Government Representatives Research Articles

Methodology for assessing demographic well-being of the Northern regions of the resource type

In today’s macroeconomic and political conditions, demographic trends in the Russian Federation, which are characterized by population decline, it is necessary to identify positive directions and targets of demographic policy, which will raise the level of well-being of the population and improve its quality of life, and therefore, to expand accordingly the use of the concept of «demographic well-being» in monitoring and analysis. Demographic science does not yet use the concept of «well-being», although certain signs of its implementation from psychology and sociology are noted [1]. Demographic development of regions is an important aspect of the study, since it is directly related to the socio-economic state and prospects for further development of the Northern territories that will improve the demographic well-being and cope with the challenges facing modern society. At the state level, demographic processes are considered primarily in terms of national security by such domestic researchers as V.A. Iontsev, L.L. Rybakovsky, S.V. Soboleva, A. G. Vishnevsky and others. The purpose of the study is to present methodological tools for analyzing modern trends in the demographic development of the Northern regions based on complex indicators that allow assessing «demographic well-being» by qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the population. As a result of the work, a typology of Russian regions has been developed with the account of their demographic characteristics and differences. Groups of regions with similar trends and demographic characteristics are identified, that makes it possible to assess more accurately the level of demographic development and compare it by regions. The article is addressed to representatives of government authorities, researchers, teachers and students of higher and secondary specialized educational institutions who are interested in various aspects of the development and implementation of the state demographic policy in Russia.

Inclusion interrupted: Lessons from the making of a digital assistant by and for people with disability

Participatory approaches including co-design are seen as a means to address some of the challenges digital government poses for people with disability, such as unequal access and poor technological design. Yet co-design principles are rarely practiced in a meaningful way for people with disability, resulting in digital government systems that are obstructive and inaccessible to many. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges of disability inclusion through a qualitative case study of participatory digital government in Australia. It centres on the case of “Nadia”, an artificially intelligent virtual assistant created in 2016 through a co-design approach that ultimately ended in failure, as the project never progressed beyond the design stage. Based on research involving interviews with technology developers, government representatives, and people with disability who had input into the design of Nadia, the article makes three main contributions. First, it clarifies conceptually the importance of inclusion as a process, rather than an outcome, of digital government, reframing design as a matter of inclusion. Second, in examining why the project failed, the paper identifies aspects of digital government culture, organization, and practice that impede disability co-design, namely, a lack of institutionalized support and resistance to sharing power. Third, it highlights disability as an area for exploring new possibilities with technology and its limitations, showing the significant role that disabled people play in shaping technology and its advancements.

Import Substitution in Circular Economy Perspective: A Study on Textile And Apparel Industry

The import substitution policy has not been effective in controlling imports of textile raw materials. This research aims to build a framework that connects the circular economy with the import substitution of textile raw materials. We carried out a synthesis based on literature studies and in-depth interviews with government representatives and the textile and apparel (TTA) industry. A circular economy can be an instrument for import substitution by producing recycled materials from waste from residues along the TTA value chain. Recycled products include fiber and yarn (secondary raw materials), which are mixed with primary raw materials to produce sheet cloth, which can be an import substitute. Two potential benefits can be achieved simultaneously, namely controlling imports because the demand for recycled materials can be met by domestic industry and export opportunities because of the positive trend in recycled material demand. The results of this research recommend collaboration between stakeholders who are members of the TTA circular value chain. This research contributes to policymakers and decision-makers, especially in terms of controlling imports and adopting a transition to a circular economy.

КОМУНІКАЦІЙНІ ІНСТРУМЕНТИ РОБОТИ З ВНУТРІШНЬО ПЕРЕМІЩЕНИМИ ОСОБАМИ В УМОВАХ РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ

