Reproductive Health Problems Research Articles

Dampak Pengetahuan terhadap Perawatan Area Genitalia Eksternal pada Remaja Putri SMK N “X” di Jakarta Selatan

Cases of reproductive health problems in adolescents are still found, this is influenced by several factors, one of which is the lack of knowledge and motivation of adolescents to maintain reproductive health. The aim of the research was to identify the knowledge and practice of caring for the external genital area in female adolescents and to identify the results of the analysis of the relationship between knowledge and care for the external genital area in adolescents. Analytical descriptive research methods with a cross sectional approach. Take measurements on each variable at the same time. The sampling technique is the total sample. The Pearson Chi-square test, an alpha value of 0.05, and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to analyze the data using the SPSS version 24 program. According to the study's findings, the average knowledge of young women was good (74.8%) and poor (24.2%).The average implementation of treatment for the external genitalia area in young women is routinely done (75.8%) and rarely done (24.2%). With a p value of 0.05, there is a significant relationship between knowledge and care of the external genitalia area in young women.The results of the analysis of knowledge on young women have a significant relationship with the treatment of the external genitalia area, with a p value <0.05 (α 0.05). There is a significant relationship between knowledge and care of the external genital area in young women with a p value <0.05 (α 0.05). The results of the analysis of knowledge on young women have a significant relationship with the treatment of the external genitalia area, with a p value <0.05 (α 0.05). The role of the family to supervise and support the implementation of reproductive health programs in adolescents is very much needed, as well as the role of health workers in providing health education and promotion to increase the motivation of adolescents in maintaining the health of the reproductive organs.

Factors Associated With Utilization Of Adolescent-Friendly Health Services In Sunsari District Of Nepal

Objectives: Adolescent friendly health services are the tailored health services for adolescents in a friendly environment where adolescents can easily and comfortably access and enjoy sexual and reproductive health services. Utilization of such services helps to address sexual and reproductive health problems faced by adolescents and the status of adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in Nepal is alarming. However, limited studies have been conducted on utilization of Adolescent Friendly Health Services and its associated factors among school adolescents. Thus, this study was carried out to assess the factors associated with utilization of adolescent friendly health services in Sunsari district of Nepal. Methods: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out among 502 secondary school adolescents of grade 9 and 10 studying either in public or private schools of Inaruwa Municipality Sunsari District, Nepal. Single stage cluster sampling was followed in this study. Data was collected through administration of pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire during the period of January to March, 2022. Results : Regarding socio-demographic characteristics, majority of the participants were female (56.2%) compared to male (43.8%). Mean age of the participants was 15 years with standard deviation of 1.359 years and most (92.8%) of them followed Hinduism. More than half of the participants (54.0%) belonged to Madhesi ethnicity and most (61.0%) of them were from nuclear family. Likewise, majority (90.6%) of the adolescents were unmarried whereas 5.6 % were in relationship. More than three-fourth of the participants (79.5%) were staying with their parents. Most participants (53.2%) reported having very close relationship with their family. Similarly, majority (70.9%) of the adolescents had not seen the logo of adolescent friendly health services but three fourth (75.5%) of them had heard about adolescent friendly health services. Only 38.5% of participants were known about the availability of adolescent friendly health institution in their locality and more than three fourth (79.9%) of participants said that the time required to reach health facility was less than 30 minutes. Less than one fourth (24.1%) of the participants had felt needs for sexual and reproductive health services. The utilization of adolescent friendly health services among adolescents was low i.e., 14.5% (CI: 0.115-0.176) and more than half (54.8%) of them had used counselling services. Regards of preference, 44.4% of the participants stated that they preferred private health facilities and most of them (79.3%) preferred the health facility nearby their residence. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, different intervention programs could be conducted to increase the awareness about adolescent friendly health services among adolescents which may increase its utilization.

