Reproductive Health Behaviors Research Articles

Consanguineous marriages and their association with women’s reproductive health and fertility behavior in Pakistan: secondary data analysis from Demographic and Health Surveys, 1990–2018

BackgroundPakistan has been showing consistently the highest prevalence of consanguinity. The popularity of consanguineous marriages is not declining in the country, because of social, cultural, and religious beliefs as well as economic advantages. However, couples also face various health-related implications, such as poor pregnancy outcomes or multiple reproductive and fertility consequences, having adverse effects on mothers and their children. This research investigated the trend of consanguineous marriages and their association with women’s reproductive health and fertility behavior in Pakistan from 1990 to 2018.MethodsThis study is based on secondary data analysis, using all four waves of the Pakistan Demographic Health Surveys carried out from 1990 to 2018. The analysis is limited to women aged 15–49 years, who had given birth in the previous five years preceding each survey. Sampling weights were calculated and subsequently weighted analysis was conducted. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the association of consanguinity with multiple characteristics related to socio-demographics, co-variates, and women’s reproductive health and fertility behaviors.ResultsThe findings revealed a high but overall stable trend of consanguinity prevalence of about 63% during the last three decades. Consanguineous marriages were more prevalent amongst young and uneducated women, living in rural areas, with poorer wealth status and having less exposure to mass media to access information. A strong association of consanguinity was observed with women’s reproductive health and fertility behavior, particularly for women who gave first birth at a younger age, had multi-gravida pregnancies, multi-parity, pregnancy termination, ANC visits, and higher fertility.ConclusionConsanguineous marriages are predominant in the patriarchal society of Pakistan. Findings revealed that consanguinity contributes significantly to women’s reproductive health and fertility behaviors. Appropriate counseling, educational, and health promotional programs related to consanguinity should be designed and launched at the community level to raise awareness about risks towards women’s reproductive health and fertility.

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION AND LITERATURE WEEK AS A PSYCOEDUCATION MEDIA IN YOUTH

Reproductive health problems and risky behavior in the context of adolescents are increasingly being considered worldwide, as the results of the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) reveal that adolescents throughout Indonesia experience sexuality problems. A similar condition is shown by adolescents in the target areas where knowledge of reproductive health and sexual risk behavior is low with a proportion of 10.26% for boys and 10% for girls out of a total of 40 adolescents surveyed. This educational program aims to increase awareness and knowledge of adolescents about reproductive health and risky sexual behavior. Activities in the form of seven (7) online sessions via Instagram Live during 24 July – 8 August 2021 covering material: adolescent sexual behavior, adolescent development, adolescent reproduction, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS, early marriage, unwanted pregnancy, and risky behavior. teenager. The results of the activity showed that the target youth (72% girls and 28% boys aged 11-19 years) had adequate awareness and knowledge about reproductive health and the impact of risky behavior. Educational activities were able to increase knowledge of reproductive health in adolescents after the provision of materials with a fairly high effectiveness (ES = 1.45).

Internet-Based Information Behavior After Pregnancy Loss: Interview Study.

BackgroundInformation behavior describes all human behaviors in relation to information. Individuals experiencing disruption or stigma often use internet-based tools and spaces to meet their associated information needs. One such context is pregnancy loss, which, although impactful and common, has been absent from much of feminist and reproductive health and information behavior scholarship. By understanding information behavior after pregnancy loss and accounting for it in designing internet-based information spaces, we can take a meaningful step toward countering the stigma and silence that many who experience such loss endure, facilitate coping, and make space for diverse pregnancy narratives in our society.ObjectiveThis study’s objective is to provide a characterization of internet-based information behavior after pregnancy loss.MethodsWe examined internet-based information behavior after pregnancy loss through 9 in-depth interviews with individuals residing in the United States. We analyzed the data by using open and axial coding.ResultsWe identified the following three themes in relation to participants’ information behavior in internet-based spaces: needed information types, information-related concerns, and information outcomes. We drew from information behavior frameworks to interpret the processes and concerns described by participants as they moved from recognizing information needs to searching for information and to using information and experiencing outcomes. Specifically, we aligned these themes with information use concepts from the information behavior literature—information search, knowledge construction, information production, information application, and information effects. Participants’ main concerns centered on being able to easily find information (ie, searchability), particularly on topics that had already been covered (ie, persistence), and, once found, being able to assess the information for its relevance, helpfulness, and credibility (ie, assessability). We suggest the following design implications that support health information behavior: assessability, persistence, and searchability.ConclusionsWe examined internet-based information behavior in the context of pregnancy loss, an important yet silenced reproductive health experience. Owing to the prevalence of information seeking during pregnancy, we advocate that generic pregnancy-related information spaces should address the needs related to pregnancy loss that we identified in addition to spaces dedicated to pregnancy loss. Such a shift could not only support those who use these spaces to manage pregnancies and then experience a loss but also help combat the silence and stigma associated with loss and the linear and normative narrative by which pregnancies are often represented.

