybe pediades, Coriolopsis polyzona, Pycnoporus sanguineus and Trametes lactinea. The methanol extracts of Chlorophyllum molybdites, Ganoderma xylonoides and Pycnoporus sanguineus showed considerable antifungal activities against the tested fungal strains. Strong antioxidative effects employing the DPPH assay were exhibited by methanol extracts from Chlorophyllum molybdites, Ganoderma xylonoides, Hexagonia velutina, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Trametes lactinea and Trametes cingulata. Our previous and presented studies about 48 basidiomycetes collected in Yemen provide evidence that basidiomycetes from the Arabic region so far should attract more attention as potential source for new biologically active agents.

Oral health status, dental knowledge and behaviors among children and adolescents (8-15) years old in the cities of Baghdad and Thamar

Background: Investigating dental health knowledge among children is important. Knowing what behaviors are right in relation to dental health does not guarantee that children will practice those behaviors. However, lack of knowledge and misconceptions about dental health may lead to behaviors that are harmful to teeth and gum. Baseline data on knowledge levels are required to determine which particular areas of dental health education are in need of improvement for high-risk children living in different geographical areas. This research was conducted to study the oral health status, dental knowledge and behavior in relation to two different cities, among children in Baghdad and Thamar (republic of Yemen) governorate. Materials and Methods: The sample collected was composed of two geographically different groups, first group from Baghdad city: composed of 144 children and adolescents and the second group collected from the city of Thamar (republic of Yemen) composed of 108 of an age range 8-15 years old children. Dental plaque and Gingival health condition was assessed by using plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964),and gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963), Ramfjord index teeth were examined to represent the whole dentition. Oral examination was performed by a single examiner using mouth mirror and dental explorer for each child. Ten questions were fabricated to evaluate the dental health knowledge and behavior of the two groups. Results: This study was recorded that the age group 12-15 years old the significant difference was found in relation to gingival health condition, the dental Knowledge and behaviors was the highly significant difference was found between Baghdad and Thamar group. As well as highly scores of dental knowledge and behavior was significantly related to the dental plaque for both Baghdad and Thamar group. Conclusion: The difference in the geographical location could affect on oral hygiene, dental health knowledge and behavior of the children and adolescent.

Targeted Women and Barred Development in Soqotra, Yemen

Au cours des quinze dernières années, l’archipel de Socotra, au Yémen, a été pris pour cible à la fois par le développement international et par les projets réformistes islamiques visant, entre autres, à régir les rôles et les relations de genre au sein de l’île la plus grande et la plus peuplée, Soqotra. Fondé sur un travail de terrain effectué par intermittence entre 2004 et 2011 dans l’une des premières aires protégées de Soqotra, le présent article examine l’impact des programmes combinés de conservation et de développement sur les rôles joués par les hommes et les femmes dans la vie quotidienne, ainsi que sur les pratiques et les expériences sociales dans un cadre rural. Plus précisément, il met l’accent sur les objectifs et les échecs des interventions ciblant les femmes rurales, et montre comment ceux-ci ont conduit, paradoxalement, à réduire l’“empowerment” des femmes sur le terrain. En outre, il analyse, dans un même lieu, les croisements surprenants et les négociations entre, d’un côté, les interventions de développement menées par l’État — et par les acteurs internationaux —, et, de l’autre, les influences piétistes transnationales, pour montrer comment les choix des femmes, leurs réseaux et leurs possibilités sont simultanément élargis et limités dans le contexte de ces récentes transformations socio-économiques et géospatiales.

Ingrid Hehmeyer and Hanne Schönig (eds), with the collaboration of Anne Regourd, Herbal Medicine in Yemen: Traditional Knowledge and Practice, and their Value for Today’s World

La medecine par les herbes connait aujourd’hui un regain d’interet comme une alternative bienvenue a la biomedecine, souvent denoncee comme « chimique » et agressive. De multiples filieres de formation attestent de l’engouement de la societe occidentale pour la natura medicatrix. Mais, douees d’une efficacite therapeutique mal connue et mal maitrisee, les plantes medicinales restent encore largement a etudier. Confronter les usages « traditionnels » yemenites de ces plantes avec l’exploratio...

