Representatives Of Normal Microflora Research Articles

New Possibilities of Using Zosteran Pectin from the Marine Plant Zostera marina (L.)

Zosteran pectin isolated from the perennial marine plant Zostera marina (L.) has a complex molecular structure and a wide range of biological activity. Aim Study: This study aims to identify new properties (adhesive, cryoprotective) of zosteran pectin. Materials and Methods: The adhesive properties of zosteran were investigated by evaluating the microorganism adhesiveness index and the erythrocyte participation rate. To assess the cryoprotective properties of zosteran, the cryoscopic method and various methods for assessing the viability of leukocytes (cryoresistance, cell membrane integrity, and phagocytosis) were used. Results: Zosteran pectin in each assay consistently revealed more adhesive and cryoprotective properties compared to other substances. The results revealed that zosteran at a concentration of 0.3% increase the percentage of red blood cells with lactobacilli attached to their surface. The addition of zosteran to various cryoprotectants changed the osmolarity and freezing point of only the mixture of pectin with DMSO. Zosteran/DMSO cryosolution significantly better retained the viability of leukocytes after exposure to negative temperatures (-80°C), compared with a solution containing only DMSO. Conclusion: Our data reveal new properties of zosteran, due to which pectin changes the conditions of bacterial adhesive activity. This can be used to enhance the perception of microorganisms by intestinal cells in representatives of normal microflora or to reduce it in pathogens of infectious diseases. The obtained cryoprotective effect of the solution with zosteran can be used for further research on the preservation of biological objects (spermatozoa, platelets, etc.) at low temperatures.

Gut microbiota in patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome

In recent years, attention has been growing to assessing the role of the state of intestinal microbiocenosis in the development of cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension (AH) and metabolic syndrome (MS), the individual components of which are more or less associated with the state of the microbiota. In this regard, we made an attempt to clarify the features of the intestinal microbiota in hypertensive patients with MS in a comparative aspect with those with isolated hypertension. A microbiological study of feces was carried out in 86 patients, of which 46 with AH (comparison group) and 40 with AH and MS (main group). The microbiota of patients’ faeces was investigated using the classical bacteriological method and the biochemical method for express diagnostics of dysbiosis. For fecal microbiota in AH with MS, in comparison with AH, a lower release of representatives of normal microfl ora (bacteroids, latobacilli, bifi dobacteria), with the exception of Escherichia coli, is characteristic, more frequent excretion of facultative microfl ora (enterococci, Klebsiella, peptostreptococcus, staphylococcus protrusion)., II and III degree of dysbiosis (versus I and II with hypertension). The study revealed that the composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with hypertension is associated with MS both in terms of a decrease in individual representatives of normal microfl ora and in terms of the greater presence and appearance of new representatives of opportunistic microfl ora, forming a high degree of dysbiosis in hypertensive patients with MS.

The state of the oral microflora in patients with systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) can lead to pathological changes in the maxillofacial region, contributing to the violation of the microbiocenosis of the oral cavity with a predominance of pathogenic microflora.Objective: to study the composition of the oral microflora in patients with SSc. Patients and methods. The composition of the oral microflora was studied in 50 patients with SSc. The control group consisted of 50 subjects without rheumatic diseases. To assess the intensity of dental caries and the level of oral hygiene we used dental indices: the index of caries intensity (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and the hygienic index (OHI-S).Results and discussion. Microbiological examination in patients with SSc revealed pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans > 10-6 CFU in equal percentage of cases (18.9%), which was significantly more frequent than in the control group (p=0.049). In the oral cavity in SSc, there were no representatives of normal microflora (lactobacilli). In patients with SSc, the DMFT index was 17.8±7.1 on average, and OHI-S – 2.3±0.7, which corresponds to a very high level of caries intensity and low indicators of oral hygiene, respectively. When analyzing the microflora of the oral cavity in 90% of cases, a dysbiotic shift of the 3rd degree was stated.Conclusion. It can hypothesized that the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microflora of the oral cavity affects the development and severity of inflammatory and destructive pathology of the periodontal and oral mucosa. It is necessary to develop and implement an adapted personal hygiene regimen, including cleansing of the tongue and administration of local probiotics, which, as part of complex therapy, can improve the results of SSc treatment.

CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN INDOOR AIRBORNE BACTERIAL LOAD AND OCCUPANT DENSITY IN HOSPITAL INDOOR AIR

A study of the quantity and types of airborne bacteria and its correlation with human presence was conducted. Air samples were collected from different units for three days and three sessions (morning, afternoon and evening) for the enumeration and identification of bacterial isolates. Walk-through exercise was also conducted prior to every sampling to gather information on the number of occupants present, activities going on, and room characteristics. Isolation study revealed higher bacterial load in the afternoon and evening sessions; with Male Ward and Operating Theatre recording the highest and lowest bacterial loads respectively, as compared to the morning session that was done immediately after cleaning and before influx of people. The Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient showed a positively direct linear correlation between the bacterial load and occupant population irrespective of the three sessions (r = 0.84, 0.88 and 0.93). Identification study showed that the isolates are representatives of normal microflora of the skin, respiratory and gastro-intestinal tracts which includes the following; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus roseus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Candida and Fusarium species. The study presents evidence of increased concentration of indoor airborne bacteria due to human presence, movement and activities.

STUDY OF PATHOGENIC FACTORS OF E.COLI ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH PERITONITIS

The aim: To study the biological properties of museum and clinical strains of E.coli isolated from patients with peritonitis. Materials and methods: It was used 94 strains (clinical, museum and reference). The ability of E. coli to adhere was investigated by hemadhezive method to formal human erythrocytes of 0 (I) Rh-positive blood group. The study measured the ability of microorganisms to produce gelatinaze, caseinase, fibrinolysin, hemolysin. To control of the enzyme activity the positive and negative control with reference strains were used. Synchronisation of cultures activity before experiments was achieved by one-time effect of low temperature (+4 С) during 30 minutes. Results: To investigate the pathogenic factors of E. coli we carried out determining of proteolytic, gelatinous, caseinous, fibrinolytic, haemolytic and adhesion properties. Conclusions: In our investigation pathogen icspecies of Esherihies are virtually indistinguishable from representatives of normal microflora on its morphological, biochemical and cultural properties. During investigation of serological properties of selected of E. coli strains (n = 94) 65.8% of pathogenic serotypes were revealed. Moreover, all marked E. coli isolated from the abdominal cavity of children and adults, as well as museum strains related to enteropathogenic E. coli (O127: K63, O33: K-) and 1 - to enteroinvazive Escherichia coli (O144: K-).

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ МЕТОДОВ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ПАРОДОНТА

Relevance. Medicines, taking into account the role of various microbial associations in the development of severe generalized forms of gingivitis and periodontitis, should have high antimicrobial activity, but their use can also cause growth inhibition and representatives of normal microflora. The purpose ― to evaluate the effectiveness of complex treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases using new prophylactic agents. Material and research methods. For a comparative clinical and laboratory evaluation of the effectiveness of the therapeutic and prophylactic agents used, the patients were divided into 3 groups. With HGPLS - the control group - 18, in which treatment was limited only to hygienic education and the conduct of professional hygiene. The comparison group (20 people with CHPH) received treatment according to the generally accepted standard regimen and prescribed Curasept ADS 712 gel toothpaste. The main group (20 people with CHPH) received the standard therapy with Curaprox Enzycal toothpaste 1450ppm. Microbiological studies of a mixed oral fluid and clinical indices were performed in the work — the SBI bleeding index of the gingival sulcus (Muhlemann, 1971), Silness-Loe hygienic index (S-L, 1964). Evaluation of the cleansing, anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effects of the proposed medications was carried out before treatment and 1,3.6 months after treatment. Research results. The control group, the frequency of occurrence of A.actinomycetemcimitans and P.intermedia three months after the completion of treatment and preventive measures was 5.6 ± 5.4 and 11.1 ± 7.4 %, in the comparison group, where Curasept ADS toothpaste was administered 712, the indicators for the above bacteria dropped to zero. The detected values of the hygienic index three months after treatment in the main, control groups and in the comparison group, respectively, amounted to 1.12 ± 0.038; 1.30 ± 0.028 and 1.13 ± 0.041. In the long-term clinical observations in the main group, the values of the Conclusion. According to the data obtained, the use of Curaprox Enzycal paste with 3 enzymes and sodium fluoride in the minimum amount for use revealed its high prophylactic efficacy.

