Reproductive Organs Of Male Rats Research Articles

Study of the pharmacological effects of the ethanol extract of trunk barks of Zanthoxylum gilletii (From Wild Waterman 1975) on the weight parameters of the reproductive organs of male rats

Study of the pharmacological effects of the ethanol extract of trunk barks of Zanthoxylum gilletii (From Wild Waterman 1975) on the weight parameters of the reproductive organs of male rats

Shortwave radiation-induced reproductive organ damage in male rats by enhanced expression of molecules associated with the calpain/Cdk5 pathway and oxidative stress

ABSTRACT Shortwave radiation has been reported to have harmful effects on several organs in humans and animals. However, the biological effects of 27 MHz shortwave on the reproductive system are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of shortwave whole-body exposure at a frequency of 27 MHz on structural and functional changes in the testis. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 27 MHz continuous shortwaves at average power densities of 0, 5, 10, or 30 mW/cm2 for 6 min. The levels of insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and anti-sperm antibodies (AsAb) in the peripheral serum, sperm motility, sperm malformation rate, and testicular tissue structure of rats were analyzed. Furthermore, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, calpain, and Cdk5 expression were analyzed at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after exposure. We observed that the rats after radiation had decreased serum INSL3 levels (p < 0.01), increased AsAb levels (p < 0.05), decreased percentage of class A+B sperm (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), increased sperm malformation (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), injured testicular tissue structure, decreased SOD and CAT activities (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05), increased MDA content (p < 0.01), and testicular tissue expressions of calpain1, calpain2, and Cdk5 were increased (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). In conclusion, Shortwave radiation caused functional and structural damage to the reproductive organs of male rats. Furthermore, oxidative stress and key molecules in the calpain/Cdk5 pathway are likely involved in this process.

Protective Effect of L-carnitine against Cefquinome Sulfate Induced Testicular Damage and Oxidative Stress in Male Albino Rats

The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of L-carnitine (LC) against possible deleterious effects of cefquinome sulfate (CS) on antioxidant capacity, fertility parameters and histopathological findings of reproductive organs in male rats. Therefore, seventy two mature male rats were equally divided into four equal groups as following: The control group of rats was administered two s.c. doses of physiological saline (vehicle of other drugs) (2ml/kg b.wt. once daily for 5 successive days and 2ml/kg b.wt. once daily for 8 successive weeks), the second group was s.c. administered LC (200 mg/kg b.wt. once daily for 8 successive weeks), the third group was s.c. administered CS (50 mg/kg b.wt. once daily for 5 successive days) and the fourth group was s.c. administered CS concomitantly with LC by the same doses. The obtained results showed that administration of CS induced a significant (P≤ 0.05) increase in serum level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sperm abnormalities with significant (P≤ 0.05) decrease in serum level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), sperm motility and total sperm count. Moreover, CS induced histopathological changes in tissues of testes and epididymis. Conversely, administration of LC concomitantly with CS ameliorates all the previous antioxidant, fertility and histopathological alterations induced by CS. It could be concluded that CS induced some undesired effects on antioxidant activity, fertility parameters and histopathological findings which could be ameliorated by LC in male albino rats.

Suppression of fertility by &lt;em&gt;Capparis spinosa&lt;/em&gt; root extract through antioxidant alteration in reproductive system of male rats

Aim: To evaluate the suppression of fertility by oral mode of Capparis spinosa root extract through alteration in antioxidant defence of the reproductive system of male albino rats. Methods: The methanol extract of Capparis spinosa root (100mg/kg/day) was fed for 60 days to male, Wistar strain, albino rats. The fertility and testicular functions were assessed by mating tests, antioxidant defence indices, and spermatogenesis, histometry, and biochemical estimations for fertility suppression along with serum biochemistry and hematology for assessment of toxicology. Results: Capparis spinosa root extract administration for a period of 60 days did not cause body weight loss significantly, while the weight of testes, Cauda epididymis, seminal vesicle, and ventral prostate were significantly reduced. The lipid peroxidation and antioxidants levels i.e. superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reduced, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and Vitamin E in testes, Cauda epididymis, seminal vesicle, and ventral prostate were altered significantly (P<0.001) after the 60 days treatment of Capparis spinosa extract when compared to the controls. The root extract feeding caused a marked reduction in the number of primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and spermatids however spermatogonia population showed non-significant change. Sertoli cell population was also affected. The number of mature Leydig cells was decreased and degenerating cells increased proportionately. The seminiferous tubule and Leydig cell nuclear area were reduced significantly (P<0.001) when compared to the controls. The protein and sialic acid content of the testes, Cauda epididymis, seminal vesicle, and ventral prostate were significantly (P<0.001) decreased. The glycogen in testes and fructose in seminal vesicle was also significantly reduced, whereas the testicular cholesterol was elevated as compared with the controls. Reduced sperm count and motility resulted in a total suppression of fertility. The RBC and WBC count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in whole blood whereas marker enzymes and glucose in serum were found to be within the normal range after the 60 days of Capparis spinosa extract treatment. Conclusion: Capparis spinosa root extract may selectively act on developing germ cells mediated via Sertoli cells through increased oxidative stress or impairment of antioxidant defence system in reproductive organs of male rats, leading to suppression of fertility and suggests the feasibility of developing non-toxic, herbal male contraceptive drug.

