Moldova Research Articles

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® treatment: additional results from a 24-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® treatment: additional results from a 24-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial Anatol Nacu,1 Robert Hoerr21Clinical Psychiatry Hospital, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy Nicolae Testemiţanu, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova; 2Clinical Research Department, Dr Willmar Schwabe GmbH and Co. KG, Karlsruhe, GermanyBackground: In randomized controlled trials, Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® has proven to be effective in the treatment of dementia.Trial registration: Clinical-Trials.ru 390378.Patients and methods: In pre-specified descriptive analyses of data from a recently published trial, we examined the effects of EGb 761® on specific neuropsychiatric symptoms. In a 24-week, double-blind, multi-center trial, 410 outpatients with mild to moderate dementia and clinically significant neuropsychiatric symptoms were enrolled and randomized to receive 240 mg/day EGb 761® or placebo. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory composite score and the SKT short cognitive performance test were prospectively defined as co-primary outcomes; caregiver distress scores and single item scores were prospectively defined as secondary outcomes.Results: Post-baseline efficacy data were available for 402 patients included in the full analysis set. Neuropsychiatric Inventory composite and caregiver distress scores improved significantly more under EGb 761® treatment than under placebo (P

Colorectal cancer screening in countries of European Council outside of the EU-28.

To provide an update on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes in non-European Union (EU)-28 Council of Europe member states as of December 2015. The mission of the Council of Europe is to protect and promote human rights in its 47 member countries. Its 19 non-EU member states are Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska, Georgia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Republic of Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Switzerland, FYR of Macedonia, Turkey, and Ukraine (EU-19). The main data source were GLOBOCAN, IARC, WHO, EUCAN, NORDCAN, ENCR, volume X of the CI5, the ministerial and Public Health Agency websites of the individual countries, PubMed, EMBASE, registries of some websites and the www.cochranelibrary.com, Scopus, www.clinicaltrials.gov, www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu, Research gate, Google and data extracted from screening programme results. Our results show that epidemiological data quality varies broadly between EU-28 and EU-19 countries. In terms of incidence, only 30% of EU-19 countries rank high in data quality as opposed to 86% of EU-28 states. The same applies to mortality data, since 52% of EU-19 countries as against all EU-28 countries are found in the high ranks. Assessment of the method of collection of incidence data showed that only 32% of EU-19 countries are found in the top three quality classes as against 89% of EU-28 countries. For the mortality data, 63% of EU-19 countries are found in the highest ranks as opposed to all EU-28 member states. Interestingly, comparison of neighbouring countries offering regional screening shows, for instance, that incidence and mortality rates are respectively 38.9 and 13.0 in Norway and 29.2 and 10.9 in Sweden, whereas in Finland, where a national organised programme is available, they are respectively 23.5 and 9.3. Cancer screening should be viewed as a key health care tool, also because investing in screening protects the weakest in the population, decreases the social burden of cancer, and reduces all types of health care costs, including those for radical surgery, long-term hospitalisation, and chemotherapy.

The Sustainability of Public Finances in Republic of Moldova Under EU Fiscal Rules

This paper analyses public finances sustainability in the Republic of Moldova under the European Union fiscal rules, by estimating the structural budget balance indicator using a three steps methodology. We concluded that, except for 2009, the Republic of Moldova complies with the Maastricht numerical fiscal rule; however it does not comply with the new fiscal rules regarding the structural deficit and public expenditures growth that had been set by the Fiscal Compact. The fact that budget deficits and public debt had been sustainable was mainly because of the concessions made by the external creditors in restructuring the public debt and was not a merit of national government. Moreover, since the regular budget deficit and the structural one tell different stories, we strongly advocate for using the latter in order to complement the existing data with a medium-term budgetary view.

Analysis of the Greek Amphorae Discovered in the Barrow no. 7 at Crihana Veche (Republic of Moldova)

The article presents an analysis of the amphora material from the excavation of grave no. 2 of the Scythian burial mound no. 7 near the village of Crihana Veche in the Republic of Moldova. In the burial mound of the local aristocrat, which was twice robbed in ancient times, along with the remnants of ornaments, weapons, and other objects used in the funeral ceremony, fragments of Greek amphorae were found (both in the burial and in the grave goods), which belonged to only one Greek center of production – Thasos. More than 27 Thasian amphorae in which expensive wine was brought in, as well as other ritual funerary objects, indicate that the man buried there had a special position in the local hierarchy. Also important for research are five amphora stamps on the handles of the Thasian amphorae, which confirm the dating of amphora fragments and indicate the exact sequence of activity of two Thasian magistrates, which previously did not have a basis of support. This funerary complex is singular for the fact that only Thasian amphorae of the same type were found in the burial (usually Heraclean amphorae were put in Scythian burials), which indicates the uniqueness of this complex in the territory between the Prut and Dniester Rivers, and the north-west Black Sea region as a whole.