Formation and Training of Peer Counselors on PKPR and Post-Covid-19 AKB Socialization

Limited knowledge of students about adolescent reproductive health is a problem that is often found in Islamic boarding school. The behavior of teenagers who often wear clothes or towels alternating with friends will be very influential for the reproductive health of adolescents, and it is feared that it could become a medium of spread of covid-19. Therefore, it is necessary to establish youth counselors and training through the provision of information as well as counseling practices on Youth Care Health Services (PKPR) and Socialization of New Habit Adaptation (AKB) after covid-19 in Al-Ittihaad Islamic Boarding School Purbaratu. The purpose of this PKM activity is to train and provide information on the importance of maintaining health by paying attention to adolescent reproductive health behaviors in Islamic boarding school with the implementation of health protocols / adaptation of new habits (AKB), which in the end participants are able to relay the information that has been obtained during the training process to others. The method in this activity is the establishment of youth counselors from santri sons and daughters. Providing training by directly training participants conduct counseling practices to their peers in the post-covid-19 PKPR and AKB. Conduct health protocols to prevent the spread of covid-19 virus in Islamic boarding school. The result of this activity is the increasing knowledge and skills of peer counsellors about PKPR and AKB post-covid-19 in Islamic boarding school.Conclusion is that participants can know and better understand and apply directly the material about PKPR and AKB post-covid-19 in Islamic boarding school.

Overlapping needs for sexual and reproductive health and HIV prevention in women with substance use disorders.

Objectives:Women with substance use disorders have high unmet needs for HIV prevention and drug treatment and face challenges accessing care for other unique health issues, including their sexual and reproductive health.Methods:We did a cross-sectional evaluation of sexual and reproductive health behaviors and outcomes among women with substance use disorders, who were enrolled in one of two concurrent clinical trials of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention. Descriptive analyses and bivariate logistic regression were used to assess factors driving contraceptive use, and other essential sexual and reproductive health services utilization and outcomes.Results:Among 226 women, 173 (76.5%) were of reproductive age. Most women had histories of unintended pregnancy (79.2%) or miscarriage (45.1%) and high HIV risk behaviors (53.5%). Most (61%) participants did not use any form of contraception at the time of assessment, although few (15%) reported pregnancy intentions. In bivariate models, ongoing criminal justice involvement was associated with 2.22 higher odds of not using contraception (95% confidence interval = 1.09–4.53; p = 0.03) and hazardous drinking was protective against not using contraception (odds ratio = 0.33, 95% confidence interval = 0.13–0.81; p = 0.02). Contraception use was not significantly associated with any other individual characteristics or need factors.Conclusions:This is the first study that identifies the unmet sexual and reproductive health needs of women with substance use disorders who are engaging with pre-exposure prophylaxis. We found that women accessed some health services but not in a way that holistically addresses the full scope of their needs. Integrated sexual and reproductive care should align women’s expressed sexual and reproductive health intentions with their behaviors and outcomes, by addressing social determinants of health.

Analyzing program data and promotional approaches to inform best practices from a mobile phone-based reproductive health message program in Afghanistan.

