Republic Of Buryatia Research Articles

Summer daily dynamics of the vertical structure of atmospheric aerosol over Baikal coastal area from ground-based lidar measurements

ABSTRACT The spatial structure of atmospheric aerosol over Baikal in summer is studied on a regular basis with the use of ground-based LOSA-M2 lidar measurements at the Boyarsky scientific station of the Institute of Physical Material Science, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (51.83°N, 106.06°E, 456 m a.s.l.), Republic of Buryatia, Russia. The lake is located in a basin surrounded by mountain ranges on all side; its water volume is large. The lidar data are analysed along with the regional meteorological situation and meteorological parameters of the atmosphere. The daily dynamics of aerosol distribution over the atmospheric is examined for the period from 2015 to 2023 accounting the effect of different air masses in the region. Three main typical air circulation types are identified for the coastal zone of southern Baikal in summer, which determine the atmospheric aerosol generation and transport. The first and most common type relates to breeze circulation, where the main changes in the spatial structure of aerosol occur in the 2–3-km layer and are determined by changes in the transport direction within a breeze cell during the day. The main feature of this type is a decrease in the altitude of an air layer which contains most of aerosol in the lower atmosphere up to 1 km. The second type refers to southwestern transport under the presence of an anticyclone over the region. The maximal altitude of the aerosol layers attains 7 km in this case. The most complex and dynamic changes in the daily spatial structure of atmospheric aerosol occurred under transport of cyclones and associated atmospheric fronts over Lake Baikal. Under this third type, the altitude of the aerosol layers decreases throughout the day within the altitude range from the surface to 3–4 km.

Factors associated with uterine fibroids in women of reproductive age: A cross-sectional study

Background. Uterine fibroids is a benign monoclonal tumor originating from the smooth muscle layer of the uterus. Non-modifiable risk factors for the development of uterine fibroids, such as age, ethnicity, age at menarche, etc, have been studied quite extensively, while the role of many controllable factors remains debatable.The aim of the study. To identify the main modifiable factors associated with uterine fibroids in women of reproductive age living in the Baikal region, including certain ethnic groups.Materials and methods. We carried out a multicenter cross-sectional study in 2016–2019 in institutions of Irkutsk and Bokhan (Irkutsk region) and Ulan-Ude (Republic of Buryatia). The subjects of the study were women to have annual workplace medical examination. The study included 1,347 participants of reproductive age (34.33 ± 6.37 years) who met the inclusion criteria. Among all women included in the study, there were 867 (64.37 %) Caucasians, 361 (26.80 %) Asians, and 119 (8.83%) women of mixed (Caucasian-Asian), ethnicity. The research methods included a questionnaire, general clinical and gynecological examination, and pelvic ultrasound examination.Results. According to our study, the main non-modifiable factors associated with the presence of uterine fibroids were: Asian ethnicity; age at menarche 12–13 years; age of the study participant 40–44 years; menopausal symptoms; adenomyosis. The “controllable” factors included: city residency; body mass index over 40 kg/m2; history of abortions and miscarriages; metabolic syndrome; using combined oral contraceptives; lack of sexual activity; smoking; presence of anumber of occupational hazards.Conclusion. Our study identified the main controllable factors associated with the presence of uterine fibroids in a multiethnic population of women of reproductive age.

Assessment of soil pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Ulan-Ude

: For the first time, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contamination of the soil cover of Ulan-Ude, the capital of the Republic of Buryatia, was studied. The content of 16 individual polyarenes was analyzed in the upper horizon of background chestnut and urban soils, sampled during soil and geochemical survey in July–August 2022. The average concentration of total PAHs in the soil cover of Ulan-Ude was 735 ng/g, which was 8 times as much as the concentration in the background soils (87 ng/g). The PAH amount in the soil of various functional zones decrease in the following order: railway transport > motor traffic > industrial > one-story residential > multi-story residential > recreational. At the same time, the amount of PAHs in the railway transport zone was 2.6–5.2 times higher than in other functional zones, which indicates that railway transport is the most powerful source of PAHs in the city. Contamination of soils with polyarenes in all functional zones is determined primarily by medium- (46%) and high-molecular-weight (41%) compounds. Among PAHs with low molecular weight, phenanthrene prevailed (9% of the total PAHs), but medium-molecular-weight fluoranthene (18%) and pyrene (13%) showed higher share; high-molecular-weight compounds dominated by benzo(ghi)perylene (12%), benzo(b)fluoranthene (10%), indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (8%) and benzo(a)pyrene (6%). The total amount of 16 PAHs in the soil cover of the city varied within the range of 17–9 540 ng/g. The highest levels of pollution (3 226–9 540 ng/g) were recorded at 9 sampling points (4% of the city), which form the most contrasting local PAH anomalies. In more than half of the territory of Ulan-Ude, the total amount of PAHs did not exceed 500 ng/g. The indicator ratios of individual PAHs made it possible to determine the dominant types of sources, which include railway transport and coal combustion. The contribution to the environmental hazard of soil contamination with PAHs in Ulan-Ude was mainly made by benzo(a)pyrene (64%) and, to a lesser extent, by benzo(b)fluoranthene (9.6%), indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (7.2%), dibenzo(ah)anthracene (6.5%) and benzo(a)anthracene (6.1%).

