Reproductive Attitudes Research Articles

Inflammatory bowel disease has a negative impact on patients reproductive behaviour: the first multicentre survey in the Czech Republic

Background: Several previous studies reported the negative impact of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on reproductive plans and fertility rate. The aim of our study was to investigate, for the first time, reproductive attitudes and fertility rate among Czech patients with IBD. Methods: Between March and August 2019, consecutive patients with IBD from 22 centres across the Czech Republic responded anonymously to a predefined questionnaire focused on the patients’ demographics, details of IBD and treatment, gynaecological/urological history, reproductive issues and patients’ knowledge on this topic. Results: The questionnaire was filled in by 798 patients (526 women; median age 34 years, 66% with Crohn’s disease). Of these, 58% of the females and 47.1% of the males already had ≥ 1 child (median 2 children). Women with IBD were significantly more worried about infertility (55.5% versus 22.4%), had more limitations in their sexual life (53.2% vs. 26.8%) and more frequently changed their earlier reproductive plans (27.6% versus 11.0%) than the males (p < 0.0001). The total fertility rate in female IBD patients was lower compared to the general population with 1.004 live births/IBD woman versus 1.69 live births/woman in the Czech population. The pattern of decreased fertility was observed in all age-specific categories. Of the childless patients, 14% of the women and 18.1% of the men were voluntarily childless. Approximately one-half of them indicated their IBD to be the primary cause. Conclusions: IBD seems to have a negative impact on patients’ reproductive plans and attitudes. The fertility rate in Czech IBD female patients was decreased compared to the general population in this study.

Репродуктивные установки семьи: комплексный анализ в региональном контексте

Тhe article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the families’ reproductive attitudes, as a basis for understanding the complex demographic situation in the country and the Khabarovsk territory, due to a decrease in the birth rate and increase in the natural population decline. Empirical basis of the research was the results of all-Russian and regional sociological studies, as well as psych diagnostic methods of sociological surveys and diagnostics of families in the Khabarovsk territory. On their basis, the author analyzed the following components of reproductive attitude: awareness (cognitive component), attitude towards children (emotional component) and readiness for childbirth (behavioral component).The content of reproductive attitude of the respondent families main components was revealed, their hierarchy was determined, the values of the spouses and their gender characteristics were compared. It was concluded that the family's decision to have children is influenced by a complex of objective (socio-economic) and subjective (psychological) factors, among which the main role is played by the attitude of the spouse and, as a consequence, her position in determining the number of children in the family.

Personal characteristics of women with different reproductive attitudes

Personal characteristics of women with different reproductive attitudes

ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ СЕМЬИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ: СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article analyzes the data of a sociological study carried out among students of higher educational institutions of Khabarovsk, who are married officially and unofficially. In the context of this study, the motives for marriage, reproductive attitudes, the main problems faced by young people, the impact on academic performance and the quality of education, as well as their attitudes towards cohabitation were considered.

Childbearing: Re-production or Creation

The assisted reproduction possibilities, enhanced by the technology of gene editing, are considered in the context of the demographic trend to rationalize childbearing, expressed in the formula “a desired child at a desired time”. Applying of gene editing in human embryos illustrates the transition from quantitative measurements of procreation to the choice of the child "quality". The gene editing in the human embryo is presented as a consistent development of technological interventions into the area of human reproduction, it acts as a link in the expansion of implementation of the preimplantation diagnosis (PGD) of embryos method. When in the case of PGD the main purpose was selection, then nowadays it becomes possible to combine the selection of embryos with the modification of the genetic structure. The participation of geneticists in artificial reproduction increases the efficiency of IVF cycles and at the same time enhances the technological prosthetics of the childbearing process. Following the increase of supply in artificial reproduction, it becomes possible not just to plan a pregnancy, but also to control genetic bases that are still beyond human control, but also to determine the characteristics of an unborn child. A new anthropological situation of displacement or substitution of the value aspects of procreation, understood as procreation, i.e. a human creation, by reproduction - the production, the construction of an ability to give birth to a child first and then the children themselves. As a result, the meanings of childbearing are transformed, the reproductive attitudes and parents' intentions change. Arguments in discussions about the admissibility of intervention with the embryonic genome reflect contradictions in understanding the value of natural foundations in human birth, which are presented in procreation and reproduction opposition. An orientation towards the “quality” of children in social terms has its maintain in a transformation of family ties, in a values shift of kinship and parenthood. Thus, the gene-editing of the embryo enhances two tendencies in demographic behaviour: concern for the child “quality”, which entails eugenic consequences, and a constructive and technological trend in reproduction that threatening the natural foundations of procreation.