The Sustainability of Public Finances in Republic of Moldova Under EU Fiscal Rules

This paper analyses public finances sustainability in the Republic of Moldova under the European Union fiscal rules, by estimating the structural budget balance indicator using a three steps methodology. We concluded that, except for 2009, the Republic of Moldova complies with the Maastricht numerical fiscal rule; however it does not comply with the new fiscal rules regarding the structural deficit and public expenditures growth that had been set by the Fiscal Compact. The fact that budget deficits and public debt had been sustainable was mainly because of the concessions made by the external creditors in restructuring the public debt and was not a merit of national government. Moreover, since the regular budget deficit and the structural one tell different stories, we strongly advocate for using the latter in order to complement the existing data with a medium-term budgetary view.

Total Factor Productivity Approach in Competitiveness Determination of the Enterprises from the Horticultural Sector of the Republic of Moldova

Abstract The competitiveness of enterprises has a special place in the studies of the scientists from all over the world, being a very popular concept and measured by various indicators. In the modern scientific literature exists more than 100 methods of enterprises competitiveness evaluation. The term of competitiveness of enterprises cannot be separated from the competitiveness of the products, services created within the enterprises. In this scientific research was analysed the competitiveness of the enterprises from the horticultural sector of the Republic of Moldova using the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) indicator, which reflects how efficiently an enterprise uses all the means of production (total inputs) to produce outputs. The basic purpose of this scientific research is to reveal the importance and the advantages of the TFP approach in competitiveness determination of the enterprises from the horticultural sector of the Republic of Moldova; to analyse how different factors are influencing the competitiveness of enterprises and to propose recommendations in order to increase the competitiveness of the agricultural enterprises from the horticultural sector of the Republic of Moldova.

Cartel Agreements in the Republic of Moldova Theoretical and Practical Aspects

This article reviews the normative acts of the Republic of Moldova in the field of competition law, highlighting the innovative and progressive character of the recently adopted law on competition. Although legal provisions closely correspond to European norms, the practice of the competition authority remains flawed. A few years after the adoption of this law, there are very few cartels detected, and most of them are evaluated both by the Competition Council, and later by the courts without a fundamental knowledge of this area and European practices which represent the basis of the recently adopted legal provisions.

ORGANIZATION OF FORENSIC MEDICAL SERVICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

This article provides a brief historical sketch of the formation of the Centre of Forensic Medicine of the Republic of Moldova in the mid-20th century.In general, presented the organizational structure of forensic services at the moment, kind of ongoing research and expertise, as well as their annual volume, the relationship between the CSM, the Department of Forensic Medicine MPSU them. Nicolae Testemitanu and scientific societies. Currently in the Republic is in the process of reforming the justice system, which affects the system of forensic examination. As part of this process, the working group, composed of representatives of all structures of the judicial examination of the Republic, analyzed existing in the world models of the organization of the services of a forensic examination for the purpose of optimum development for the Republic of Moldova the model taking into account the needs andexisting traditions of the country.Оrganization of forensic medical service is a dynamic process, various factors are involved and must meet the requirements of societyon a certain stage of its development. In this respect, it is important to study the state of Affairs in different countries and exchange of experience in scientific forums, and study tours.

Retrospective financial analysis of medicines reimbursement services in community pharmacy

Background A problem for middle-income countries is unequal access to medicines. In Republic of Moldova (RM), reimbursed medicines did not decrease the burden of expenditures for medicines. In this context, the aim of this study was: evaluation of financial attractiveness for community pharmacies to provide medicine reimbursement services and factors that influence this process. Methods As methods of study we used a survey, direct observation, break-even analysis [1] and literature review. The research was started in April 2014 and ended in May 2015. The study addressed revision of mark-up applied by wholesale and retail companies for reimbursed medicines, to improve availability and affordability for the out-patient sector on reimbursed medicines [3] and to

EVALUATION OF THE TRANSPLANT SYSTEM IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

The evaluation of the transplant system in the Republic of Moldova is a form of health policy survey which analyses the transplant system as an integrant part of the medical services provided to the population and its social, medical and legal implications. The article aims at reviewing the key issues which should lay at the foundation of the development of the transplant system in the Republic of Moldova throughout the period 2010-2014, according to the principles of the European Union’s Acquis Communautaire in the field of healthcare. Further development of the options subject to the analysis will allow to improve the organization and the operation of the transplant system, including law modifications, allocation of financial and human resources, quality assurance and safety of transplant procedures. Keywords: transplant system, transplantation activities, living donor, deceased donor.