ObjectiveDigital health technologies have contributed to the adoption of beneficial reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) behaviors through social and behavior change programming, including in hard-to-reach settings. On-demand digital health interventions rely on promotions to build awareness and increase use among target audiences. There is little research on preferred content and use of promotional approaches for RMNCH digital health activities.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of Mobile for Reproductive Health (m4RH) data in Afghanistan to assess the use and changes in call volume via the 2-3-4 platform by promotional approaches over 23 months between October 2017 and August 2019.ResultsThere were 103,859 completed messages (CM) heard. Most callers reporting demographics were under 18 years, with roughly even distribution by gender. The number of CMs listened to across all menus increased with time. The basic m4RH family planning menu was most popular, with callers most frequently selecting information on intrauterine contraceptive devices. Nine types of promotional approaches were implemented. Compared against call volume, SMS blast promotion was the most productive promotional approach, radio broadcasts had modest increases, and social media and interpersonal communication demonstrated no clear change.Conclusionsm4RH use increased over time, particularly among younger people. The number of promotional approaches used does not appear as important as the type of approach used to generate program awareness. Mass media communications, including SMS blast promotions and radio broadcasts, may be the most effective strategies. Deeper program data analysis can guide tailoring of message content and promotional approaches to reach target audiences with the RMNCH content they most value.

Adolescents' Sexual and Reproductive Health Behavior Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic in Lurambi Sub-County, Kakamega, Kenya: The Impact of Prior Knowledge

Adolescents' Sexual and Reproductive Health Behavior Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic in Lurambi Sub-County, Kakamega, Kenya: The Impact of Prior Knowledge

EFEKTIFITAS MODUL DAN AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN TENTANG DETEKSI KANKER SERVIKS MELALUI METODE IVA PADA WUS SUKU TERASING DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TAMILOUW KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

Background: Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that 99.7% is caused by the oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV), which attacks the cervix. The groups at risk for cervical cancer are women of childbearing age who engage in sexual activity at an early age, have many children and have poor reproductive health behavior. The habit of changing sexual partners is one of the main factors in transmitting the HPV virus. One of the "Pinamou" traditions, the isolated tribal community in the working area of ​​the Tamilouw Health Center provides opportunities for adolescents to engage in sexual activity at an early age, marry/marry at an early age, the average number of children is more than four, giving birth with complications/bleeding. Therefore, it is necessary IVA examination for early detection of cervical cancer. 
 Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of audio-visual modules and media on knowledge about cervical cancer detection through the IVA method in Wus from isolated tribes. Methode: The research method is a quantitative research using a quasi-experimental design through a pretest posttest one group design approach. The number of samples used were 66 respondents with consecutive sampling technique that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria consisting of 33 respondents using modules and 33 respondents using audiovisual. Data were collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed descriptively using the Wilcoxon rank test formula and the Mann-Whitney test. Result: The results showed that health education using modules and audiovisuals had an effect on WUS knowledge about early detection of cervical cancer in the Tamilouw Health Center Work Area, and the use of audiovisuals was more effective than modules in increasing WUS knowledge. The cooperation of cadres and village officials is needed to disseminate information and knowledge to be followed up on VIA examinations in Health Services.
 Keywords: Audio visual; IVA; Module; Knowledge; WUS

Knowledge about sexually transmitted infections among sexual and reproductive health clinic attendants in Ghana

Background: Prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are important to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. Awareness and knowledge about STIs promote healthy reproductive health behaviours. Objective: This study assessed the knowledge about STIs and their prevention among sexual and reproductive health clinic attendants. Methods: A survey was administered to attendants at two sexual and reproductive health clinics in Ghana. Questions included demographics, utilization of reproductive services, knowledge about STIs, and personal behaviours regarding STI prevention. AnSTI Knowledge Score was created by summing correct responses to thirty-three factual questions on STI transmission, prevention, and symptoms. Results: Of 155 participants, 85.8% reported any knowledge about STIs, and 56.8% had been educated about STIs by healthcare providers at the sexual and reproductive health clinic. Initial education about STIs was most encountered at school (56.3%). Most participants correctly identified gonorrhoea (87.1%), syphilis (65.8%), and human immunodeficiency virus(94.8%) as STIs, however, less than half correctly identified chlamydia (46.5%) and hepatitis B (45.2%). Regarding knowledge of transmission, 93.5% knew that STIs are transmitted through unprotected intercourse, however,36.1% incorrectly believed that STIs could be spread by sharing cups and spoons. The majority (90.2%) correctly identified condoms as a method of STI prevention. On a 33-point STI Knowledge Score, participants had a mean[±standard deviation (SD)]of 21(±-1.2). overall, 21.2%of participants had “poor” knowledge, 50.4% had “satisfactory” knowledge and 28.4% had “excellent” knowledge. Overall, 79% of participants felt that they were prepared to share information about STIs with others. A higher level of knowledge was associated with a greater preparedness to share. Conclusion: Attendants of sexual and reproductive health clinics have a high awareness about STIs, however important knowledge gaps exist. We highlight the importance of sexual and reproductive health clinics providing comprehensive STI counselling