<p><strong><em>The purpose of the study</em></strong><em> is to identify the problems that complicate the use of communication tools for interaction with internally displaced persons in the context of war.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> The study used general scientific methods of cognition. The current situation with internally displaced persons in different regions of Ukraine and the main problems they face during the war were determined using the method of critical analysis. A comparison method was used to identify the most effective communication tools for working with IDPs. Problems that complicate the use of such tools were identified in the process of synthesizing information. The ways to solve these problems were found by the methods of induction and deduction.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> Modern communication tools are an important component of the integration of IDPs into the life of the territorial community. Their use helps to solve the problems faced by internally displaced persons during the war and ensures effective interaction between all parties involved in this process. At the same time, the use of communication tools is complicated by a number of problems, including: lack of access to the necessary infrastructure; language barriers; low information or digital literacy; financial constraints; social isolation and psychological stress. Solving these problems requires a comprehensive approach, including the implementation of educational programs to improve the information and digital literacy of IDPs, the development of secure Internet platforms for the exchange of useful information, the creation of accessible network infrastructures in remote regions, the development of communication strategies to overcome language barriers, the launch of psychological support programs, and the involvement of communication specialists.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> The study for the first time reveals the complex problem of using communication tools to interact with internally displaced persons in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, and provides specific recommendations for overcoming these problems, taking into account various aspects, from access to infrastructure to psychological support.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance.</em></strong><em> The results of the study can be used by representatives of local authorities to improve communication with internally displaced persons in times of war, facilitating their integration into territorial communities and facilitating the solution of their problems.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>words:</em></strong><em> media, communication, territorial community, social issues, internally displaced persons.</em></p>

A novel best-worst method and Kendall model integration for optimal selection of digital voting tools to enhance citizen engagement in public decision making

Urban transport system development often involves a central decision-making process by local government representatives or transport company managers. It is imperative to align these decisions with public preferences to ensure public acceptance and long-term sustainability. This study introduces an innovative decision-making model by integrating the Best-Worst Method (BWM) with the Kendall Model (BWM-Kendall) to support the development of urban transport systems. The primary focus is on applying this model for the optimal selection of digital voting tools to enhance citizen engagement in Dublin’s urban transport decision-making process. A detailed case study demonstrates the model’s effectiveness, emphasizing Dublin’s urban transport context. The findings from this study show the BWM-Kendall model can facilitate the formulation of more integrated and sustainable solutions to urban transport challenges, ultimately fostering increased citizen engagement in the decision-making processes related to urban transport development. Furthermore, the evaluation of digital tools involved two distinct groups: experts from academia and industry, adding depth and diversity to the assessment process.

Forms of interaction between the National Medical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (for adults) and the regions of the Russian Federation

In order to implement the Federal Project “Development of a Network of National Medical Research Centers and Implementation of Innovative Medical Technologies”, the National Medical Research Center (NMRC) on the “Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (for adults)” was established in 2021 on the basis of the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), designed to perform organizational and methodological management of specialized units of medical organizations of regions of the Russian Federation. Aim. Evaluate the contribution of Sechenov University to the implementation of the federal project “Development of a network of medical research centers and the introduction of innovative medical technologies” using the unique experience of the NMRC as an example.. Materials and methods. Analysis of the results of NMRC visits to the regions of the Russian Federation. Reports review of medical organizations of the regions of the Russian Federation. The involvement of medical personnel of the regions in the system of continuous medical education, including scientific and practical events carried out by NMRC, and the demand for the use of telemedical consultations were assessed. Results. During 17 months of the NMRC work 15 of on-site inspections in the regions of Russian Federation were carried out in order to analyze the level of anesthesiology and intensive care services in the regions of Russian Federation, 2577 telemedical consultations were provided, and 15 interactive educational modules for the portal of continuous medical and pharmaceutical education of Ministry of Health of Russia were prepared. Conclusion. The main forms of NMRC’s interaction with the regions of the Russian Federation are organizational and methodological, scientific and educational support of the representatives of healthcare practitioners and regional healthcare authorities. The NMRC activities are aimed at improving the quality of medical care in the field of anesthesiology and intensive care in the regions of the Russian Federation and the formation of a value-oriented approach in modern health care.

Důsledky trestního řízení pro postavení zaměstnanců veřejné správy

Laws regulating the legal status of individuals who professionally perform tasks of public administration (such as civil servants, police officials, appointed or elected representatives of administrative authorities, etc.) impose certain requirements on these individuals. One of these requirements is criminal integrity, which means that these individuals should not have a criminal conviction. The laws regulating the legal status of various categories of public employees differ in terms of whether they prohibit individuals convicted of intentional crimes from performing public tasks, or if they also include individuals convicted of criminal negligence. Furthermore, different laws handle the consequences of initiating criminal proceedings differently. This paper examines the laws that regulate the legal status of different categories of public employees and highlights the common elements and differences among these laws. The analysis concludes by outlining general rules that should be applied to all public employees.