Food Consumption Frequency at Students from Rural Areas from Moldova Republic

Abstract Objective: Our study aim to evaluate the characteristics of nutrition behavior at teenagers from Moldova’s rural area schools in order to make a profile of risk behavior related to diet and to implement efficient community intervention programs. Methods: We studied in 2014 the daily frequency consumption of the main food groups, in a sample of 1236 students of 7th-12th class, from rural localities of the Republic of Moldova, using the questionnaire method. Results: The teenagers had consumed on the day preceding the interview, cereals and bakery products – 99.2%, fruits – 86.7%, cooked vegetables – 72.6%, meat dishes – 72.1%, potatoes – 50.3%, dairy products – 46.9%, raw vegetables – 44.7%, eggs – 25.3%, fish – 19.4%, raw fruits juice – 14.8%, legumes – 12.5% of students. From those investigated 52.6% have consumed food with high fat content higher than recommended levels. Regarding the food groups present in the menu we registered a satisfactory level of consumption by the students for cereals and bakery products, fruits, cooked vegetables and meat dishes; relatively satisfactory - the consumption of dairy products, raw vegetables and potatoes; unsatisfactory level for the consumption of eggs, fish and legumes. Conclusions: We sustain the idea that it is important to constantly evaluate the risk factors related to the inadequate diet at teenagers and to implement efficient community intervention in order to prevent nutrition related diseases that can occur.

Clarification of homonymy (misnaming) for a grapevine cultivar in Georgia: the case of 'Moldova' alias 'Aladasturi'

Two different grape cultivars are grown in Georgia under the name 'Aladasturi', one in the West and one in the East part of the Country. Investigation of ampelographic and ampelometric parameters and nuclear microsatellite markers demonstrated, that the cultivar from West Georgia is the real Georgian autochthonous wine and table grape cultivar 'Aladasturi', while the cultivar from East Georgia is the table grape cultivar 'Moldova' with high resistance to downy mildew, obtained in the Republic of Moldova in the 1960s. This cultivar was probably introduced to Georgia in the period of 1970-1980s. Similarity of berry and bunch characteristics of 'Moldova' and 'Aladasturi' might be the reason for creation of homonymy, respectively misnaming. The homonymous 'Aladasturi' finally turned out to be a misnomer.

Are Sexual and Reproductive Health Policies Designed for All? Vulnerable Groups in Policy Documents of Four European Countries and Their Involvement in Policy Development.

Health policies are important instruments for improving population health. However, experience suggests that policies designed for the whole population do not always benefit the most vulnerable. Participation of vulnerable groups in the policy-making process provides an opportunity for them to influence decisions related to their health, and also to exercise their rights. This paper presents the findings from a study that explored how vulnerable groups and principles of human rights are incorporated into national sexual and reproductive health (SRH) policies of 4 selected countries (Spain, Scotland, Republic of Moldova, and Ukraine). It also aimed at discussing the involvement of vulnerable groups in SRH policy development from the perspective of policy-makers. Literature review, health policy analysis and 5 semi-structured interviews with policy-makers were carried out in this study. Content analysis of SRH policies was performed using the EquiFrame analytical framework. The study revealed that vulnerable groups and core principles of human rights are differently addressed in SRH policies within 4 studied countries. The opinions of policy-makers on the importance of mentioning vulnerable groups in policy documents and the way they ought to be mentioned varied, but they agreed that a clear definition of vulnerability, practical examples, and evidences on health status of these groups have to be included. In addition, different approaches to vulnerable group's involvement in policy development were identified during the interviews and the range of obstacles to this process was discussed by respondents. Incorporation of vulnerable groups in the SRH policies and their involvement in policy development were found to be important in addressing SRH of these groups and providing an opportunity for them to advocate for equal access to healthcare and exercise their rights. Future research on this topic should include representatives of vulnerable communities which could help to build a dialogue and present the problem from multiple perspectives.