Efficacy of Essential Trace Elements Supplementation on Mineral Composition, Sperm Characteristics, Antioxidant Status, and Genotoxicity in Testis of Tebuconazole-treated Rats

ObjectiveThis research was performed to evaluate the effect of tebuconazole (TBZ) on reproductive organs of male rats and to assess the protective role of combined essential trace elements in alleviating the detrimental effect of TBZ on male reproductive function. MethodsFor this purpose, 48 rats were exposed to 100 mg/kg TBZ, TBZ supplemented with zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe), TBZ + (Se + Zn); TBZ + Cu; or TBZ + Fe. The experiment was conducted for 30 consecutive days. ResultsTBZ caused a significant perturbation in mineral levels and reduction in reproductive organs weights, plasma testosterone level, and testicular antioxidant enzyme activities. The TBZ-treated group also showed a significant increase in sperm abnormalities (count, motility, and viability percent), plasma follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and severe DNA degradation in comparison with the controls. Histopathologically, TBZ caused testis impairments. Conversely, treatment with trace elements, in combination or alone, improved the reproductive organ weights, sperm characteristics, TBZ-induced toxicity, and histopathological modifications in testis. ConclusionTBZ exerts significant harmful effects on male reproductive system. The concurrent administration of trace elements reduces testis dysfunction, fertility, and toxicity induced by TBZ.

Rats testosterone level and reproductive organ weight treated by kapok (Ceiba pentandra Gaertn.) seed extract

Uncontrolled population of dogs can be avoided if pet owner can find easy and inexpensive methods to prevent pregnancy in their dogs. The use of natural ingredients for contraception derived from plants is called herbal contraception. Gossypol is a polyphenolic compound produced by pigment glands, especially in the seeds of cotton plants (Gossipium sp). Cotton seeds, a primary content of gossypol, is an antifertility substance that affects reproductive hormones control and has a cytotoxic effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of kapok seed extract on male reproductive system by measuring blood serum testosterone level and weight of male reproductive organs. The administrations of kapok seed extract in male rats were given 0.5 ml/rat/day by gavage method for 33 days. Thirty two male rats were divided into 4 groups i.e. control group (only given aquadest) and treatment groups namelyT1, T2 and T3 which were given kapok seed extract at the doses of 0.07; 0.12 and 0.24 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. The administration of kapok seed extract (Ceiba pentandra Gaertn) decreased the testosterone level and the weight of the reproductive organs of male rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Effects of Aluminum chloride on some hormones levele and reproductive organs of male rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Effects of Aluminum chloride on some hormones levele and reproductive organs of male rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Study on oxidative stress damage of reproductive organs in male rats induced by long-term exposure to crotonaldehyde

Objective: To investigate the effect of subchronic exposure to crotonaldehyde on reproductive damage and oxidative stress in male rate. Methods: Forty male SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into four group: a control group and 3 exposure groups, 10 per group. The rats in each group were continuously administrated with crotonaldehyde (normal saline) for 1 time/d. For 128 d, the doses were 0.0, 2.5, 4.5, 8.5 mg/kg. After the end of the exposure, the body weight, the weight of the testis and epididymis was measured, and calculating organ coefficient. The left spermatozoon tail was used to determine sperm motility, number and testicular tissue marker enzyme activity : LDH, SDH, ACP, γ-GT; blood biochemical related index concentration: FSH, LH, T; oxidative stress-related indicator concentrations: MDA, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT. Results: Compared with the control group, the weight gain, testicular and epididymis weight, and organ coefficient of the rats in the 4.5 and 8.5 mg/kg groups were decreased, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . In the exposed group, the testicular tissue volume was reduced, the color was dark, and the number of germ cells in some seminiferous tubules was reduced. Compared with the control group, the sperm count and sperm motility of the 4.5 and 8.5 mg/kg groups were significantly lower (P<0.05) ; compared with the control group, 4.5 and 8.5 mg/kg. The activities of serum ACP, LDH, SDH and γ-GT in the exposed group were significantly lower (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the serum levels of T in the 8.5 mg/kg group were decreased. The levels of LH and FSH in the 4.5 and 8.5 mg/kg exposure groups were significantly lower (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the rats in the 4.5 mg/kg and 8.5 mg/kg exposure groups were compared. The activity of MDA in serum increased, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity decreased, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Crotonaldehyde may cause subchronic reproductive damage and oxidative damage in rats by altering the hormone of the reproductive system, the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and destroying the oxidative balance of the rat.