Barriers and Facilitators in Pricing and Funding Policies of European Countries That Impact the Use of Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Outpatient Practices

Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health threat, which is increased by the irrational use of antibiotics, for example, in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in community care. By using rapid point-of-care diagnostics, overuse can be avoided. However, the diagnostic tests are rarely used in most European countries. We mapped potential barriers and facilitators in health technology assessment (HTA), pricing, and funding policies related to the use of rapid diagnostics in patients with community-acquired acute respiratory tract infections. Expert interviews were conducted with representatives of public authorities from five European case study countries: Austria, Estonia, France, Poland, and Sweden. Barriers to the HTA process include the lack of evidence and limited transferability of methods established for medicines to diagnostics. There was no price regulation for the studied diagnostics in the case study countries, but prices were usually indirectly determined via procurement. The lack of price regulation and weak purchasing power due to regional procurement processes were mentioned as pricing-related barriers. Regarding funding, coverage (reimbursement) of the diagnostic tests and the optimized remuneration of physicians in their use were mentioned as facilitators. There is potential to strengthen peri-launch policies, as optimized policies may promote the uptake of POCT.

AIRPORT AS A FACTOR SHAPING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY IN A CHANGING REALITY

Airports, as a component of air transport, combine air transport with other modes of transport to strengthen the transportation accessibility of a place in space, attract investors, and stimulate the development of the area. Taking into account that these issues are less exposed in relation to their immediate surroundings, research was undertaken to determine how representatives of the authorities and residents of communes (taking into account the nature of the communes and the size and location of the airport) perceive airports, located within their communes, in the context of their impact on the socio-economic situation in the communes. This was achieved by analysing the communes' strategic documents and data on the operation of communes and airports from 2016 to 2021. These data were obtained from the Civil Aviation Authority, the Central Statistical Office, the International Air Transport Association, and the International Airports Council. In an effort to better understand the relationship between the airport and the commune in which it is located, poll research was carried out using survey and interview techniques. The research focused on 10 airports spread across Poland. A total of 1,200 surveys were conducted among residents of communes, and 10 interviews were conducted with representatives of local governments and the port. To analyse the collected data and present the results, Statistica v.13.3 and R/RStudio software were used.

Pilgrimages as one of the elements of the restoration of a vacation spot in the village of Krylos 1989-2018

This article is aimed at the research of the re-establishment of a sacred place in the Krylos village, Ivano-Frankivsk region in 1989-2018. There are still living witnesses of how people traveled from all over Galychyna to Krylos Mountaine in carts, on foot, and on horses. Hundreds of carts were beset the territory of the current village stadium and access roads. People wanted to pray to the miraculous icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and to drink miraculous water from the so-called "Franciskan springs". There are many confirmed facts about their miraculous qualities. The development of the sacred place began on December 12, 1989, according to the letter of Fr. Ivan Maslyak dated March 8, 1990, in which he noted the following: "...on December 12, 1989, the parish community of the village of Krylos, Galych district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, unanimously returned to the bosom of the ancestral Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church, which is confirmed by the voting protocol of parishioners in the presence representative of the Galych district government". From this historical moment, the re-establishment of the abandoned, destroyed and completely ruined sacred place as well as the church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the village of Krylos, Ivano-Frankivsk region, begins. One of the important elements of the re-establishment of a sacred place is crowded pilgrimages. Based on the very meaning of the word, “pilgrimage” means the possibility of receiving forgiveness from God for our sins. This is why, for thousands of years, pilgrims from different countries have been making difficult and sometimes dangerous pilgrimages to holy places, asking Almighty God for forgiveness of sins. These are different places, such as: Rome, Turin, Jerusalem, Lourdes, Fatima, Medjugorje, Zarvanytsia, Goshiv, Pogonya, Krylos. In this research, I would like to analyze exclusively the verses to the “Galych Miraculous Icon”, which is kept in the village of Krylos, Ivano-Frankivsk district, Ivano-Frankivsk region. In this research, I would like to analyze three types of sacred places that influenced the development of a sacred place in the Krylos village (1989-2018), namely: 1. Youth parishes of the Ivano-Frankivsk Diocese; 2. International pilgrimage of the rosaries; 3.Patriarchal Pilgrimages to the Galych Miraculous Icon.