Report on Zubair Group (Yemen)

Report on Zubair Group (Yemen)

Telling Apart Ornithopod and Theropod Trackways: A Closer Look at a Large, Late Jurassic Tridactyl Dinosaur Trackway at Serwah, Republic of Yemen

A large bipedal tridactyl dinosaur trackway from the Late Jurassic of Serwah, near Madar, Arhab district, Republic of Yemen, has been attributed to an ornithopod trackmaker. As the distinction between theropod and ornithopod dinosaurs can pose a challenge, we present additional data to support and reconfirm the previous attribution.

Ecological distribution of snakes' fauna of Jazan region of Saudi Arabia

This study was carried out in Jazan region in the Southwestern part of Saudi Arabia, bounded in the south and east by the Republic of Yemen, Asir area in thenorth and the Red Sea in the west. The study area is one of the richest regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with animal biodiversity, where the region is characterized by the presence of a large group of wild animals that belong to different animal families. This work is devoted to the study of the biodiversity and geographical and ecological distribution of snakes found in the region. The results showed that there are 36 species of eight families of snakes living in Jazan region; family Typholopidae represented by two species, while families Leptotypholopidae, Boidae and Atractaspididae represented by one species only respectively; whereas family Colubridae was the most represented one having 12 species, and family Elapidae was represented by three species. Family Viperidae was represented by six species and family Hydrophiidae represented by ten species. Nevertheless, this work concentrated on terrestrial snakes. This work was suggested to throw light on the biodiversity of snakes' fauna in Jazan region as an important part of the ecosystem that has to be maintained. Since there are no enough studies on the animal species in the region. The study included also the discussion of snakes that were ecologically surveyed in the study area according to: zoogeography and temporal distribution, mode of feeding, type of food and behavior. Despite the fact that these snakes may be harmful to human life in some cases, it may also be useful to him in many aspects of life, the study showed the relationship between these snakes and human. It also threw light on the economical, medical, and scientific importance of these snakes as well as their importance for the process of environmental balance. The study presented some methods of the conservation of these species as one of the natural resources that must be maintained for not being a victim of extinction.

Petrogenetic evolution of basaltic lavas from Balhaf–Bir Ali Plio-Quaternary volcanic field, Arabian Sea, Republic of Yemen

The Plio-Quaternary Balhaf–Bir Ali volcanic field (BBAVF) constitutes one of the largest volcanic fields in SE Yemen, covering some 500 km2. It comprises cinder cones complexes associated with vesicular lava flows and scoria–spatter cones. In many places, ultramafic xenoliths are encountered within these volcanics. The explosive volcanism is mainly of alkaline character including alkali olivine basalt, hawaiite and mugearite together with subordinate tuffaceous trachytes. Major, trace and REEs data from the basaltic rocks of the BBAVF are interpreted in terms of a mantle-lithospheric origin in which crustal contribution during the initial stage of rift magmatism has occurred. Magma genesis may have resulted from plume-derived melt introducing into the base of the lithosphere. A mantle plume source is proposed for the Balhaf–Bir Ali basaltic lavas that are here interpreted as having been generated by partial melting of garnet lherzolite in the uppermost part of asthenosphere. The magmatic evolution of Balhaf–Bir Ali volcanic field may be accounted for by the recent models developed for plume structure.

English Translation of Ibn Hishsam’s Siratun-Nabi (Peace be upon Him) Topic [III] PP. 23-31

This paper is continuity of the translation into English of Ibn Hashsham's Book: Siratun-Nabi (peace be upon him) and contains the fourth topic that relates to the state of Rabi'ah Bin Nasr, the Ruler of Yemen, and the States of Shiqq and Satih, the Foretellers (Kahins).