A structural equation modeling of reproductive health promoting behaviors among female adolescents in the Philippines.

Integrated reproductive health promoting behaviors, including safe sexual intercourse, preventing sexually transmitted diseases, sexual responsibility, and genital health management, are essential for adolescents in developing countries. The Philippines is currently facing several reproductive health threats. The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting reproductive health promoting behaviors based on a theoretical model using structural equation modeling. In this cross-sectional study and a structural equation modeling, a total of 227 female adolescents in the Philippines participated in a self-reported questionnaire survey. The results indicated that reproductive health knowledge (β=.14, p=.033), attitudes regarding reproductive health behaviors (β=.31, p=.027), and reproductive health self-efficacy (β=.31, p=.002) influenced participants' reproductive health promoting behaviors. Social norms (β=.31, p=.021) influenced reproductive health self-efficacy and indirectly influenced reproductive health promoting behaviors. Attitude toward gender roles (β=.20, p=.020) was associated with reproductive health knowledge. This study confirmed the direct effect of reproductive health knowledge, attitudes regarding reproductive behaviors, and reproductive health self-efficacy, as well as the indirect effect of social norms, on reproductive health promoting behaviors using structural equation modeling.

Mental health outcomes of a pilot 2-arm randomized controlled trial of a HIV-prevention program for South African adolescent girls and young women and their female caregivers

BackgroundSouth African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) report significant mental distress and sexual and reproductive health concerns. Mental health problems and trauma symptoms are consistently associated with sexual and reproductive health behavior. Despite their intersection, few interventions address them simultaneously or engage female caregivers (FC) as collaborators. This study presents findings from a pilot test of an empirically supported culturally adapted family-based HIV-prevention program, Informed Motivated Aware and Responsible Adolescents and Adults- South Africa (IMARA-SA), on AGYW anxiety, depression, and trauma.MethodsSixty 15–19-year-old AGYW (mean age = 17.1 years) and their FC from outside Cape Town were randomized to IMARA-SA or a health promotion control program. AGYW reported their anxiety using the GAD-7, depression using the PHQ-9, and trauma using the PC-PTSD-5 at baseline and follow-up (6–10 months post). Both interventions were delivered by Xhosa-speaking Black South African women in groups over 2 days for approximately 10 h. We examined intervention effects using zero-inflated negative binomial regression for anxiety, multinomial logistic regression for depression, and logistic regression for trauma.ResultsAt baseline, groups did not differ in demographic characteristics but AGYW randomized to IMARA-SA had higher depression scores than controls (p = 0.04) and a greater proportion screened positive for PTSD (p = .07). Controlling for baseline mental health scores, AGYW who received IMARA-SA compared to controls had significantly fewer anxiety symptoms at follow-up (adjusted incidence rate ratio for count model = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.29–0.99, p = 0.05), were less likely to report at least one depressive symptom relative to no symptoms (relative risk ratio = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.95, p = 0.04), and were less likely to report symptoms of PTSD relative to no symptoms, but this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsMental health is implicated in risky sexual behavior, and reducing emotional distress can mitigate exposure to poor sexual and reproductive health outcomes. This pilot study yielded promising findings for the mental health impact of IMARA-SA, justifying replication in a larger randomized trial.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Number NCT04758390, accepted 17/02/2021.

Sexual and reproductive health of incarcerated women in French Guiana: a qualitative approach.