Актуальные тенденции организации медицинской помощи в условиях пандемии COVID‑19 (на примере региона Дальнего Востока РФ).

In Russia, during the coronavirus pandemic (2020–2021), there was a sharp increase in mortality, a deterioration in medical and demographic indicators, and as a result, the burden on the medical care system increased, both at the federal and regional levels. T h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s s t u d y is to study current trends in the organization of medical care in the context of a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection at the level of the Far East region (Republic of Buryatia). M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . The study was conducted on the basis of official statistical observation data from Rosstat, the Russian Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Buryatia and the results of an expert survey. Methods of statistical, comparative analysis, study and generalization of experience, and sociological methods were used. Data processing was performed using SPSS22 and MS Excel 2007 software packages. R e s u l t s . In the course of the study, current trends in the organization of medical care in the context of the coronavirus infection COVID‑19 pandemic were examined using the example of the Far East region – the Republic of Buryatia, and an analytical comparison was made with all-Russian indicators. C o n c l u s i o n s . The results of the study can be used in strategic planning for the development of healthcare in other territories of the Russian Federation.

Functional Activity of the Antioxidant System of Artemisia Genus Plants in the Republic of Buryatia (Russia) and Its Significance in Plant Adaptation.

Plants are sessile organisms and any changes in environmental factors activate various responses and defense mechanisms. Artemisia plants widely inhabit harsh conditions of arid and semiarid ecosystems. Using two species-a subshrub, Artemisia frigida, and an annual-biennial herb, Artemisia scoparia-the functioning of the antioxidant system of plants in semiarid territories have been examined. The activity of enzymatic antioxidants and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants in both species as well as the antiradical activity of their extracts have been shown. Although the plants were collected in areas differing in moisture supply, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants corresponds to their physiological level, within the range of the norm of reaction, in wormwood. Consequently, conditions of differing moisture deficiency do not cause a specific biochemical response at the level of the antioxidant system in the studied species, which confirms their adaptability to these conditions. Meanwhile, A. frigida plants show greater morphological and biochemical plasticity than A. scoparia under changing growth conditions. Both species contain tissue monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, the emission of which provides additional protection against high temperatures and drought. Their composition and contents of phenolic components illustrates the differences in adaptation between perennial and annual plants.

Model of Spatial and Sectoral Development of Regions on the Basis of Interregional Interaction

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of spatial and sectoral development of regions on the basis of interregional interaction. The main scientific research within the framework of the spatial approach carried out since 2000 is presented. It has been shown that the work of domestic modern scientists is focused on finding spatial and sectoral priorities for building effective models of mutually beneficial cooperation between the regions of the country. On the example of the Republic of Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory (as regions with positive economic complementarity), an assessment of the localization coefficient of the type of activity and the per capita production coefficient was carried out. The main problems and threats similar to the analyzed regions are presented, including: relatively low growth rate of the average per capita gross regional product in comparison with the average Russian level; relatively low investment attractiveness and an unfavorable institutional environment; incomplete use of production facilities; and low efficiency of realization of economic potential. Spatial and sectoral priorities have been identified; a model of mutually beneficial interregional interaction between the Republic of Buryatia and the Zabaykalsky Krai was built, ensuring the growth of the economies of integrating regions. It was concluded that the territorial division of the Russian Federation into macro-regions makes it possible to consider all possible vectors of interregional interaction from the standpoint of effective implementation of the synergistic potential of their spatial and sectoral development.