Тенденции и проблемы социального развития в Дальневосточном федеральном округе: 2013–2020 гг.

The article examines prevailing tendencies of social development in the Far-Eastern federal district during the period of active state policy for the advanced development of macro-region (2013–2020). On the basis of statistical information, the parameters reflecting the demographic dynamics and well-being of the population are analyzed in the context of the subjects of the Far-Eastern federal district. It was revealed that, despite the measures taken to stabilize the population and create comfortable conditions for attracting labor resources to the region, the downward trend of natural and migration movement of the population continues. It is shown that the persistence of an increased birth rate in national entities compared to the national average is accompanied by a decrease in the number of women of reproductive age and a drop in rates, including under the influence of adjusting reproductive attitudes against the background of a coronavirus infection pandemic, which is subsequently fraught with a transition to negative performance. It has been established that high mortality rates continue to persist in the macro-region, especially among people of working age, due to both the low standard of living and the poor development of the health infrastructure, which limits timely access to medical care. It is substantiated that the economic conditions during the study period did not contribute to the positive dynamics of the level of well-being of the population of the Far East, primarily due to the lack of growth in real cash income. A conclusion is made about the low probability of achieving the target social indicators stated in the official strategic documents for the development of the Far East.

Социально-экономический портрет многодетных родителей (на примере Республики Коми)

The paper presents a socio-economic and demographic portrait of parents with many children in the Komi Republic, aged 25-49, based on the results of 2017 sociological survey on determining the level and quality of life of the popula-tion of the northern region. In order to study the total sampling size, 70 respondents having three or more children, aged 25-49, were selected. To compare the data obtained on some issues, a comparison with the results of the survey as a whole for the entire group of respondents aged 25-49, without taking into account the number of children, was made. The study allowed us to make a number of conclusions. All three types of reproductive attitudes in large families are at a high level and correspond to extended type of reproduction. The highest is the average desired number of children. Among the large families, there are fewer people with higher education than in the whole array of respondents, and more of those with secondary special education. The housing problem is acute for a significant part of large families: almost a third of large families have cramped housing conditions. 40% of parents with many children, with all the desire to improve their housing conditions, cannot afford it in the near future. Low personal incomes (taking into account wages and other sources) are twice as likely to have large families than the general population, without taking into account number of children. The average per capita incomes of families differ significantly depending on the level of childbearing – due to the growing dependency burden on the budget. The most disturbing fact is that four out of ten families with three or more children have an average per capita income below the subsistence minimum in the Komi Republic. At the end of the paper, recommendations for improving the financial situation of families with three or more children are proposed.

Reproductive behavior of Russian women as depending on their level of education

There are many studies focusing on various effects of womens education, in particular, on decline in fertility in those societies that are at the second stage of the demographic transition. However, in societies that have completed this transition, the relationship between these phenomena is changing, which requires a special study. We need to understand how womens education affects fertility in Russia to assess the efficiency of social and demographic policies. The study aims at analyzing differences in fertility rates and womens reproductive attitudes as depending on the level of education. The study is based on the data of the sample surveys of reproductive plans (2017 and 2012) and of the 2010 All-Russian Census. In general, the results confirm the global trend: on average, women with a high education status have fewer children than women with a lower level of education; on average, the former are older when they have the first child and tend to have larger intergenetic intervals. The analysis of reproductive attitudes and intentions shows that women with higher and postgraduate education have a larger gap between the average desired and the expected number of children. Among the factors hindering the birth of the desired number of children, women of almost all levels of education name material and housing difficulties and uncertainty about the future; however, women with higher and postgraduate education mention these reasons less often - for them, it is more important to combine motherhood and work and to have high-quality services in various spheres.

Sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes and service uptake barriers among Zambian in-school adolescents: a mixed methods study

ABSTRACT The provision of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) accords opportunities for scientifically accurate information about sexual and reproductive health (SRH). We used a mixed-methods study to characterise adolescent SRH knowledge, attitudes and service utilisation experiences in the context of CSE implementation in Zambia. In-school young people aged 12–24 years (N = 1,612) in the North-Western Province were randomly surveyed. A 29-item index was constructed to measure alignment of knowledge, attitudes and values (KAV) with the CSE curriculum. Logistic regression, stratifying by sexual debut status, modelled associations of past-year HIV counselling and testing and family planning service access, respectively, with CSE-KAV index scores. Focus group discussions further explored perceptions of and experiences accessing SRH services. Despite moderate SRH knowledge and acceptability of SRH services, fewer than half of sexually experienced young people reported accessing SRH services. Among sexually experienced youth, neither HIV testing nor family planning service utilisation in the previous year were associated with higher CSE-KAV index scores. Salient barriers to SRH service uptake included limited perceived benefits, unsupportive household and community environments, and negative interactions with health providers. To increase accessibility and uptake of youth SRH services, linking school-based CSE to SRH services is recommended.