Promosi Kesehatan Melalui Buku Saku Higiene Menstruasi pada Situasi Bencana Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Remaja Putri di Desa Bangga Sigi

Bangga Village, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi is one of the villages that experienced flash floods. The impact is the problem of female reproductive health. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of health promotion using the menstrual hygiene pocket book in disaster situations on the knowledge of young women. This type of research is a pre-experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test. The research was conducted at the Youth Posyandu in June-July 2022. The study population was all young women aged 14-17 years in Bangga Village, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi. The sampling technique is purposive. The sample size is 27 respondents. The research questionnaire consisted of 20 questions. Questionnaire measurements were carried out through pre-test and post-test on the same day. The statistical test used is Wilcoxon. The results of the study showed that the respondents' knowledge was lacking 3 (11%), 24 (89%) sufficient and 0 (0%) good. Knowledge of post respondents who lacked 0 (0%), enough 4 (15%) and good 23 (85%). The Wilcoxon test results obtained ρ-value = 0.000 (<0.05). The conclusion of health promotion using pocket books on menstrual hygiene in disaster situations increases the knowledge of young women in Youth Posyandu. It is hoped that there will be more menstrual hygiene pocket books in disaster situations and distributed to young women.

Prolonging the time of progesterone supplementation to improve the pregnancy outcomes of single day 6 blastocyst transfer in frozen-thawed cycles: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundInfertility is one of the most important and underappreciated reproductive health problems in developing countries. Currently, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer is the most effective treatment strategy for infertility. In a frozen-thawed cycle, single-blastocyst transfer can not only ensure relatively higher pregnancy and live birth rates but also effectively reduce the risk of maternal and neonatal complications. In frozen-thawed cycles, progesterone is initiated to promote the final phase of endometrial preparation prior to embryo transfer. However, the optimal duration of exposure to progesterone has remained inconclusive. Therefore, we designed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare the effects of different prolonged progesterone transformation times (P+6 and P+7) on the pregnancy outcomes of D6 single blastocyst transfer in a frozen-thawed cycle.MethodsThis is a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial involving 900 patients with single blastocyst transfer in the frozen-thawed cycle, aged from 20 to 38 years, with less than three transfers, and with HRT-cycle single D6 blastocyst transfer in the current cycle. Participants will be randomly assigned (1:1) into two parallel groups: the transfer of day 6 blastocysts on the 7th day of progesterone supplementation and the transfer of day 6 blastocysts on the 6th day of progesterone supplementation. The primary outcome measure is the clinical pregnancy rate. Secondary outcome measures include the miscarriage rate and live birth rate.DiscussionThis is the first randomized controlled trial to compare the transfer of day 6 blastocysts on the 6th and 7th day of progesterone supplementation. The results of this study will provide evidence for whether to prolong the duration of exposure to progesterone prior to embryo transfer.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT04938011. Registered on 19 June 2021.

Efforts to Increase Knowledge Through Health Education on Breast Self-Examination Skills in Women of Childbearing Age in Sumber Jaya Village, Kampung Melayu District, Bengkulu City in 2022

Data from the Bengkulu Provincial Health Office, Bengkulu Province is included in 10 provinces that have low coverage in clinical breast examination (SADANIS) and IVA examinations below 5%, Based on data from the Bengkulu City Health Office in 2020 of 62,160 WUS SADANIS examinations and IVA tests only 1967 person.The working area of ​​the Padang Serai Health Center, Kampung Melayu Subdistrict, is the highest area that has the highest incidence of suspicion and tumors or breast lumps in Bengkulu City. The working area of ​​the Padang Serai Health Center, Kampung Melayu Subdistrict, has 3 sub-districts, namely Sumber Jaya sub-district, Padang Serai sub-district and Teluk Sepang sub-district. The Padang Serai Health Center Working Area, Kampung Melayu District has 3,356 WUS, of which 331 people were examined.For suspicious data12 people had breast cancer and 13 people had tumors or breast lumps. The incidence of breast cancer is in Sumber Jaya Village.Adolescent reproductive health problems in Indonesia do not receive enough attention because knowledge about early detection and breast self-care skills have not been socialized properly. Because of that, there is a need for awareness and participation from various related agencies to be able to provide knowledge as early as possible about the importance of early detection of breast cancer and breast self-care skills. This can be done in real terms through counseling efforts. In this community service activity there will be socialization, counseling, mentoring and group formation using the peer group method at WUS in Sumber Jaya Village, Kampung Melayu District.

Implementation of Collaborative Counseling Services to Improve Reproductive Health Muslim Marriage Candidates

The problem faced today is that reproductive health for prospective or married couples tends to be ignored. In addition, the provision of intensive counseling services is limited considering that reproductive health problems can disrupt the biological and psychological conditions of individuals. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview and framework of collaborative counseling services that can be adopted for KUA extension workers, family counselors and consultants. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach. The results showed that collaborative counseling services can be an alternative solution in improving reproductive health and psychologically strengthening Muslim brides-to-be. Counselors, religious instructors, health institutions can work together in the implementation of collaborative counseling services.