Bifidostimulating ingredients for dessert fermented products

Fermented sour-milk dessert products of a functional orientation are becoming increasingly popular in Ukraine. Dairy desserts have good taste properties, high nutritional and biological value and dense, non-flowing consistency. A wide range of additions, fillers, flavors, stabilizers are used in the production of desserts. Fermented dairy products are the main suppliers of probiotic microorganisms that promote the maintenance and restoration of human microbial ecology. Probiotic cultures that provide beneficial effects on the consumer's body and normalize the composition and function of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract include the following types of lactobacterial bifidobacteria: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium spp. (V. adolescentis, B. animalis spp. Lactis, B. bifidum, B. longum, B. breve). Bifidobacteria – is one of the most important groups of intestinal microorganisms, which dominate the anaerobic flora of the colon. The International Dairy Federation defines such mixtures as bioproducts, which contain at least 1 × 106 bifidobacteria in 1 cm3. It should be noted that for most part of microorganisms, which are representatives of normal microflora of the human gastro intestinal tract, milk is an unfavorable environment for their development. This is due to the fact that there are no low molecules compounds in milk required for the development of microorganisms, such as free amino acids, monocourses, etc., as well as the fact that most bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Bifidobacterium are related to obligated anaerobes that are adversely affected dissolved in milk oxygen air. Therefore, bifidobacteria, which belong to anaerobes, develop in milk very slowly. Bifidobacteria are actively involved in the restoration of normal intestinal microflora in gastrointestinal diseases and after treatment with antibiotics. It is necessary to use milk-adapted strains of bifidobacteria in order to stimulate their development and to provide the necessary composition of the nutrient environment and growth stimulants for their development, and to cultivate them together with lactic acid bacteria that have high β-galactosidase activity, which increases their own β-galactosidase activity bifidobacteria.

Value and feasibility of probiotic use

The article substantiates the importance, the principle of the action of probiotics, the purpose of their application, the mechanisms of therapeutic and prophylactic action, the effectiveness of the use of probiotic drugs and the feasibility of their application. It is known that the ideal probiotic should be of the origin of the body for which it will be used, be resistant to acids and bile, capable of adhesion and colonization in the intestinal tract or other ecosystems, to produce antibiotic substances, to prevent the development of cariogenic and pathogenic microorganisms, to be safe for use in products and clinics and have a well-defined and validated clinical trial with a positive effect on human or animal health. Positive effects of probiotics are manifested in reducing the duration of toxic effects or increasing the resistance to action of pathogens. The components of probiotics are representatives of normal microflora, and therefore the main mechanisms that determine their degree and direction of healing effect on the host organism are colonization resistance and immunomodulatory ability, regulation of metabolic processes and detoxification action, anti-carcinogenic activity. These functions are implemented through enzymatic, vitamin-synthesizing, antagonistic and adhesive activity. Strains of bacteria of probiotics produce a wide range of digestive enzymes - amylase, lipase, protease, pectinase, endoglucanose and phytase. Important impetus for the use of probiotics was the recommendations and requirements for limiting the use of antibiotics in livestock used for therapeutic purposes. The adverse effect of fodder antibiotics is the appearance of diarrhea in animals, as well as the risk of the formation and rapid reproduction of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Salmonella spec. Probiotic drugs are most often used in the treatment of a number of pathological conditions occurring against the background of disturbed normal microflora of the human body. Probiotic drugs can also be used for the prevention and treatment of major dental diseases: caries, chronic generalized periodontitis of catarrhal gingivitis, aphthous stomatitis. In experimental studies, it has been shown that intestinal microbiota, interacting with the host organism, can increase the number of osteoclasts, for example, in the femoral bones, and, consequently, decrease their density, which confirms the growth of catabolic activity of bones under conditions of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Recently, for the normalization of metabolic processes in the organism of farm animals and poultry began to use probiotic drugs, which, in essence, are a living microbial supplement to the feed and have a positive effect on the body through improving its intestinal microbial balance. Probiotics, as environmentally safe drugs, help to reduce the man-caused and microbial stress on the animals organism in conditions of intensive production of livestock products, which prevents the development of many pathologies in animals, and, consequently, in humans. Probiotic products should be characterized by a pronounced antagonistic activity to a wide range of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, to be strong immunomodulators and to produce bacteriocin and enzymes. The bacteria that are part of the probiotics should remain viable when passing through the gastrointestinal tract of animals and poultry, as well as in the production of feed (for example, in granulation). At present, the effectiveness of the use of probiotics for stimulation of growth intensity and prevention of diseases of young animals, increase of productivity and quality of received products, prevention of gynecological diseases in cows, prevention of viral diseases of bees and increase of their productivity, reduction of parasitic diseases in fish and increase of efficiency of fish farming is substantiated. A promising direction for improving probiotics is the development of complex drugs, which include different types of bacterial cultures that complement each other by specific activity and the effect on opportunistic microorganisms.