OP43 Translating Cell And Gene Therapy HTA Into Practice – Building The Plane As We Fly It

IntroductionAssessing, funding, and implementing cell and gene therapies are usually based on limited evidence. This requires health technology assessment (HTA) agencies to develop new methodologies; payers to accept risk-based funding; industry to consider the right evidence and price; hospitals to consider if they have the necessary requirements; patients to consider their risk appetite for gene therapies; and health departments to consider all the above. Ensuring timely patient access to these therapies is challenging in Australia’s federated health system. To ensure stakeholders are aligned, all must come to the table and share their respective insights, experiences, and expertise to support planning, decision-making, funding, and commissioning of these therapies. It is time to develop a new consultative and decision-making paradigm to expedite HTAs, funding, commissioning, and timely patient access for cell and gene therapies.MethodsAustralian federal, state, and territory government representatives agreed to develop a framework that clarifies processes around information sharing, HTA, funding, commissioning, and monitoring of highly specialized therapies and services (including cell and gene therapies). A draft national framework was developed that addresses assessment, funding, and implementation of high cost, highly specialized therapies and services (e.g., bone marrow transplants). However, it is unclear whether non-government stakeholders have been consulted.ResultsThe framework for assessing, funding, and implementing high cost, highly specialized therapies and services across Australia’s public hospital system is pending endorsement by each of the jurisdictional governments. High-level in nature, the framework’s primary audiences are industry and public hospitals. While not all processes are in place, the framework is forward-looking. A detailed implementation plan is warranted to better inform the roles and requirements of each stakeholder.ConclusionsThe framework allows stakeholders to better understand government processes regarding assessment, funding, and implementation of high-cost therapies and services, thereby fostering a collaborative environment that supports timely patient access. Articulating process details in a follow-up implementation plan is essential to gain the trust of, and input from, industry, clinicians, and patient representatives.

Public services at the service of citizens – Case-study: cleaning services

Public services are unquestionably a pillar of society. The society develops and blooms on their importance, on the way they are organized, on their efficiency. This is why we could devote a case study to each public service that a nation, through its government representatives, organizes and operates, in order to analyze its efficiency and impact on the quality of life of its citizens. However, this article is focused on public cleaning service, as currently regulated in the legislation. The importance of public cleaning service cannot be denied, by being a comfort factor and the criterion indicating the level of civilization.

Overview of the annual international scientific conference on artificial intelligence “AI Global Dimension” 8-9 December 2022

The article provides an overview of the work of the sections of the annual international scientific conference AI Global Dimension on 8-9 December 2022, organized by the Centre for AI MGIMO. The event brought together representatives of science, business and government and contributed to the development of student research and business projects through the AI Showcase technology competition. During the conference experts discussed soft regulation in the field of artificial intelligence, new vectors of digital business development and technological innovations in the university educational process.

The Failed Kalmyk Pilgrimage to Tibet at the Beginning of the 19<sup>th</sup> Century: Historical and Source Study Aspect (Based on the Materials of the State Archive of the Astrakhan Region)

For the first time in Russian historiography, the article analyzes the collection of documents from the State Archive of the Astrakhan Region and the Russian State Historical Archive related to the failed pilgrimage of the Kalmyk Buddhist clergy’s representatives to Tibet at the beginning of the 19th century. A significant amount of interdepartmental correspondence accompanied the whole preparation process for this pilgrimage, which was supposed to be part of the government policy on developing the Russian-Chinese diplomatic cooperation. The permission for Buddhist clergy to contact fellow believers in Tibet followed the organization of the Russian embassy to China in 1805, headed by Yu. A. Golovkin. The Russian government expected the successful completion of the embassy, one of the tasks of which was to get free access for Russian citizens to Tibet. Kalmyk pilgrims, escorted by government officials, should be the first Russians officially granted by China to visit Tibet in the second half of the 18th century. The unsuccessful completion of the embassy prevented the pilgrimage from realization but intensified the interaction of the Russian government with the Buddhist clergy of the Kalmyk steppe. The article provides information on compensation for the expenses of the Kalmyk clergy, the organization of the trip of lamas to St. Petersburg, and the permission to build a Buddhist temple in the Astrakhan province at the request of one of the participants of the never-realized pilgrimage. The article presents a transliteration and a modern (diachronic) translation of two letters written by the Kalmyk clergy in “todo bichig” (“Clear Script”) to representatives of the Russian government.