Prospects for the realization of reproductive installations of russian families in 2021–2025 based on the data from the sociological-demographic research

The article shows the characteristics of the changes in demographic structures and processes, as reflected in various configurations of sex and age pyramids, changing under the influence of a wide range of factors. The current trends in reproductive behavior are being considered. Based on the data from the sociological and demographic study (SeDOJ-2019), an analysis was conducted concerning the pregnancy history of women who participated in the survey, the probabilities of the reproductive events were investigated depending on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents in situations of reproductive choice, and the role of the reproductive attitudes in the context of reproductive behavior was determined. Furthermore, the results show that the use of contraception before pregnancy is not an unconditional indication for an induced abortion but only reduces the likelihood of having a baby. The presence of the interconnections between the level of need for children and the number of socio-demographic parameters (gender, age, education, number of children in the parental family, age of birth of the firstborn, etc.) is recorded, which can be used as reference in the establishment of the family-demographic policy, to effectively improve, with proper stimulation, the effectiveness in the realization of reproductive potential.

Особенности репродуктивных установок современной молодежи: мнения экспертов и реальность

Presented is analysis of results of sociological research of reproductive attitudes of young people in modern Russian society. The article states, that they are gradually transforming from traditional to adaptive ones. Reproductive attitudes are regulated partly by common norms and values and partly by personal reproductive views. However, they are changing. In the structure of life values of modern youth, children were ranked on the 3rd place in the hierarchy of importance (after health, family). While having a child is still dominant attitude, instrumental orientation to the child is strengthened. Only 18% of young people traditionally see the joy of life in children to some extent; 47% — categorically reject traditional attitudes to childhood as a guarantee of personal and family happiness; 14% — share liberal tolerant values of individualism in their reproductive attitudes. The modern young generation is characterized by an orientation towards having few children. This is manifested in a decrease in the orientation to have two children and an increase in the orientation to have only one child, or to be childfree. From one hand, that indicates the growing value of children themselves, from other hand that shows a reduction of having children among young people. A significant degree of actual distancing of reproductive behavior attitudes from traditional values and practices in this sphere of life, their individualization and rationalization are revealed. Young people who would like to have 2 or 3 children has only one especially among younger groups when their life strategy is more orientated on study, professional self-development and achievement economical comfort life. According to youth opinion the birth of a child brings more difficulties to life than positive changes, which provokes rationalism and pragmatism of individual reproductive attitudes of the younger generation. Unwillingness to have children contributes to the growth of contraceptive culture. Although, the development of contraceptive attitudes related to the reproductive sphere is slow, that provokes the problem of abortions or “accidental” “unwanted” children. Distribution of methods of making decisions about the birth of children and their number, as well as responsibility for the onset of pregnancy have already begun to acquire the character of asymmetry, shifted towards the woman.

DISCURSIVE GOVERNANCE OVER PRO-POPULATION POLITICS IN TURKEY

Discursive governance of pro-population politics refers to norm-based mechanisms of governance that utilise intentionally selected slogans in political discourse for dissemination of ideas to further the interests of political authorities. Such ideas can be disseminated via modern communication technologies enabling governance to build social representations within the public sphere without policy constraints. It is our proposal that the pro-population state discourse in Turkey after 2008 constitutes an example of discursive governance. Our findings show that discursive mechanisms can lead to a change in married couples’ reproductive attitude without significant policy alteration and further the debate in view of discursive governance of population politics.

Formation of the Reproductive Behavior of Healthcare Students Depending on Their Mothers' Realized Plans.

A socio-demographic analysis of marriage and family requires conducting deep studies penetrating the essence of the processes among the population. The issue of birth-rate, as a basic factor that determines the reproduction of the population, takes a central position in the demographic studies. The study of the influence of the mothers' reproductive behaviour on their daughters' repro-ductive attitude is of an undisputed interest. This study deals with mothers' realized plans as a factor in their daughters' family planning. This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2018 through a direct group anonymous inquiry among 395 female students. The statistical processing of the data was made with descriptive, alternative, correlation and variance analyses. The students' reproductive behaviour is statistically significantly dependent on their mothers' realized family plans. Moth-ers' education and the real number of children are statistically significant factors for their daughters' views about the ideal and planned number of children. This study of the reproductive behaviour of the students advances the knowledge in the field by revealing that it is statisti-cally significantly dependent on their mothers' realized plans.