The traumatic consequences of Boko Haram slavery among the ethnic minorities of southern Borno, Borno State, Nigeria.

The investigation on the experiences of Kibaku ethnic minorities of southern Borno in the Federal Republic of Nigeria under the Boko Haram (BH) insurgency is inevitable, considering the dire humanitarian situation that has since prevailed. The mass massacre indicates the violation of human rights. To explore, describe and analyse the BH insurgency in north-eastern Nigeria and its traumatic effects which may be experienced at several interrelated levels. The research was conducted within the Kibaku ethnic communities of Chibok local government areas of Southern Senatorial District in Borno State of Nigeria. A predominantly exploratory and descriptive qualitative research design approach was adopted with a total of 80 participants. The health consequences of BH-inspired victimisation include sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS and chronic infections, unwanted pregnancy, miscarriage and other reproductive health problems. The psycho-emostional effects are both incalculable and unquantifiable, which is compounded by grief for the loss of victims through either abduction or death. The unjustifiable mass violence against the minorities may, from a historical viewpoint, be an orchestrated suffering of humans at the hands of other 'humans' in north-eastern Nigeria.Contribution: This article will add to the body of knowledge considering the magnitude (scale) and implications (scope) of the genocidal violence meted by a motley of sectarian malcontents propagating some illogical, unscientific, and historically ideologies bothering on a combination of racial bigotry, ethnicity and religious intolerance in Nigeria.

Youths’ Perceptions Regarding Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services

Sexual and reproductive health services in Thailand have been provided in accordance with a national policy and strategic plan, but youths’ sexual and reproductive health problems remain relatively high. A significant problem is youths’ low access to appropriate services. This paper reports the first qualitative descriptive phase of participatory action research project, which aimed to develop a model for improving access to sexual and reproductive health services among youths. The study’s purpose was to explore perceptions of youths regarding access to sexual and reproductive health services in northern Thailand. Qualitative data were collected from September 2019 to March 2020 through focus group discussions with 59 youths aged 15-24 years and in-depth interviews with four youths who had experienced an adolescent pregnancy. All participants were purposively recruited and volunteered. The data were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using content analysis.Reflecting factors emerged from youths’ needs and contexts toward access to sexual and reproductive health services. Five categories were classified: 1) inaccessibility to existing services, 2) unacceptability of available services, 3) unaware of access to effective information, 4) community’s negative attitude toward youths accessing services, and 5) availability of other convenience services. These findings provide useful information for healthcare providers, particularly nurses and other stakeholders to better understand the perspectives of youths, enhance awareness of collaboration, and promote participation among youths in the development of intervention and strategies to improve access to sexual and reproductive health services.

Peer Education Improve Knowledge and Attitude About Sexual Behavior in Adolescents: A Literature Review

Adolescents are included in the high-risk age group. Increased free sex behavior in adolescents has an impact on sexual and reproductive health problems. This phenomenon is supported by the increasing number of sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents. Several programs and policies have been adopted to improve adolescent reproductive health through coaching and counseling. Adolescents have confidence in their peers so peer education is an alternative intervention in increasing awareness of reproductive health. This study aims to comprehensively analyze research articles that discuss the effectiveness of peer education on knowledge and attitudes about sexual behavior in adolescents. The research design uses a literature review through the journal databases PubMed, Science Direct, and EBSCO. Researchers analyzed 18 research articles based on the inclusion criteria set, namely the time of publication in the 2015-2020 range, using English, being accessible for free, and teenage respondents. The exclusion criteria consisted of married adolescent respondents and adolescent sexual violence behavior. Keywords using peer education, knowledge, attitude, sexual behavior. Data analyzed using a table containing the author, year, method, sample, and research results. The results of the analysis of research articles show that peer education is a preventive and promotive effort in increasing knowledge and attitudes about sexual behavior in adolescents. The role of peers is an important component in this health education model. This model can be integrated and modified in adolescent reproductive health services in health care facilities.