To the moss flora of the Tunka National Park (Sayan-Dzhida upland, Republic of Buryatia)

For the first time, a study of the moss flora of the Sayan-Dzhida Upland was conducted in 2018 and 2022 (Tunka National Park, Republic of Buryatia). A total of 239 moss species and 1 variety have been identified. Among them, there are 5 species new to the moss flora of Buryatia (Blindiadelphus diversifolius, Fissidens exilis, Leptopterigynandrum decolor, Schistidium frigidum, and Ulota hutchinsiae). New localities for five species listed in the Red Data Book of Buryatia (2013) are given: Didymodon perobtusus, Lescuraea incurvata, Plagiomnium acutum, Rhizomnium andrewsianum, and Struckia enervis. There are 73 moss species new for the Park. The features of the studied moss flora are discussed.

Interpopulation Variation of Leaf Polyphenol Content in Spiraea aquilegifolia (Rosaceae) from the Republic of Buryatia.

The composition and content of polyphenols in leaves was studied in Spiraea aquilegifolia Pall. plants from nine natural populations of the Republic of Buryatia (Western Transbaikalia) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At least 24 compounds were detected in hydroethanolic extracts of S. aquilegifolia leaves by HPLC. Of these, three phenol carboxylic acids (chlorogenic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and p-coumaric acids) and six flavonols (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, avicularin, astragalin, quercetin, and kaempferol) were identified. Hyperoside (2.9-8.2 mg/g), avicularin (3.0-5.8 mg/g), and isoquercitrin (0.8-2.5 mg/g) were the main flavonols found in leaf hydroethanolic extracts. Plants from populations located at the northern distribution limit in Western Transbaikalia were found to have higher contents of phenol carboxylic acids (near the village Koma) and flavonols (near the village Klyuchi). Plants from populations located at the eastern limit (near the villages Kusoty and Zagan) showed the lowest concentration of the identified phenolic compounds. The contents of the identified free phenolic acids and flavonols were moderate or high in S. aquilegifolia leaves as compared to other Spiraea species examined, rendering it important to further study the composition of phenolic compounds in S. aquilegifolia.

САМООБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТЬ ПРОДУКЦИЕЙ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА В РЕГИОНЕ С ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНЫМИ ПРИРОДНЫМИ УСЛОВИЯМИ

In order to achieve national food security, it is necessary to provide sufficient food for the population of the regions. Due to natural and climatic determinism, some regions have objective restrictions on agricultural production. In comparison with the all–Russian parameters and indicators for the federal district, the trends in livestock production, the level of self-sufficiency and consumption of meat, milk and eggs in the Republic of Buryatia, a region with extreme natural conditions, are considered. It was revealed that the region has an extremely low self-sufficiency of these products, which affects the level of its consumption, which does not correspond to rational medical standards. The current problems require support for local livestock production along with the development of transport, logistics and market infrastructures to ensure stable import and delivery of products to consumers.

ЦЕНООБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО РЫНКА РЕГИОНА

The current conditions of economic development require closer attention from the state, especially in the field of price formation in the food market. Food is a strategically important resource that ensures the vital activity of the nation and its prosperity. And pricing plays an important role in the implementation of this task. In this regard, it is pricing that is the key tool of the state to maintain balance in the market and influence all its participants. The authors analyzed the dynamics of prices in the food market of the region, price indices for basic groups of food products in the Republic of Buryatia, which allowed us to determine the trends in the development of the food market in the region. The conducted research has shown that today there is a transformation of consumer behavior in the region, which manifests itself in a change in consumer demand. These changes are triggered by several factors. First of all, this is the sanctions policy and the activation of domestic producers against this background within the framework of the import substitution program, while the price factor plays an important role in the formation of this trend, which is always paramount for the average buyer. The conclusions formulated in the article allow us to identify a number of proposals aimed at improving pricing as a tool for regulating the food market.

Государственная поддержка малого и среднего предпринимательства агропромышленного комплекса в регионе

The article discusses the main directions of state support for small and medium-sized businesses, recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of state assistance to the agro-industrial complex using the example of the Republic of Buryatia. The purpose of the study is to determine areas for increasing the efficiency of state support for small and medium-sized businesses in the agricultural sector. The authors analyze the performance indicators of small and medium-sized businesses in the agricultural sector, as well as existing programs and instruments of government support, identify their advantages and disadvantages and propose specific steps to improve the situation. The article also discusses the prospects for the development of agricultural entrepreneurship in the region and possible ways to strengthen the role of the state in this process. Today, agribusiness, as a strategically important sector of agriculture, is in the zone of full state support, which consists of systematic measures aimed both at beginners and for organizations and individual entrepreneurs working in rural areas for a long time. This assistance helps become part of the overall goals of rural business development. Every year in Russia there is quite significant financial support from the state budget for various needs, in particular obtaining grants.