, --------------- C (Key Indicators of Competitiveness of Armenia, Moldova, and Tajikistan in the Light of Economic and Trade Cooperation with CU)

Russian Abstract: В данной статье рассматривается относительная конкурентоспособность Армении, Молдовы и Таджикистана по основным торгово-экономическим характеристикам по отношению к странам-членам Таможенного союза. Авторами проведен анализ основных торговых показателей данных стран и индексов, отражающих конкурентоспособность. Согласно различным показателям конкурентоспособности, Армения, Молдова и Таджикистан находятся в худшем положении, чем страны ТС и ЕЭП. При этом некоторые отдельные ориентированные на экспорт отрасли являются конкурентоспособными. Показано, что вступление в Таможенный союз может негативно сказаться на экономиках этих стран из-за повышения тарифов до уровня ЕТТ ТС.English Abstract: This article examines the relative competitiveness of Armenia, Moldova and Tajikistan, according to their main trade and economic characteristics towards the member countries of the Customs Union. Authors analyzed the main trading indicators of these countries and the indexes reflecting their competitiveness. According to various indicators of competitiveness, Armenia, Moldova and Tajikistan are inferior to the CU countries and the CES. However, some individual-oriented export industries are competitive. It is shown that the accession to the Customs Union can adversely affect the economies of these countries because of tariffs increaseby the level of CCT CU.

In Memoriam: Slavik Jablan 1952–2015

After a long and brave battle with a serious illness, our dear friend and colleague Slavik Jablan passed away on 26 February 2015. [...]

306 National Registry of patients with cystic fibrosis in the Republic of Moldova in 2009–2014

Objectives Presentation of epidemiological characteristic features of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), Registry of Republic of Moldova during 2009–2014. Methods National Registry of patients with CF in the Republic of Moldova was elaborated from 2009. This database was eligible for European CF Registry and from 2009 Republic of Moldova is represented by patients with CF in this document of ECFS. Results The number of patients eligible for CF Registry is increasing for the period 2009–2014 (43, 51, 57, 58, 61, 62 patients, respectively). There is a rising number of adult patients with CF from 14% (2009) to 20% (2014). The average age of children ( Conclusion National Registry of patients with cystic fibrosis in the Republic of Moldova shows an increase in the number of patients for the period 2009–2014, increasing age index and an stable index of lethality.

8 Molecular diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in the population of the Republic of Moldova

Objective Evaluation the spectrum of the CFTR mutations in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients from Republic of Moldova. Methods Were investigates 140 Moldavian patients with CF aged from 1 month to 28 years (74 male and 66 female) from 1992 to 2014. 9 mutations (F508del, G542X, N1303K, W1282X, R117H, G551S, R347P, R334W, R553X) in CFTR gene determined by PCR, 15 patients were analysed for 35–36 mutations jointly with Center of Cystic Fibrosis, Bordeaux, France, and Department of Genetics of University Clinic in Hannover, Germany. Results 17 mutations in CFTR gene were identified in 61.43% investigated chromosomes. In 59 patients (42.14%) both alleles were mutant. In 56 (40.0%) was detected one mutation, and another mutation remain unidentified. More prevalent were genotypes: F508del/F508del (47 cases), F508del in unidentified mutation (55 cases). F508del was detected in 103 patients (73.57%). Allele frequencies were: 53.21% (F508del), 1.79% (G542X), 1.07% (2789+5G>A), 1.07% (2184insA), 0.71% (N1303K), 0.71% (3849+10 kbC->T), 0.71% (1898+G>A), other mutations were in Conclusion We are revealed fact what in Moldavian patients more prevalent “severe” mutations and rare mutations, more than 1/3 of them remains unidentified. To improve DNA diagnosis of CF in Moldova we are propose to extend the range of analysed mutations in CFTR gene.

Identification and assay of the flavonoids in medicinal plants with hepatoprotective action

The article describes the identification and assay of the flavonoids in medicinal plants with hepatoprotective action, harvested as a culture at the Cultivation Center of the Medicinal Plants within State University of Medicine and Pharmacy „Nicolae Testemițanu” from the Republic of Moldova, using Pharmacopoeia methods. The flavonoids, found in the examined medicinal product, are responsible for hepatoprotective activity due to antioxidant activity, exhibited by neutralizing free radicals. The flavonoids were identified by using the Chinode method and thin layer chromatography, operating with 3 systems of solvents, and as biomarkers rutine, quercetine and luteolin ewere used. The results of the quantitative analysis point out that the content of the flavonoids determined by using spectrophotometric method is in the range of 0.620% to 1.204%, in studied vegetal products.