Incarcerated women are a vulnerable population in terms of sexual and reproductive health. In French Guiana, most incarcerated women come from unsafe environments and are incarcerated because of drug trafficking. Medical follow-up processes used in prison (medical assessment on arrival, and then two half-days per week upon request but without an obstetrician-gynecologist) does not allow for a thorough assessment of the impact of incarceration on women prisoners' health to take place. In the absence of data, the purpose of this study was to describe incarcerated women's experiences in relation to sexual and reproductive health. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among French-speaking adult women who had been incarcerated for at least four months in a French Guianan prison. Menstruation, contraception, pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted infections and sexuality were described by means of interpretative phenomenological analysis. A total of 14 women were interviewed. They suffered from menstrual cycle disorders, poor hygiene and menstrual insecurity. They appeared to have emotionally disinvested sexuality. However, intra-prison sexual activity existed for some (masturbation, conjugal prison visits, homosexual intercourse between fellow prisoners). Homosexual relations were a source of discrimination. Being pregnant while incarcerated was viewed negatively. A lack of knowledge about sexual and reproductive health and high-risk behaviors such as piercing and tattooing practices were widespread. Incarceration is a vulnerable time for women's sexual and reproductive health. Sexual activity exposes women to risks and discrimination that should be taken into account in a multidisciplinary approach adapted to the prison environment.

Associations between adverse childhood experiences and contraceptive use among young adults in Honduras

ObjectiveResearch on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and use of modern contraception is limited in Honduras. The government has made substantial gains in promoting modern contraception. Young adults experience high rates of violence. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between ACEs and contraceptive behaviors among young women and men. MethodsWe used data from 810 women and 753 men aged 18–24 years from the 2017 Honduras Violence against Children Survey, a cross-sectional, nationally representative household survey of childhood adversity. We assessed associations between ACEs and three contraceptive use outcomes: use versus nonuse of modern contraceptives; use of methods requiring medium/high or low programmatic support among current contraceptive users; and frequent versus infrequent condom use. FindingsExposure to physical or emotional abuse and witnessing violence in the home was not significantly associated with the three contraceptive use outcomes for men or women. Sexual abuse and parental separation reduced odds of contraceptive use among women (Odds Ratio (OR) < 0.60) but not among men. In contrast, orphan status increased odds of modern contraception use among men (OR 1.93) and frequent condom use among women (OR 2.22). ConclusionThe inconsistent direction and magnitude of associations between ACEs and modern contraceptive use among young men and women suggests divergent relationships between ACEs and sexual and reproductive health behaviors. Results may highlight the strength of norms around contraceptive use and/or widespread access to community-based family planning programs and comprehensive sexuality education, irrespective of exposure to ACEs in Honduras.

Reproductive Health and Reproductive Behavior of Modern Youth

Abstract: The article provides theoretical views on reproductive health, especially women’s health. Preserving the reproductive health of young people and optimizing their reproductive behavior by developing principles for preventing unwanted pregnancies and introducing a set of measures aimed at preventing complications of abortions, subsequent pregnancies and childbirth, and preventing repeated abortions. Keywords: reproductive health, pregnancies, reproductive behavior of young people, maternal mortality, abortion.

Analysis of sexual and reproductive health indicators according sexual orientation young Brazilians’

Abstract Background Sexual and reproductive health indicators and behaviors may occur differently between sex and according to sexual orientation. In addition, there is a lack of studies that consider sexual orientation and approach young adults in Brazil. Objective To analyze sexual and reproductive health indicators of young Brazilian adults and their differences according to sex and sexual orientation. Methods Cross-sectional study with 2,063 young adults, undergraduate students from a public university who responded to the online survey. We estimated the prevalence of sexual and reproductive health indicators, desire or not to have children, report of pregnancy and feeling about the pregnancy state), according to sex (male and female) and sexual orientation (heterosexual, bisexual, homosexual). Differences between prevalence were assessed using Pearson's chi-square test. Results Among heterosexuals, condoms were the contraceptive method most used by men (90.6%) and women (75.5%). Women used double protection (53.5%) and had a fixed sexual partner (67.8%) in a greater proportion. Men, on the other hand, maintain the practice of casual relationships more frequently (70.5%) and 43.2% have already had unprotected casual relationships. Among bisexuals, condoms were the method most used by men (97.7%) and women (85.4%). In this group, 51% of women use double protection and have a steady partner (62.2%). Among homosexuals, 99.1% of gays and 46.1% of lesbians used condoms at the last sexual intercourse and 46.1% of lesbians used hormonal methods. Also, 28.8% of gays have already had an STI, a higher rate than among heterosexuals. Conclusions There are important differences in sexual and reproductive behaviors between genders and according to the sexual orientation of young people, such as greater vulnerability to STIs among gays and lesbians, and medicalization around the female body, highlighted by the permanence of questionable practices among lesbians. Key messages Gender issues could also explain the differences found between men and women. Differences between the sexes are also present when evaluating the use of protection against STIs or unplanned pregnancies.