PENGARUH EDUKASI KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN SISWA/I TENTANG SEKS BEBAS DI SMKN 4 MERANGIN

<p><strong><em>Free sex is one of the reproductive health problems in adolescents. The World Health Organization (2016) states that approximately 21 million young women aged 15–19 in developing countries experience pregnancy every year and nearly half of these pregnancies (49%) is an unwanted pregnancy. Such pregnancies are caused by deviant sex behaviors that tend to increase every year. This study aims to find out the effect of reproductive health education on students' knowledge about free sex at SMKN 4 Merangin in 2020.This research uses quantitative research design with pseudo pre-experimental method with one group pretest posttest design approach. This research was conducted on 01-10 December 2020 at SMKN 4 Merangin. The population in this study is all students of class X-XI SMKN 4 Merangin school year 2020/2021. Data collection using questionnaires. Data is analyzed univariately and bivariately.The results of this study showed that the average value of knowledge before education was 13.6849 and the average value of knowledge after being given education was 19,. There is an influence of reproductive health education on students' knowledge about free sex in SMKN 4 Merangin in 2020 with significant value = 0.000 < 0.05The results showed that there was an increase in knowledge before and after reproductive health education. Therefore, the school can conduct education at least once a month to increase the knowledge of adolescents, especially about adolescent reproductive health problems.</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords : Reproductive Health, Knowledge</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Reference : 33 (2009-2020)</em></strong></p>

Correlation between Stress Level and Menstrual Cycle in Medical Students in Surabaya

Background: Stress has both positive and negative impacts. One of the effects of stress is the irregularity of the menstrual cycle. Irregular menstrual cycles are an important indicator of current and potential reproductive health problems in the future. Various previous studies have shown that there is a relationship between stress levels and menstrual cycle irregularities. Methods: This study is a quantitative study, that is observational analytic with cross sectional method using primary data obtained from questionnaires. The population in this study were all female students from a Faculty of Medicine in Surabaya batch of 2019. The sampling technique in this study was non-random sampling, consecutive sampling. The variables in this study are stress levels and menstrual cycles. Results: The results of this study indicate that the majority of respondents are not stressed or normal (75%) and have menstrual cycles within the normal range (71%). The results of the correlation test show a significance value or Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.169, which means that the relationship between the stress level variable and the menstrual cycle is not significant or not significant. Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between stress level and menstrual cycle in medical students in Surabaya.

Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Willd): A herbal boon to women reproductive health and an overview of current research

Shatavari is known as the Queen of Herbs in our medicine. The plant Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus Willd) is used extensively in Indian systems of medicine, i.e. AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopath, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy). It is native to India, a woody climbing plant; both the rhizome and whole plant are useful as medicine in a wide range of diseases. It has been used in medicine for the reproductive health problems, lack of milk in lactating mothers, bleeding through urethra, epilepsy, hoarseness of voice, night blindness, scanty urination, erysipelas and cough etc since time immemorial. It is rich in alkaloids viz. steroidal Saponin (Shatavarin-1 to 6), Carboxylic acid, Isoflavones, Polycyclic hydrocarbons, Furan compound, Sterols, Kaempferol and some miscellaneous constituents. The main pharmacological activities observed in this study are Galactogogue, antioxidant, aphrodisiacs, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, antiemesis, anticonvulsant, antiulcer and anti-anxiety activity etc. Further research and investigation requires for its bioactivity, mechanism of action, pharmacotherapeutics, toxicity, standardization and safe use of this vital drug of Ayurveda. The present review incorporated a detailed account of the plant highlighting its medicinal uses, pharmacological activities on the experimental, preclinical toxicological study along current research potentials.

Community Empowerment of Parents Concerned about Adolescent Reproductive Health in Krucil District Probolinggo with CBR Approach (Community-Based Research)

Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood. Teenager experience changes both physically and psychologically that are vulnerable to experiencing problems such as free sex, unwanted pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted diseases to early marriage. In Krucil District, Probolinggo, there are still many early marriages found. The marriage rate of less than 20 years in Krucil District is 61. Parents have an important role in determining child marriage. Formation The Community of Parents Caring for Adolescent Reproductive Health is expected to improve knowledge, attitudes and behavior of parents related to adolescent reproductive health so that they can prevent reproductive health problems. The method of community service that used is CBR (Community-Based Research). Devotion is done with empowering stakeholders in the community, namely health workers, educators and local community leaders. Establishment of a community of parents who care about reproductive health This is done by providing education and knowledge about reproductive health. After getting education, parents have good knowledge and there are changes attitudes and behavior of parents towards reproductive health. People are able to explain return the reproductive health materials that have been submitted. It is hoped that with this community, there is an increase in public knowledge about reproductive health and Changes in people's attitudes and behavior, especially in preventing health problems reproduction