Policy coherence for resilience in Sri Lanka coherence of climate change adaptation (CCA) disaster risk reduction (DRR) and sustainable development goals (SDGs)

PurposePolicy coherence is a complex and tough task for many developing nations because their capacity to examine and deliver evidence-based inputs to policymaking is limited, and policy dialogue platforms need to be effectively used. Resolving these difficulties is a critical requirement for policy consistency. As a result, the study focuses on the level of policy coherence for climate change adaptation (CCA), disaster risk reduction (DRR) and sustainable development goals (SDG) in Sri Lanka and suggests routes for policy coherence for Resilience. This study aims to investigate the coherent approach of CCA, DRR and SDG; to identify concerns in policy documents addressing the coherence of CCA, DRR and SDG in local context; and to propose policy coherence suggestions for resilience in Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approachMethodology comprises a review and content analysis of 17 policy and legal documents in Sri Lanka and a qualitative study. The qualitative approach consists of semistructured interviews that obtained deep and broad expertise knowledge with ten government representatives and stakeholders. Both content analysis and interview data were analyzed by using NVivo.FindingsIt was discovered that there are several issues with the coherence of policies in Sri Lanka, including the fragmented approach, lack of integration, inadequate coordination, limited resources and lack of monitoring and evaluation. The policies are inspired by international frameworks, and local implementations are not focused, leading to inadequate implementation of policies. The lack of development cooperation for the use of innovative approaches, such as climate-resilient infrastructure and environmentally friendly solutions for CCA and DRR, further aggravates the situation. Another concern is the lack of land use management and responsibility for the development of physical infrastructure for DRR integration with CCA. It is found that there is a limited community involvement which is vital for the implementation of policies. Local implementations are encouraged to fill the gaps in existing policies/acts. The analytical framework of the study is based on a preliminary examination of policy documents, a review of the literature and discussions with practitioners. The framework reflects the current situation of policy integration which addresses strategic, conceptual, institutional, operational and financial coherence. The research suggests pathways for achieving policy coherence in CCA, DRR and SDG in Sri Lanka, such as enhancing the strategic coherence by improving goals to increase the coherence within CCA, DRR and SDG; improving the credibility of the unified approach for developing DRR and CCA risk assessments; intensifying institutional cooperation and stakeholder management; improving the common monitoring and evaluation; establishing implementation strategies; and increasing the community involvement.Research limitations/implicationsThe study on policy coherence in Sri Lanka recommends increasing community and professional involvement, conducting more research, developing a national strategy, increasing capacity building, strengthening international collaboration and fostering multisectoral collaboration. These recommendations can help improve policy coherence between CCA, DRR and SDGs, align policies with national goals and priorities and improve implementation effectiveness. By implementing these recommendations, Sri Lanka can address the challenges of climate change and natural disasters and achieve SDGs.Practical implicationsThe study on policy coherence for resilience in Sri Lanka has practical implications, including improved coordination and resource allocation, increased capacity building, improved reputation and sustainability. By integrating CCA, DRR and SDGs, this study can help Sri Lanka become more resilient to climate change and natural disasters, achieve SDGs and become a responsible actor in the international community. These implications can contribute to a more sustainable future and ensure that development goals are achieved in a way that is resilient to climate change and natural disasters.Social implicationsIncreased community participation: the study emphasizes the importance of community involvement in the policy development process. This can help build trust between communities and government agencies, improve transparency and ensure that policies are developed in a way that is responsive to local needs and priorities.Originality/valueBased on the identified existing loopholes in the policies and pathways to policy coherence, the issues in policymaking could be overcome. It could be used to establish strong linkages between policies based on CCA, DRR and SDGs to achieve long-term resilience.

ПРОЯВЛЕНИЯ НИГИЛИЗМА В ПРОЦЕССЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ И РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В СФЕРЕ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ДОРОЖНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ

This publication systematically analyzes organizational shortcomings manifested in the regulation of certain aspects of road safety related to the use of personal mobility equipment. The journalism of the mass media is involved as information sources. The totality of the above opinions of representatives of state authorities and members of the public made it possible to prove the manifestations of nihilism in the regulation of the subordinate sphere (road safety) at the government level.