Репродуктивное поведение женщин-предпринимателей России

Research in the field of fertility often focuses on peculiarities of reproductive behaviour of various groups of population different in socio-economic status, material and moral needs and reproductive attitudes. Comprehension of these features is important when shaping a pro-birth policy, since different groups of the population may respond differently to the proposed measures. In the article women entrepreneurs are presented as one of the groups of the Russian population with specific reproductive behaviour. The features of demographic profile and reproductive behaviour are analyzed on the basis of results of the All-Russian population census of 2002 and 2010 and a sample survey of the population reproductive plans of 2017.

PENYULUHAN MENGENAI KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA KEPADA SANTRI PUTRA DAN PUTRI DARUL ARQAM MUHAMMADIYAH GARUT

World Health Organization (WHO) 2014, informed that the proportion of adolescents is around 18%, or around 1.2 billion. (WHO, 2014) The results of the 2010 population census in Indonesia were 43.5 million, this number if proportioned the same, around 18%. Of this 43.5 million, only 20% of adolescents are not dating. They dated from <11 years of age. Teenagers mostly started dating aged 15-17 years, which is almost 50%. Pre-marital sex behavior occurs mostly at the age of 20-24 years, this behavior is more than 3 times that of young men. (Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, 2017). Premarital sex has risks and bad effects, the risks that have to be faced with unwanted pregnancy (KtD), early pregnancy, abortion and transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). an average of 25%. Very ironic, from 25% the highestknowledge is 60.8%, namely knowing that HIV-AIDS transmission can be reduced by using condoms. (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2017). Health care for adolescents in Garut has not been running optimally. (Esa Risi Suazini, 2020). This condition shows that teenagers' exposure to health information is still low and has an impact on adolescent health knowledge which is also low. Based on the explanation above, it is very necessary to make efforts to increase adolescent knowledge about their reproductive health. The purpose of this community service is to disseminate adolescent reproductive information, increase adolescent knowledge about the correct adolescent reproductive health and shape healthy reproductive attitudes and behaviors in adolescents. The conclusion regarding the results of the dissemination of reproductive health information to adolescents, namely adolescents really need correct information about reproductive health. and adolescents have a positive attitude to always take care of their reproductive organs. After knowing the bad effects of sexual deviance, adolescents have a negative attitude towards sexual deviance. Our hope is that teenagers will survive to always avoid sexual deviant acts

Репродуктивные установки россиян и отношение к государственным мерам поддержки рождаемости

Статья написана на основе опроса, выполненного Фондом «Общественное мнение» по заказу Агентства стратегических инициатив, а также других опросов ФОМ. Исследование посвящено репродуктивным установкам женщин в возрасте 18-45 лет и мужчин 18-55 лет, а также оценке ими существующих и предполагаемых мер пронаталистской политики и их эффективности. 
 Результаты опроса показывают, что наиболее распространенная желаемая модель семьи по количеству детей за 10 лет не изменилась и остается двухдетной. Однако на сегодняшний день намерения многих россиян «отстают» от их желаний. Так, лишь четверть опрошенных планируют завести еще одного ребенка. Остальных чаще всего останавливает отсутствие стабильных источников дохода, достаточных для рождения и воспитания еще одного ребенка. Поэтому (хотя и не только) наиболее популярными мерами демографической политики сегодня являются материальные: материнский капитал за рождение второго ребенка (опрос был проведен еще до введения такового и за первого ребенка), погашение обязательств по ипотечным кредитам для многодетных семей, ежемесячное пособие по уходу за ребенком до полутора лет.
 Демографы, однако, сомневаются в эффективности подобных мер, с точки зрения повышения рождаемости. Данные опросов в некотором смысле это подтверждают. Несмотря на то, что опрошенные верят, что демографическая политика влияет на рождаемость, лишь немногие сами учитывали ее при принятии решения о том, заводить ребенка или нет.

Do Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Attitudes and Knowledge Predict Men and Women's Adult Sexual Partnerships?