Identification of potential key genes related to idiopathic male infertility using RNA-sequencing data: an in-silico approach

Among reproductive health problems, idiopathic infertility affects married couples. The current diagnosis of male infertility focuses on the concentration, motility, and morphology of sperm in the ejaculate. Since the molecular mechanism of idiopathic infertility is unknown, identification of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) among the control and idiopathic infertile male can shed light on diagnosis and treatment. Here, we analyzed the dataset GSE65683 to identify DEGs in idiopathic human sperm in three groups of patients: (i) Timed Intercourse (TIC); (ii) Intrauterine Insemination (IUI); and (iii) Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). The enrichment analysis was carried out using DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery) and GeneCodis for the DEGs. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network of these DEGs were constructed using the STRING database. The network parameters such as degree and betweenness were calculated to select the important hubs. In total, 118 DEGs in TIC, 446 in IUI, and 188 in ART were identified. PPI network was constructed and identified critical top hub genes such as ACTB, BTBD6, EIF2S3, EIF3A, EIF4E, POLR2L, RPL4, RPL7, RPS11, RPL13, RPS15, RPL23, RPL27, RPL9, RPLP0 and UBA52 that may play an essential role in idiopathic male infertility. Thus, the identified hub genes may provide an insight into the molecular mechanism and contribute to discovering novel therapeutic targets and developing new strategies for idiopathic male infertility.

Study on small ruminant brucellosis and owners awareness in two selected districts of southern region, Ethiopia.

Brucellosis is one of the infectious diseases that has the greatest impact on the productivity of sheep and goats. A cross-sectional study followed by a simple random sampling technique was used to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis (Rose Bengal plate test; RBPT and complement fixation test; CFT) in small ruminants and its related risk variables from November 2019 to June 2020 in Kolme and Abala Abaya districts. A questionnaire was also given to owners to assess their existing knowledge of the disease. Using the RBPT and CFT, 28 (4.1%) and 23 (3.33%) of the 690 animals were found to be seropositive for brucellosis, respectively. In this study, the seroprevalence of brucellosis detected in the Kolme district (5.3%) was greater when compared to Abala Abaya (1.0%). The odds of Brucella infection were greater for goats (odds ratio [OR] 6.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 16 0.8-44.9) than for sheep. The odds of adult animals (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.03-0.07) being positive for brucellosis was higher than young animals. A statistically significant difference in the seropositivity of brucellosis was detected in univariate logistic regression among districts, different age groups, herd size, parity number, and reproductive health problems except for species and sex, but in multivariate logistic regression, only reproductive health problems were revealed a statistically significant difference. Out of 138 families, 100% of respondents were unaware of brucellosis, 94.5% drink raw milk, and 74% handle animals with retained fetal membranes with their bare hands. This study showed that brucellosis was a widely spread disease in the study areas and poses a substantial public health danger. To reduce the spread of the disease in small ruminants, public health risks, and economic losses, stringent vaccination application and awareness of personal hygiene are critical.

Reproductive health knowledge, attitude and health services utilization among adolescent in Kaski District

Introduction: Adolescent reproductive health has become a great concern today due to increasing rate of unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion and sexually transmitted disease. Hence, the objective of the study was to assess the reproductive health knowledge, attitude and health services utilization among adolescents in rural and urban areas of Kaski district.
 Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 419 adolescents (10-19 years of age) in rural and urban areas of Kaski district, Nepal. Multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to select required number of participants.
 Results: Out of 419, majority (78.8%) of the respondents were known about family planning, among them only 70.0% of respondents were aware about family planning methods. Fifty-one percentages of the respondents were aware about the sexually transmitted diseases. Nearly twenty-six percentage of the respondents faced the reproductive health problems within one month. Out of 107 respondents, 57.9% did not utilize reproductive health services.
 Conclusion: The overall level of knowledge towards reproductive health among adolescents was found low. However, levels of attitude towards different reproductive health components were found favorable. Only 42.1% of the respondents utilized reproductive health services among those who faced the reproductive health problems within one month.