Some neural and hemato-immune factors correlated with lysozime saliva level in children living on territories polluted by radionucleides

Seniv T S, Seniv R A, Flyunt I S, Uhryn M R, Zukow W. Some neural and hemato-immune factors correlated with lysozime saliva level in children living on territories polluted by radionucleides. Journal of Education , Health and Sport . 2015;5(5): 275-282 . ISSN 2391-8306 . DOI 10.5281/zenodo.17737 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%285%29%3A275-282 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/560515 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17737 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartośc merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., ze w roku 2014 nie bedzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktow co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.02.2015. Revised 27.04.2015. Accepted: 08.05.2015. SOME NEURAL AND HEMATO-IMMUNE FACTORS CORRELATED WITH LYSOZIME SALIVA LEVEL IN CHILDREN LIVING ON TERRITORIES POLLUTED BY RADIONUCLEIDES T S Seniv 1 , R A Seniv 1 , I S Flyunt 2 , M R Uhryn 2 , W Zukow 3 1 Clinical Sanatorium “Moldova”, Truskavets’, Ukraine san_moldova@mail.ru 2 Faculty of Physical Education Ivan Franko University, Drohobych, Ukraine 3 Faculty of Physical Education, Health and Tourism, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland Summary Objective. We know that children who live on territories polluted by radionucleides, characterized, among other things, increased prevalence diseases to caries and periodontitis. On the other hand, for the rest of this contingent characterized by dysfunction of the neuroendocrine-immune complex. We set a goal to find out the relationships saliva lysozyme activity - a key factor in antibacterial protection of the oral cavity - with some blood-neural and immune factors. Methods. The study involved 80 children aged 10-17 years, who arrived to the spa Truskavets’ from territories polluted by radionucleides. In addition to the activity of lysozyme in saliva, recorded parameters of immune status I-II levels of WHO, HRV, Stange and Hench tests, and conducted routine clinical tests. Results. Normal activity of saliva lysozyme pronounced only in 17 (21%) children. Regarding immunity parameters detected significant positive correlation activity of lysozyme with the intensity (r=0,49) and activity (r=0,34) phagocytosis by neutrophils blood Staph. aureus and concentration of serum IgM (r=0,34) and circulating immune complexes (r=0,30), whereas a negative correlation with the levels of IgA (r=-0,46), CD19 + B lymphocytes (r=-0,32) theophilinsensitive T lymphocytes (r=-0,26) and CD8 + T lymphocytes (r=-0,23). Among the HRV parameters with the activity of lysozyme only weakly correlated markers vagal tone RMSSD (r=-0,19) i PSD HF (r=-0,19). The observed negative correlation lysozyme activity of inspiratory test Stange (r=-0,47) and expiratory test Hench (r=-0,27). Among hemogram parameters significantly correlated with the activity of lysozyme only platelet level (r=-0,22). The canonical correlation between saliva lysozyme activity and registered blood-neural and immune factors proved strong (R=0,82). Conclusion. Reduced activity of lysozyme in saliva of children, who live on territories polluted by radionucleides, is one of the manifestations of dysfunction neuroendocrine-immune complex. Keywords: saliva lysozyme, immunity, HRV, Stange and Hench tests, children.

Economic Productivity Flip-Flop in the Danube Countries

Productivity emphasizes the strength and vigor of an economy, but could we use it to capture the strength and vigor of the society within which the economic processes take place? This paper analyzes economic productivity in relation with its social dimension. The research hypothesis on which the paper is built is that measuring economic productivity reveals the economic results, but hides the social effects. In order to test the hypothesis we start by computing the capital and labor productivity of the selected countries, scores which in a subsequent stage are summed up in order to establish the total productivity. Further in our analysis we adjust the level of productivity through three equations meant to reflect the fairness of the income distribution, the level of human development and also the sustainability of the economic processes that generate the computed levels of productivity. The paper uses the methodology developed by the author in a previous study. The countries chosen for the empirical analysis are the Danube countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Croatia, Hungary, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Serbian Republic, Slovak Republic and Ukraine. The research is based on statistical data provided by the World Bank, the Global Footprint Network, Eurostat and the UNDP. All the data we use in this study is for the year 2007, the purpose of the paper being to test the model developed and not to capture current events. The results confirm the hypothesis, showing that the levels of productivity would be much lower if economic activity were scaled by its social implications.