Effect of Phenylbutazone on some Hematological profiles, Liver, Kidney and Reproductive organs in Male Rats

The present study was conducted to study some pharmacodynamics and the possible adverse effects of Phenylbutazone in mature male rats . Haematological , biochemical and histopathological studies were carried out. Mature male albino rats were used and divided into 3 equal groups each of 15 rats. Rats of the first group were kept as a control and intramuscularly injected with propylene glycol (2 ml ./kg b.wt.) once daily for 3 successive days . Rats of the second group were intramuscularly injected once daily for 3 successive days with Phenylbutazone at a dose of 53.3 mg./kg. b.wt. Rats of the third group were intramuscularly injected once daily for 3 successive days with Phenylbutazone at a dose of 106.6 mg/kg. b.wt . Five rats from each control and treated groups were killed at 2 nd, 4 th and 8th week from beginning of drug administration to obtain blood, semen and some body organs for examination and evaluation . The obtained results showed that i/ m administration of different doses of Phenylbutazone to male rats induced a variety of side effects on blood picture, biochemical and the reproductive parameters. Moreover, Phenylbutazone induced many histo-pathological alterations in the reproductive organs, liver and kidney of the treated male rats . Therefore, prolonged administration of Phenylbutazone should be avoided .

Formulation, Evaluation and Antioxidant activity of Caffeine Fast Melt Tablets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various Prosolv® co-processed excipients in the manufacture of different grades of fast melt tablets (FMTs). Caffeine was chosen as a model drug. Caffeine FMTs were prepared by direct compression using Prosolv® based excipients;Prosolv® SMCC 50, Prosolv® SMCC 90,Prosolv® SMCC HD90, Prosolv® ODT, Prosolv®Easytab Nutra,and Prosolv®Easytab SP. Caffeine FMTs were evaluated for weight, thickness, hardness, friability, wetting time (WT), in-vitro disintegration time, and in-vitro dissolutionstudies. The selected Caffeine FMT was compared with oral commercial tablets (Stay Awake Caffeine Alertness Aid®, Equate, USA) for their antioxidant activities and their impact on reproductive organs of male rats. All Caffeine FMTs were within the pharmacopeial limits for weight, and content. All formulae had acceptable friability percentage (<1%) except Prosolv® SMCC HD based formula. Prosolv® Easytab Nutra based formula showed superiority over Prosolv® Easytab SP and Prosolv® ODT regarding WT and DT. Furthermore, Prosolv® Easytab Nutra based formula gave comparablefunctionality to its analogous formulae based Prosolv® SMCC 50 and Prosolv® SMCC 90 with superior advantages regarding simplicity of manufacture and the potential minimizing of undesirable issuesas segregation by reducing the number of steps during production of tablets. The data concluded that the Prosolv® co-processed excipients are promising carriers for Caffeine FMT designed formodulating male reproductive hormone reproductive values and oxidative stress with having greaterbenefits of dosage form which, in turn, increase compliance.

Effect of long-term administration of Deca-Durabolin on reproductive organs of male rats

Effect of long-term administration of Deca-Durabolin on reproductive organs of male rats

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antifertility Efficacy of Heterobimetallic Complexes of Copper (II)

Heterobimetallic complexes of the copper with remarkable antimicrobial and antifertility action have been synthesized by the conventional method by reacting CuCl2 and o-phenylenediamine in the methanolic medium forming the mononuclear complex of the type CuC6H8N22Cl2 which was further treated with group 4 or 14 organometallic dichlorides (Ph2M′Cl2, Me2M′Cl2, and Cp2M′′Cl2) [M′ = Sn, Si, and M′′ = Ti, Zr] leading to formation of heterobimetallic complexes. All the synthesized complexes were characterized in the light of various physicochemical techniques like elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, molecular weight determination, electronic and infrared spectra, electronic spin resonance, X-ray, and mass spectral studies. The in vitro antibacterial activity of synthesized complexes against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was tested to evaluate their inhibiting activities. The antifungal activities of mono- and heterobimetallic complexes were studied by screening the compounds against Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata. These complexes were then investigated to reveal their effect on the reproductive organs of male rats. The treatment has shown substantial decline in the sperm motility and density signifying the imperious antifertility activity.