Analysis of the Effect of Age on Women's Reproductive Health Using the Mixed Method

The increase in age has a major effect on life expectancy, especially for women, encouraging the wisdom of the elderly population, the increase in the number of the old population is not only interpreted as an increase in the level of welfare and the increase in health conditions but can also be interpreted as a burden because this old age group is no longer productive. Reproductive health problems need to be widely socialized so that women / future mothers know the reproductive problems they will experience and get a way out of these problems. In addition to the influence of age, another thing that affects reproductive health in women is the reproductive health organs themselves. Without knowing the reproductive health organs well, it is feared that the future mothers will be completely blind and may eventually result in the harmony of the husband and wife relationship. reproductive health is a good state of physical, mental and social well-being, not only free from disease or disability, but also healthy from aspects related to the reproductive system, its functions and processes. Based on the results of previous studies, the total population in Tumpatan Nibung Village, Batang Kuis district, is 6,898 people and 1,100 households this number is part of the total population in batang kuis district, Deli Serdang regency. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of age on women's reproductive health in Tumpatan Nibung Village, Batang Kuis District, Deli Serdang Regency. The method used in this study is Mixed Method Research (MMR) which is a research method that is applied and tested in terms of outcomes and processes with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative study population was 250 people, with a sample plan of 158 people. Quantitative analysis in a univariate, bivariate manner using chi-square with multivariate using multiple logistic regression at a confidence level of 95% (α=0.05). The data obtained from the measurement results can be used as an analysis of the next program situation by using test analysis using SPSS on the running system and turning it into an Analysis system as outcomes

The effectiveness of peer educators and guidance counselling teachers to the knowledge of reproductive health

Adolescence is the most vulnerable period to reproductive health problems. These problems include early pregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexually infections transmitted (STIs) including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), sexual abuse. Access for sexuality education and reproductive health services to comprehensive and youth-friendly was limited. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of peer educators and guidance and counselling teachers in adolescent reproductive health level of knowledge. This is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design with treatment groups using peer educators and teacher as control groups. The sample size was 70 respondents. Data was collected by questionnaire that already had validity and reliability test. Data analysis used univariate, t-test and logistic regression. The results of this study showed that the provision of information was more effective through guidance conselling teachers (p=0.000, exp B=14.5). This study recommends that improve adolescents’ reproductive knowledge need to optimize the role of guidance and counseling teachers in providing information.

The Relationship Between Attitudes, Vulva Hygiene And Diet With The Incidence Of Vaginal Discharge In Students Of The Midwifery Study Program At Universitas Kader Bangsa Palembang In 2022

One of the reproductive health problems in adolescent girls is vaginal discharge. This research is correlational analytic research with cross sectional approach. The sample was selected using purposive sampling with a sample of 40 respondents. Collecting research data using a questionnaire. Data analysis.was carried out in several stages, namely univariate analysis and also bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test. Based on the results of the analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between attitudes (P-value 0.027), vulvar hygiene (P-value 0.001) and eating patterns (P-value 0.005) on the incidence of vaginal discharge. There is a relationship between attitudes, vulvar hygiene and eating patterns with the incidence of vaginal discharge in the midwifery study program students of UKB Palembang in 2022.

Correlation of hypothyroidism and reproductive health problems

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is 10 times more common in women than in men. Hypothyroidism among women of reproductive age group is linked to menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), miscarriage and infertility. Several studies are available in the literature reporting regarding impact of hypothyroidism on one or the other isolated problems of reproductive health problems. Objectives: This study is undertaken to correlate hypothyroidism and reproductive health problems like menstrual irregularities, infertility, PCOS, recurrent pregnancy loss. Materials & Methods: Study Population: All women of age between 18-45 years with reproductive health problems like menstrual irregularities, infertility, PCOS, early pregnancy loss, recurrent pregnancy loss attending Gynaecology OPD in Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College Hospital between March 2022-August 2022. Sample Size: 100 patients. Results: Majority (30%) in the study were belonging to the 18-24. Age group with mean age being 30.31 and median age 29 years. The study shows that majority of participants having normal BMI fall between 18-24 years of age group. Hypothyroidism with infertility was associated in 14% cases, but Test Statistic and P- Value which is found to be 1.315 and 0.711 respectively, are not statistically significant. b