Correction of vaginal dysbiosis with the use of probiotics

Disbacteriosis of open cavities of the human body ic connected with the formation of opportunistic bacteria dominance in the composition of the microflora, displacing the representatives of normal microflora which leads to disorders and aggravation of health. Among serious consequences of vaginal dysbiosis are increased risk of infection with pathogens through lack of effect of colonization resistance; in some cases it may result in pregnancy loss and infertility. The most common vaginal dysbiosis forms are due to predominance of staphylococci and enterobacteria, that actively colonize the lower genital tract. Therefore, disbacteriosis needs a correction for which antibiotics and probiotic preparations are used. Sometimes antibiotics are not effective, so the correction scheme is required which would be highly efficient in restoring the microflora composition. The aim of research was to investigate the efficacy of scheme of sequential use of two probiotic preparations, based on spore bacilli and lactobacilli. The method of correcting the microbial vaginal ecosystem of mice with experimental dysbiosis with the use of two-stage administration of probiotic preparations (biosporin and vagilak) was proposed. One of these preparation contains spore bacilli with high antagonistic potential, and the second one contains lactobacilli which are typical representatives of this habitat. The scheme was tested in the experimental model of vaginal dysbiosis of mice, created by intravaginal administration of cell suspension of Staphylococcus aureus culture. Cell suspension of probiotic microorganism cultures was administered intravaginally to animals, each preparation for 5 days in succession. It was found that the most effective correction of dysbiosis occurred by sequential use of Biosporin and Vagilak preparations: full renovation of vaginal microflora was recorded for 20 days from the start of probiotics use, that as, 5 day faster than when following the standard schemes, including antibiotic and probiotic. It was shown that renewal of vaginal microflora of mice was expressed in increasing number of lactobacilli 2.88 times returning to the level of control for the 20th day, reducing the number of staphylococci and enterobacteria 2.81 and 5.13 times, respectively, on the 10th day of the experiment, as well as increasing the ratio of aerobes/anaerobes – 1/58 to that of the control group – 1/60. The results demonstrated the benefits of high efficiency of the proposed scheme, which allowed to recommend this method in further research to develop a framework for practical use.

Antagonistic activity of autosimbionts А. viridans, B. subtilis and their probiotic association to conditionally microflora.

In this research the data on examination of antagonist qualities of bi o assotiantes A. viridans and strain B. subtilis 3 towards pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic microflora isolated from oropharynx and nasopharynx of children who were in contact with patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (MBT +) are submitted. The expressed antagonist activity of autosimbionts A. viridans towards pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic microflora was shown. Common antagonist activity of A. viridans (k) N 1 and B. subtilis 3 towards diverse strains of test-cultures is 1,5-2 times higher, than separate antagonist activity of A. viridans (k) №1 and B. subtilis 3. Received research data showed the possibility of contin u ing work on development of probiotic associations, that contain representatives of normal microflora - bioassociants A. viridans and probiotic strains B. subtilis 3 with broadspectrum of antagonistic activity in relation to the various groups of bacterium.