The effects of propolis on sperm quality, reproductive organs and testicular antioxidant status of male rats treated with cyclosporine-A

This study was designed to determine the effects of propolis on the quality of sperm and reproductive organs in male rats treated with cyclosporine-A. In this study, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats (280-300 g BW) at 8-10 weeks of age were used. The rats were randomly divided into control and 3 treatment groups. Each rat was placed into a cage. During 21 days (experimental period), Group 1 served as control group; Group 2 (CsA) was given 15 mg/kg BW/day of CsA by subcutaneously; Group 3 (P) was given 100 mg/kg BW/day of propolis by gavage; Group 4 (CsA+P) was given 15 mg/kg BW/day of CsA subcutaneously and 100 mg/kg BW/day of propolis by gavage. Administration of CsA to rats decreased sperm motility (P < 0.01) and sperm concentration (P < 0.01), and it increased total abnormal sperm rates (P < 0.05) as compared with the control group. Significant improvements were observed in the sperm motility (P < 0.01) and total abnormal sperm rates (P < 0.05) in CsA+P group. No significant differences were observed in the weights of right and left testes among all groups. The weight values of right and left epididymis were found similar to each other in CsA administrated groups. Seminal vesicle (P < 0.01) and prostat glands weights (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in CsA+P group than CsA group. As a result, it was determined that oral supplementation of 100 mg/kg of propolis had amendatory effect on the quality of sperm and reproductive organs treated with CsA administered rats. CsA treatment caused a significant increase in MDA level (P < 0.01) and significant decreases (P < 0.01) in GSH level and CAT activity when compared with the control group. Ingestion of propolis by CsA-treated rats significantly decreased the MDA level and significantly increased the GSH level when compared with the CsA alone group (P < 0.01).

Antiperoxidative Activity of Tetracarpidium conophorum Leaf Extract in Reproductive Organs of Male Rats.

Tetracarpidium conophorum (Mull. Arg.) Hutch. & Dalz is one of the many medicinal plants used in folklore as male fertility enhancers. This research was aimed at evaluating the anti-peroxidative activity of the leaves of this plant by determining their capacity to reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) level in reproductive organs and accessory glands of rats. Adult male rats were administered orally with the aqueous leaf extract from T. conophorum at 50, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight for 21 consecutive days while clomiphene citrate (1.04 mg/kg body weight), a fertility drug was used as standard. The results of the study indicated that there was increase in relative organ weight, body weight, mean total food and water consumed by the treated groups. Testicular MDA level was highly significantly different from that of the control (p < 0.0001) although a tentatively decreased MDA level was observed. However, MDA levels in the reproductive accessory glands, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland were insignificantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of controls. The highest percentage decrease of MDA level (66.35, 42.68, 62.50 and 63.36%) was observed at the highest concentration of the extract (1000 mg/kg) in the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate gland respectively. These values were two-fold greater than the values obtained for the standard drug. Interestingly, the treatment of rats with the extract significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the levels of GSH, vitamin C and total protein. Collectively, the results suggest that the extract from T. conophorum leaves had greater capacity to reduce lipid peroxidation in reproductive organs and accessory glands and thus, this plant may be useful in the treatment/management of reproductive cellular damage involving reactive oxygen species.

Dietary cholesterol affects expression of prostatic acid phosphatase in reproductive organs of male rats

Cholesterol homeostasis is strictly maintained to prevent abnormal biological processes that arise from excessive accumulation of cholesterol in tissues. Although dyslipidemia causes reproductive dysfunction and endocrine disruption in male rats, regulatory factors and mechanisms have not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, the present study investigated the histology of male reproductive organs and the expression of prostatic acid phosphatase (also known as Acpp) that is secreted by cuboidal epithelium of the prostate gland in response to a normal diet and a high-cholesterol diet. The high cholesterol diet increased total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Histological analyses showed considerable alterations in the prostate indicating excessive papillary projections within the acinar lumen in response to the high cholesterol diet. In addition, Acpp expression was decreased in the penis of rats fed the high cholesterol diet and it was predominantly localized in the urethral epithelium and penile follicle that is precursor of penile spines. Moreover, Acpp was reduced slightly in the testes, but differential expression of Acpp in the prostate in response to dietary cholesterol was not detected. Furthermore, target microRNAs (miRs) of Acpp such as miR-192 and miR-215 regulated Acpp gene expression at the post-transcriptional levels by binding to specific sites within its 3′-UTR. These results indicate that Acpp plays an important role in growth and development of the penis of rats, and its expression is modulated at epigenomic levels via specific miRs.