PurposeAdolescence is a key stage for forming knowledge and attitudes about sex and reproduction that may have long-term implications for adult sexual behaviors. Gender differences in experiences and socialization processes may affect the links between adolescent characteristics and adult behaviors. MethodsBy following adolescent virgins aged 15 years and older from wave I through wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 4,152), we test whether adolescent boys' and girls' knowledge about, and attitudes toward, sex and reproduction influence the number of lifetime different-sex sexual partners and the likelihood of having concurrent sexual partners in adulthood, using negative binomial regression and logistic regression, respectively. Models are run separately by gender. ResultsMen and women who reported greater physical benefits of sex as adolescents reported more lifetime different-sex sexual partners and were more likely to have concurrent sexual partners in adulthood. For women, adolescent perceptions of more social costs to sex were linked to fewer lifetime sexual partners, whereas greater birth control confidence was linked to more sexual partners. Women who more strongly felt that avoiding sexually transmitted infections was a hassle during adolescence were less likely to have concurrent sexual partners as adults, and men who were more knowledgeable about condoms during adolescence were more likely to have concurrent sexual partners. ConclusionsAdolescent knowledge and attitudes about sex, contraception, and reproduction have implications for adult sexual behavior, but different aspects emerge as salient for men and women.

College-attending young men’s sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes and practices

Objective Male involvement in contraceptive practice remains low. Family planning and pediatric health associations have recommended an emphasis on long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) in clinical counseling with adolescents and young adults, raising concerns about the resulting adverse impact on sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates. Participants: College-attending men responded to an internet based questionnaire (n=31) and a phone-based qualitative interview (n=25). Methods: Our survey solicited attitudes toward and knowledge of contraceptive methods and assessed communication practices with sexual partners regarding use of contraception and disease prevention. Results: Knowledge about female methods of contraception was low, with a comparatively high level of knowledge about Plan B. Parents and health care providers were cited as the most helpful sources of information. Conversations about protection with sexual partners were reported by most men, due mainly to fear of unplanned pregnancy, not STI. Conclusion: Addressing couple communication and dual protection among college-attending men needs greater emphasis.

HIV knowledge, risky behaviours and public health care services attendance among adolescents from the Grassroot soccer Zimbabwe programme

BackgroundInterventions aimed at improving accessing of health care services, including HIV testing, remain a priority in global HIV eradication efforts. Grassroot Soccer Zimbabwe (GRSZ) is an adolescent health organisation that uses the popularity of soccer to promote healthy behaviours. We assessed HIV knowledge levels, risky behaviours and attitudes in school going adolescents and young adults who attended GRSZ programmes and determined if HIV knowledge levels were associated with increased levels of accessing of health care services by youths.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study carried out on 450 participants aged 13–30 years who attended at least one of the three programmes offered by GRSZ. Self-administered and self-reporting questionnaires were used to collect information on participants’ demographics, knowledge on HIV and reproductive health, sources of information, access to HIV and reproductive health services and attitudes and risky behaviours.ResultsA total of 392 (87.1%) responses were received. High HIV and reproductive health knowledge levels were recorded (77.7%) on our scale with females recording higher levels (81.1%) than males (71.1%). The majority of participants (72%) indicated willingness to abstain from risky behaviours such as use of drugs and attending youth sex parties. However about 33.3% of the participants who had sexual intercourse reported having condomless sex. There was marginal association between high HIV and reproductive health knowledge levels and accessing health care services in the past 24 months (p = 0.045).ConclusionsHIV and reproductive health knowledge levels were relatively high among adolescents and were associated with accessing health care services in the past 24 months. There however are some gaps associated with engaging in risky sexual behaviours such as condomless sex which could be addressed by using these findings to assist organizations working with adolescents, educators and policy makers in developing programmes that address adolescent sexual behaviours.

Reproductive Attitudes and Behaviors Among Transgender/Nonbinary Adolescents

PurposeThe aim of the study was to examine reproductive health attitudes and behaviors related to contraception use, provider counseling, parenthood goals, and fertility preservation (FP) in TNB adolescents. MethodsA 24-item survey was administered to 44 TNB adolescents aged 12–19 years. ResultsContraceptive use was variable even among the 46% who reported sexual activity. Half denied or were unsure if they had been offered options from their provider to prevent sexually transmitted infections, and more than one third denied or were unsure about the offer of pregnancy prevention options. Importantly, the majority did not desire more information about contraceptive options. Few used FP, although many thought their feelings about parenthood may change in the future. ConclusionsTNB adolescents are at risk for sexually transmitted infections, unplanned pregnancies, and future infertility, yet many do not desire more information about contraception or FP. Tailored counseling strategies should be developed and researched to protect this vulnerable group of youth.