PEJAMAS : PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA DENGAN MEDIA ANIMASI PADA SANTRI PUTRI DI SMP NURUL JADID PONDOK PESANTREN NURUL JADID

Adolescence period is a very critical period, during which adolescenct are very vulnerable to various reproductive health problems. Limited knowledge and understanding can lead adolescents towards risk behavior. Lack of knowledge about reproductive health, the importance of maintaining the cleanliness of reproductive organs, and the impact of irresponsible behavior causes some teenagers to experience health problems. Reproductive health behavior in adolescence is very important in determining the future of adolescents. Adolescent reproductive behavior will lead to reproductive risks, including the risk of unwanted pregnancy, abortion, HIV/AIDS, reproductive tract disorders, and psychosexual disorders due to sexual behavior. This condition shows that reproductive health information is very important for adolescents. The purpose of this activity is to provide adolescent reproductive health education for female students at the junior high school level at the Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School. The media used in the form of leaflets and animation of adolescent reproductive health. The result of this activity is an increase in knowledge about adolescent reproductive health

Development and Validation of the Couple Sexual Satisfaction Scale for HIV and Sexual Health Research.

Sexual satisfaction is an important dimension of relationship quality with implications for sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and HIV prevention, care, and treatment. We developed and validated the Couple Sexual Satisfaction Scale (CSSS) with heterosexual couples in sub-Saharan Africa.Using data from qualitative interviews with 94 partnered women and men in Swaziland and Malawi, we generated a 22-item scale and administered it to 211 couples with at least one partner living with HIV in Malawi. We performed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the factor structure. To assess validity, we tested for associations between the CSSS and relationship quality, consistent condom use, and intimate partner violence (IPV) using generalized estimating equations. The EFA yielded two factors, general sexual satisfaction (13-item CSSS-Gen subscale, e.g., "I am satisfied with the sweetness of sex in our relationship") and HIV-specific sexual satisfaction (4-item CSSS-HIV subscale, e.g., "My appetite for sex has gone down due to HIV"), accounting for 78% of the shared variance. The CFA supported the two-factor solution: χ2(118) = 203.60; CFI = 0.909; SRMR = 0.057; RMSEA = 0.058. Participants with higher CSSS-Gen scores reported higher coital frequency and relationship quality (intimacy, trust, unity, equality, relationship satisfaction, commitment, partner social support), and less consistent condom use, physical IPV, and emotional IPV. Participants with higher CSSS-HIV scores reported higher coital frequency and relationship quality (trust, partner support), and less consistent condom use, and sexual IPV. The CSSS demonstrated good psychometric properties and provides new opportunities to study sexual reproductive health and HIV-related health behaviors among couples in sub-Saharan Africa.

Peran Ibu dalam Pendidikan Kesehatan Reproduksi, Peran Bidan, Personal Hygine Menstruasi terhadap Kejadian Keputihan pada Remaja Putri

Introduction: Flour albus is a symptom disorders of the reproductive organs often experienced by most women, according to WHO (World Health Organization) 75% of women in the world will experience vaginal discharge at least once in a lifetime and as many as 45% will have 2 or more. This study aims to determine the relations of mother's role in reproductive health education, role of midwife, personal hygine menstruation of the teenage girl flour albus event in class VIII and IX at SMP Muhammadiyah 35 Jakarta&#x0D; Method: This research method uses quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The study sample used total sampling, namely all the teenage girl in class VIII and IX were 50 people&#x0D; Result: The results showed that there was a relationship between the mother's role in reproductive health education variable and the p-value of 0.003, the role of midwife variable with the result of p-value 0.001 and the variable personal hygine menstruation with a p-value of 0.015 for the teenage girl flour albus event.&#x0D; Discussion: 34 young women who experience vaginal discharge, 27 young women whose mothers do not play a role in health education, 27 young women who do not get the role of a midwife and 32 young women who are not good at performing menstrual personal hygiene. and there is a relationship between the role of mothers in reproductive health with the incidence of vaginal discharge in adolescent girls. In conclusion, it is expected the school to cooperate among parents and health officer, for the reproductive health education, to improve the degree of health and build good reproductive health behaviour, as well as to preventing and handling vaginal discharge in teenage girl.