Long-term effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from mobile phone on testicular tissue and epididymal semen quality

The purpose of this study is to bridge this gap by investigating effects of long term 900 MHz mobile phone exposure on reproductive organs of male rats. The study was carried out on 14 adult Wistar Albino rats by dividing them randomly into two groups (n: 7) as sham group and exposure group. Rats were exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation emitted from a GSM signal generator. Point, 1 g and 10 g specific absorption rate (SAR) levels of testis and prostate were found as 0.0623 W/kg, 0.0445 W/kg and 0.0373 W/kg, respectively. The rats in the exposure group were subject to RF radiation 3 h per day (7 d a week) for one year. For the sham group, the same procedure was applied, except the generator was turned off. At the end of the study, epididymal sperm concentration, progressive sperm motility, abnormal sperm rate, all-genital organs weights and testis histopathology were evaluated. Any differences were not observed in sperm motility and concentration (p > 0.05). However, the morphologically normal spermatozoa rates were found higher in the exposure group (p < 0.05). Although histological examination showed similarity in the seminiferous tubules diameters in both groups, tunica albuginea thickness and the Johnsen testicular biopsy score were found lower in the exposure group (p < 0.05, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, we claim that long-term exposure of 900 MHz RF radiation alter some reproductive parameters. However, more supporting evidence and research is definitely needed on this topic.

Impact of food products from crude oil polluted area of Nigeria on the reproductive organs of male rats

Impact of food products from crude oil polluted area of Nigeria on the reproductive organs of male rats

Structural changes in reproductive organs of male rats after estradiol benzoate treatment.

The effects of estradiol benzoate (E2B) at a dose of 50 micrograms/rat/day for 7, 15 and 24 days on histoarchitecture, histocytometry and relative weights of reproductive organs in mature albino rats were investigated. The results revealed that the organ weights, histology of the testis, epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicle of treated rats were considerably affected as a consequence of the treatment. The height of germinal/secretory epithelium and tubular diameter of these organs also declined, whereas the peritubular muscle layer thickness of epididymis and accessory gland was increased. In vas deferens, in contrast, the muscle layer was reduced. The induced effects of estrogen were related to the duration of the treatment and support our earlier data that estrogens have a direct effect on the testis.

Ecofriendly synthesis, antimicrobial and antispermatogenic activity of triorganotin(IV) complexes with 4′‐nitrobenzanilide semicarbazone and 4′‐nitrobezanilide thiosemicarbazone

AbstractNew series of triorganotin(IV) complexes with 4′‐nitrobenzanilide semicarbazone (L1H) and 4′‐nitrobenzanilide thiosemicarbazone (L2H) of the type [R3Sn(L)] (R = ‐CH3, ‐C6H5 and n‐C4H9) were synthesized under microwave irradiation. All the complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductance measurements, molecular weight determinations and spectral data, viz., IR, UV–vis, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR. The central tin atoms of these complexes are all five‐coordinated with trigonal bipyramidal geometry. In order to assess their growth inhibitory potency semicarbazone, thiosemicarbazone and their triorganotin(IV) complexes were tested in vitro against some pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Also the ligands and their organotin(IV) complexes were studied to assess the effects of long‐term ingestion of these compounds on fertility, body and reproductive organ weights. The biochemical analyses were also performed on blood samples and reproductive organs of male rats. The findings have been presented in this paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Assessment of the contraceptive efficacy of the aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos Corr. leaves in male albino rats

The present study was conducted to evaluate the contraceptive effect of an aqueous extract from the leaves of Aegle marmelos (AMLAq) on the reproductive organs of male rats with an emphasis on reversibility. Adult male rats were treated daily with different doses of AMLAq, i.e. 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw/day for 60 days. The data presented in this study demonstrate that the weight of the reproductive organs was reduced significantly in all the treatment groups. AMLAq induced a significant decrease in the sperm motility and sperm density of the Cauda epididymis and testes. The reduction in fertility was 50%, 85% and 100%, respectively, in the treatment groups. The testosterone level also significantly declined. Biochemical analysis of the reproductive tissues for sialic acid, protein, glycogen, fructose, ascorbic acid, acid and alkaline phosphatase indicated a significant decrease whereas testicular cholesterol level significantly increased indicating alterations in the biochemical milieu of the genital organs. Fertility and other effects gradually returned to control levels 120 days after cessation of treatment. No clinical signs of side effects on general metabolism were detected throughout the treatment, and after withdrawal, body weight gain was similar in all groups together with no alterations in the weight of vital organs', hematological and serological parameters.