Evaluation of the possibility of searching for groundwater using electrical resistivity tomography based on the data of numerical modelling in complicated permafrost conditions (the case of the territory in the eastern part of the Republic of Buryatia)

Relevance. Groundwater is the main source of industrial and technical water supply for mining facilities. The geological structure of the studied areas can be complicated by various factors that make it difficult to search for and localize groundwater. In this regard, electrical geophysical prospecting methods are often included in the complex of prospecting and exploration works, before which it is necessary to justify the application of the chosen method for solving the problems by performing numerical modelling. Aim. To substantiate the use of electrical resistivity tomography for the search for groundwater, taking into account complicating factors, including perennially frozen rocks, taliks, and fault zone, by numerical modelling. Objects. Geological environment represented by Quaternary system rocks and permafrost rocks of Cretaceous sediments of the Zazinskaya intermontane area, fault zone, talik zones. Methods. Solution of the direct problem, solution of the inverse problem, ground geophysical surveys using electrical resistivity tomography. Results. Based on the performed numerical modelling, it is shown that the use of electrical resistivity tomography is expedient when searching for groundwater in the area characterized by various factors: permafrost, talik, and a fault zone. Based on the results of solving direct and inverse problems of electrical survey, using field works performed in 2020 in the Eravninsky district of the Republic of Buryatia as an example, it is shown that pole-dipole arrays in electric resistivity survey with electrode distance of 5 m, successfully confirmed by drilling operations, allow us reliably delineate potential zones of water inflow. These zones, characterized by low values of electrical resistivity, in this area, are related to talik zones, which are powered by heat flow from the bowels of the earth.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ВЫСОТЫ СЪЕМКИ И ЗЕНИТНОГО УГЛА СОЛНЦА НА ВЕГЕТАЦИОННЫЕ ИНДЕКСЫ ПШЕНИЦЫ ПО ДАННЫМ БПЛА

The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of the survey altitude and the solar zenith angle on the color and spectral vegetation indices (VI) of wheat obtained from survey data from a UAV in the arid climate of Transbaikalia. Tasks: to perform multi-altitude aerial photography of the experimental field at different positions of the Sun; to calculate the VI and conduct a comparative statistical analysis of the obtained data. The study was carried out at the training and reclamation site of the Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V.R. Filippov in the suburbs of Ulan-Ude on August 12, 2023. An experimental field with an area of 600 m2 is sown with Selenga wheat variety, bred for the arid conditions of the Republic of Buryatia. The field is divided into 4 strips with different levels of irrigation and rainfed option. Each lane is represented by 3 NPK experiments in triplicate. The assessment of dependencies was carried out within one variant, divided into 20 identical segments in order to maintain sample homogeneity. The survey of a section of the experimental field was carried out at altitudes from 40 to 200 m at solar zenith angles from 36.5 to 74.5° using UAVs equipped with RGB and multispectral cameras. Color and spectral VIs were calculated. The groups of color VIs ExG-ExGR-GLI and ExR-NDI-VARI and spectral VIs NDVI-RVI and SAVI-DVI are mutually interchangeable due to their high pairwise correlation (more than 0.99). The results of the Wilcoxon test generally showed the similarity of the average VI values of GLI, ExG, ExGR, as well as NDVI and SAVI during the period from 14:10 to 17:30, which is optimal for surveying. The average VI va¬lues decrease with height and differ significantly, so the surveying altitude should be taken into account when monitoring the condition of crops. It is necessary to develop the scientific foundations of unmanned agricultural monitoring in various climatic conditions.