Augusto Graziani on Italian Economic Development (1950–1970)

ABSTRACT Italian economic thought between the 1960s and 1990s provided important scientific contributions and one of its most authoritative representatives was certainly Augusto Graziani (1933–2014). On the international plane, Graziani is mainly known for his monetary theory of production while his theory of development and his analysis of the Italian economic have drawn relatively little debate. The purpose of this work is to illustrate his analysis of development in the light of two main considerations: (i) Graziani was very interested in long-term development issues for a long time. The 1969 collective book Lo sviluppo di un’economia aperta (The development of an open economy), the various editions of his L’economia italiana (The Italian economy) (1972, 1979 and 1989) and his contributions on the economy of Southern Italy (Mezzogiorno) are part of an organic, continuous, detailed and impressive explanatory work of the economic events that affected Italy from the 1950s onward and on which Graziani devoted more than thirty years of his scientific activity. (ii) His analysis of development offers interesting tools for interpreting the effects of some Italian policy choices critically debated by a part of the contemporary literature.

Some Aspects of the Regulatory Environment of Local Self-Government in Federal Cities

The issues of legal regulation of the organization and functioning of all government bodi es have always been the subject of numerous studies, discussions and even disputes. The rapid new reorganization of the legal foundations of the unified system of public power that started in 2020, having passed the federal and regional level of state power, "stumbled" at the level of local self-government. The draft federal law No. 40361-8 "On General Principles of Organization of Local Self-Government in the Unified System of Public Power", which was submitted to the State Duma of the Russian Fe deration on 16 December 2021, has so far remained at the level of "proposals and comments for the second reading". This allows us to focus on the analysis of problematic issues of the current situation with the legislative basis of local self-government in Russia in order to avoid and take into account in the future existing errors and shortcomings, as well as to improve the current system of legal regulation of local self-government as soon as possible. The Authors of this study attempt to analyze and draw the attention of other researchers, representatives of federal and regional legislative authorities to the existing obvious problems in the legislative regulation of local self-government in federal cities. Specific examples of the texts of the laws of Moscow, St. Petersburg and Sevastopol, allow us to draw disappointing conclusions about the significant abuse by the legislators of these constituent entities of the Russian Federation of their rights to regulate certain issues of organization and functioning of local self-government in the territory of federal cities. Evidently, the existing conflicts should be eliminated as soon as possible and taken into account by the federal legislator in the formation of future legislative framework for determining the specifics of local self-government in federal cities. The current situation seriously affects the principle of direct and immediate effect of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as the priority of federal legislation over regional legislation on issues of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities.

How humanitarian–development responses may discriminate by nationality: Refugee and migrant inclusion following the 2016 Jordan Compact

AbstractMotivationThe Jordan Compact was signed in 2016 by the Government of Jordan and the European Union (EU) to allow 200,000 Syrian refugees to work in Jordan in exchange for better access to the EU market for Jordan's exports. This marked a transition for Jordan's humanitarian sector. However, while services did indeed expand and elements of labour transitions and livelihood support were included, these benefits were exclusively for Syrian refugees and Jordanians, with little consideration given to other vulnerable refugees and migrant workers.PurposeWe examine how the Jordan Compact affected refugee aid and inclusion for Syrians, and its effects on other refugees and migrant workers in Jordan.Methods and approachWe draw on media and news articles, reports from non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) and the United Nations, Jordanian law and policy, and prior academic research. We analyse the content of key informant interviews with representatives of government, international organizations, and NGOs conducted in August 2019. We use observations from the author's experience as a development worker in Jordan from 2016 to 2020.Policy implicationsSituated in an increasingly complex debate on the differential reception of refugees, we show differential treatment of refugees beyond reception and border policy. The selective, temporary, nationality‐based legalization of refugee labour is intrinsically linked to the nature of refugeehood, whereby governments cannot maintain strict short‐term limits on residency as they can with migrant labour.

Local-Self Governance in Federal Nepal: A Critical Review

This paper sheds light on local self-governance in Nepal, including its structure, components, practice, prospects, and limitations critically, while raising questions such as: what were the reasons for transforming the unitary system of governance into the federal structure, what are the principles of local government, and how does it work under the federal framework? It is a descriptive and analytical paper that best uses data from secondary sources and observing functions of local governments. The study's theoretical foundation is based on good governance principles, aimed at improving the quality of service delivery by the local government in Nepal. The elected representatives of the local government make plans and policies for public welfare, utilizing the power conferred on them by the law. By evaluating the historical landscapes, practices, and outcomes of local self-governance, it has been concluded that the quality of the government is the result of a continuous interface among system capabilities, public response, and accountability.