The body cannot be cheated: sexual practices and modern contraceptive use among street-involved young people in two South West States in Nigeria

Background: Young people aged 10-24 years constitute about one-third of the total population of Nigeria. Street-involved young people (SIYP) face a double burden of living condition instability and lack of adequate parental monitoring. This leaves them vulnerable to poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) choices and behaviour. Risky sexual behaviour with poor access to SRH information and interventions increases their vulnerability to adverse SRH outcomes. This study explored the use of modern contraceptives and sexual practices among male and female SIYP (10-24 years) in Nigeria. Methods: This qualitative study used an exploratory research design to guide the development of the focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview (IDI) guides. Participants were asked questions on background information, lived experiences and SRH practices. The FGDs were stratified by sex and age. Both FGD discussions and IDI interviews were recoded; transcripts were transcribed and translated from local dialect into English language. Content analysis was conducted thematically with the aid of NVivo. Results: In total, 17 IDIs and 11 FGDs were conducted among SIYP aged 10-24 years. The total number of respondents interviewed was 109. There is high awareness of modern contraceptives among SIYP; the commonly known method was condom with a few also aware of emergency contraceptives pills. However, participants reported low use of modern contraceptives. The common reasons alluded for not using condoms were reduced sexual pleasure, cost and associated myths. The five themes that emerged under sexual practices of SIYP included early age at first sexual encounter, multiple sex partners, transactional sex, same-sex relationships, and transactional sex. Conclusions: There is low utilization of contraceptives by SIYP against the background of their high-risk sexual practices. SIYP would benefit from free contraceptive education, social safety nets and interventions to dissuade them from transactional sex and other unhealthy sexual practices.

Couple oriented counselling improves male partner involvement in sexual and reproductive health of a couple: Evidence from the ANRS PRENAHTEST randomized trial.

Male partner involvement (MPI) has been recognized as a priority area to be strengthened in Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. We explored the impact of Couple Oriented Counselling (COC) in MPI in sexual and reproductive health and associated factors. From February 2009 to October 2011, pregnant women were enrolled at their first antenatal care visit (ANC-1) and followed up until 6 months after delivery in the Mother and Child Center of the Chantal Biya Foundation within the randomized prenahtest multicentric trial. The MPI index was defined using sexual and reproductive health behaviour variables by using multiple correspondence analysis followed by mixed classification. Men were considered as highly involved if they had shared their HIV test results with their partner, had discussed on HIV or condom used, had contributed financially to ANC, had accompanied their wife to ANC or had practiced safe sex. Factors associated to MPI were investigated by the logistic model with GEE estimation approach. A total of 484 pregnant women were enrolled. The median age of the women was 27 years (IQR: 23-31) and 55.23% had a gestational age greater than 16 weeks at ANC-1. Among them, HIV prevalence was 11.9% (95% CI: 9.0-15.4). The median duration of the women's relationship with their partner was 84 months (IQR: 48-120). MPI index at 6 months after delivery was significantly greater in the COC group than the classical counselling group (14.8% vs 8,82%; p = 0,043; Fig 1). The partners of the women who participated in the COC were more likely to be involved during follow up than others (aOR = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.00-2.10). Partners with no incoming activity (aOR = 2.90; 95% CI = 1.96-4.29), who did not used violence within the couple (aOR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.07-2.68), and whose partner came early for ANC-1 (aOR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.00-1.89) were more likely to be involved than others. MPI remains low in stable couples and COC improves partner involvement. Our findings also support the need of strengthening outreach towards "stable" couples and addressing barriers. This could go a long way to improve PMTCT outcomes in Cameroon. PRENAHTEST, NCT01494961. Registered 15 December 2011-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01494961.