High prevalence of m.1555A > G in patients with hearing loss in the Baikal Lake region of Russia as a result of founder effect

Mitochondrial forms account approximately 1–2% of all nonsyndromic cases of hearing loss (HL). One of the most common causative variants of mtDNA is the m.1555A > G variant of the MT-RNR1 gene (OMIM 561000). Currently the detection of the m.1555A > G variant of the MT-RNR1 gene is not included in all research protocols. In this study this variant was screened among 165 patients with HL from the Republic of Buryatia, located in the Baikal Lake region of Russia. In our study, the total contribution of the m.1555A > G variant to the etiology of HL was 12.7% (21/165), while the update global prevalence of this variant is 1.8% (863/47,328). The m.1555A > G variant was notably more prevalent in Buryat (20.2%) than in Russian patients (1.3%). Mitogenome analysis in 14 unrelated Buryat families carrying the m.1555A > G variant revealed a predominant lineage: in 13 families, a cluster affiliated with sub-haplogroup A5b (92.9%) was identified, while one family had the D5a2a1 lineage (7.1%). In a Russian family with the m.1555A > G variant the lineage affiliated with sub-haplogroup F1a1d was found. Considering that more than 90% of Buryat families with the m.1555A > G variant belong to the single maternal lineage cluster we conclude that high prevalence of this variant in patients with HL in the Baikal Lake region can be attributed to a founder effect.

CURRENT STATUS AND EFFICIENCY OF ABANDONED LANDS RE-DEVELOPMENT IN RIVER BASINS OF SOUTH-WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA

Complex ecological and economic studies of post-agrarian landscapes in the middle reaches of the Selenga, Chikoy and Temnik rivers were carried out within the boundaries of the Selenga administrative region of the Republic of Buryatia (RB). A map of abandoned agricultural lands has been compiled. A brief description of agroclimatic conditions of the study area is given; the structure of agricultural land, the yield of grain and forage crops, the dynamics of livestock and the load of livestock on pastures and hayfields are analyzed. The reasons for the arable land abandonment are formulated. It was revealed that pastures and hayfields are not excluded from the agricultural use. This is due to an increase in the livestock numbers in households, which are the main agricultural producers in the RB, as well as a shortage of natural forage lands. The species composition and the state of shelterbelt forests are described as an integral part of the ecotopes of post-agrarian landscapes. The main taxonomic indicators of trees are given. The study of shelterbelt forests is topical due to the need for their inventory, lack of maintenance, and the adoption of Federal Laws on protective afforestation and land reclamation. A brief agrochemical description of the state of soils in key areas is given. To assess the effectiveness of arable land reuse, a net operating income (NOI) or rental income was calculated for each grain and grainfodder crop grown in the region under study. It was revealed that oats and spring wheat are the most profitable. Recommendations were formulated for the redevelopment of post-agricultural landscapes, optimization of protective afforestation, and reconstruction of shelterbelt forests

РЕЗЬБА ПО КАМНЮ В ДЕКОРАТИВНО-ПРИКЛАДНОМ ИСКУССТВЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БУРЯТИЯ

The article is devoted to stone carving. The material considers ancient artifacts connected with stone carving and its technological features. The anal-ysis of data on stone-сutting art has been made with the use of synthesis, ob-servation and comparison methods. The authors have studied the conditions for the formation of stone-cutting art in the Republic of Buryatia. The charac-teristics of nephritis, the main ornamental stone, are given. The items made of nephritis, presented at the exhibitions «The Conception of rebirth: Nephritis. Cyclicality» in the Art Museum of Ts.S. Sampilov, «The Far East Street» at the Eastern Economic Forum, have been studied. On the basis of the data ob-tained the assessment of the conditions for the development of stone-cutting art in the Republic of Buryatia is made.

Production of dry extracts from sea buckthorn raw materials: Research results

Production of soluble dry extracts from sea buckthorn raw materials is relevant and promising for enterprises of the Republic of Buryatia. The authors have selected technological equipment for obtaining dry extracts: extractor, concentrator, dryer. The possibility of using vacuum-pulse action and the influence of technological factors on the yield of water-soluble substances from sea buckthorn leaves and shoots has been studied. The operating parameters of the technological process have been determined experimentally under production conditions: temperature 45–50 °C, total duration of extraction, concentration and drying 79–111 minutes. The process of obtaining dry extracts is carried out in three stages: water extraction; filtration and concentration; drying in a vacuum pulse dryer. The resulting experimental sample of dry extract from sea buckthorn leaves and shoots is a free-flowing crystalline powder with a moisture content of 4–6 %, highly soluble in water, having high organoleptic characteristics – a natural, well-defined aroma characteristic of sea buckthorn, light brown color. The use of low temperatures and vacuum-pulse modes at the stages of the technological process predicts high safety of thermolabile biologically active substances in the product. The process of obtaining dry extracts from sea buckthorn leaves and shoots has been studied. The results of the studies prove the possibility of producing a dry extract with high organoleptic characteristics using the developed by the authors' technology by equipment whose vacuum-pulse operating modes have a positive effect on the yield of extractives and help reduce time costs along with the intensification of heat and mass exchange processes in sea buckthorn raw materials.

ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL AND ASSOCIATED TECHNOGENIC ORE DEPOSITS USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE DZHIDA TUNGSTEN-MOLYBDENUM PLANT, REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

Based on the collection and analysis of data from predecessors and our own geoecological research in the area of the Dzhida tungsten-molybdenum plant (Zakamensk) in the Republic of Buryatia, an approximate quantitative assessment of environmental and associated economic damage to the main components of the environment and the population in this territory was made. The possibility of reducing it and improving the environmental situation in this area based on the integrated use of mineral raw materials and expanding environmental protection measures in the future is shown.

COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ARTEMISIA SANTOLINIFOLIA TURCZ EX BESS. ESSENTIAL OIL

Purpose. To conduct a comparative analysis of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of components of essential oils isolated from different organs of Artemisia santolinofolia, and also to study the influence of weather conditions on the accumulation and composition of essential oils. Material and methods. The object of the study is the aerial part of A. santolinifolia, collected in the Okinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia during the flowering phase, in August 2016, 2017, 2019. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation. The component composition was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry with an Agilent Packard HP 6890 gas chromatograph with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (HP MSD 5973N). Results. The highest content of essential oils is in inflorescences (0.7%) and leaves (0.7%), less in the aerial parts (0.5%) and stems (0.4%). Monoterpenoids mainly accumulate in inflorescences, sesquiterpenoids are mostly found in leaves and stems. Dominant components characteristic of all parts of the plant: 1,8-cineole (1.5–9.1%), terpineol-4 (0.7–2.8%), bornyl-2-methylbutonoate (1.5–1.8), camphor (0.4–39.5%), borneol (0.7–6.4%), bornyl acetate (3.1–5.0%), davana ether (isomer 1) (1.9–5.3%), davana ester (isomer 2) (1.1–3.2%), davanone (0.6–12.4%), caryophiollene (0.5–2.0%), bicyclogermacrene ( 0.7–6.2%), spatulenol (0.8–19.9%). The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) was calculated and a positive correlation between HTC and the content of essential oil in the raw material was shown. Conclusions. For the first time, the component composition of essential oils isolated from the inflorescences, leaves, and stems of Artemisia santolinofolia was studied; 60 compounds related to mono- and sesquiterpene compounds were identified. The dominant components of essential oils were identified. A study of the dynamics of accumulation showed that oils are contained in all organs of the plant, therefore the entire above-ground part of the plant is collected; the optimal period for collecting raw materials is the flowering phase. The content of essential oils depends more on the amount of precipitation than on the average monthly temperature.

ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ОСНАЩЕНИЕ И ДОБЫЧА РЫБЫ В ИРКУТСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В 1947–1960-е гг.

The fishing industry plays a vital role in the development of the national economy, so its study is one of the most pressing problems for the economy of the region as a whole. The paper analyzes and summarizes the historical experience of the fishing industry, which is necessary to assess the current situation in the fishing industry and determine the further development of the industry. The functioning of the Soviet model of fisheries was ensured by a system of state support, which made it possible to successfully develop the fishing industry and solve social problems of coastal regions. The country's leadership always paid great attention to the development of the fishing industry as the most important sector of food supply for the population. During the years of Soviet power, in a short period of time, based on the implementation of plans for the industrialization of the country, the material and technical base of the fishing industry was created. Using the example of the Republic of Buryatia, the author examines the historical experience of combating poaching and notes the role of mobilization decisions of the Soviet state in this process. The current Soviet legislation on nature protection, the history of creation, structure and main functions of fisheries protection bodies are analyzed. Based on archival data, the number of detained offenders, the number of seized fish, fishing equipment and gear are given. A special place is given to the nature conservation society and the role of public inspectors, who, along with fisheries protection authorities, fought against poaching. An assessment is made of the technical equipment of fisheries protection authorities and criminal legal measures in preventing aquatic poaching based on an analysis of the established practice of their use in the period 1917–2000 in the Republic of Buryatia.