Community Representatives Research Articles

Brexit, Science and Higher Education: Legal Problems and Regulatory Dilemmas of Disintegration

The purpose of the study is a dialectical consideration of the sphere of science and higher education as a factor influencing the development of integration interaction between integration entities and member states and preventing disintegration. The authors substantiate that over the years of EU membership, the United Kingdom has become a highly integrated state that has received numerous benefits in the field of science and higher education, for which Brexit can be considered a step back. The concluded agreements between London and Brussels, as well as the adopted British legislation, on the one hand, contributed to a decrease in the flow of students and representatives of the academic community to the UK, and on the other, became an obstacle to the UK’s participation in projects for organizing mobility and developing the potential of universities within the framework of EU educational and research programs, previously making up a significant portion of UK university funding. As a result, the British government did not give up attempts to restore a high degree of interaction with the EU in this area. Following Windsor Framework Agreement, the two parties agreed on UK’s participation in European programs on an equal basis with colleagues from EU member states and access to appropriate funding, which, however, only partially compensates for the negative consequences of ending membership in EU. The authors emphasize that Brexit confirms that international interaction in science and higher education is an important factor in strengthening integration construction, which is fully relevant for the development and strengthening of integration of states within the Eurasian Economic Union.

Does Provider Autonomy Work Well in Tanzania? Perspectives of Primary Care Facilities on Budget Execution under Direct Facility Financing and Factors Affecting Provider Autonomy in Singida Region

ABSTRACT Primary care facilities’ autonomy and the factors that influence it are understudied. Direct facility financing (DFF) is gaining popularity in low- and middle-income countries as a modality to finance primary care facilities. Tanzania has introduced DFF with the objectives of streamlining resource allocation, fostering fiscal decentralization, and granting autonomy to health facilities for enhanced service readiness and responsiveness. This study aims to contribute evidence on primary care facilities’ autonomy to execute DFF funds and the factors influencing this autonomy. Qualitative interviews and group discussions were conducted with health workers, managers, and community representatives from two councils to understand their perceptions of the autonomy of primary care facilities under DFF and remaining bottlenecks to effective budget execution. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis to explore factors that influence facility autonomy to execute DFF funds. Primary care facilities are well informed on financial management and have adequate autonomy to execute DFF funds. However, several factors constrain their autonomy, including delays in funds disbursement, complex procurement and approval processes, rigid spending caps, restrictions on reallocations, and weaknesses in financial management capacity. DFF is a promising modality for health financing that supports health system goals. However, various challenges continue to hinder the autonomy of frontline service providers to fully execute DFF funds. To improve DFF budget execution, policy makers in Tanzania and elsewhere should consider reforms to better align public financial management and health financing.

“Placing community in the driver's seat”: Key strategies and critical enablers of an equitable place-based COVID-19 vaccination response

Addressing health inequities requires both national and local-level action. In the case of COVID-19, locally-led place-based programs were instrumental in addressing vaccination inequities that resulted from implementation gaps in national and state-level universal COVID-19 vaccination programs. To prepare for future pandemics, understanding which local strategies are effective and the conditions that enable their effectiveness is crucial. We conducted a case study using qualitative interviews (n = 22) and document analysis to identify key strategies employed to increase vaccination uptake among priority populations in a regional community in Victoria, Australia, and the conditions perceived to enable or constrain the success of those strategies. Interviewees included Aboriginal and migrant community members (n = 12) and representatives from organisations that designed and implemented the COVID-19 vaccination program (n = 10). Strategies perceived to be effective by local migrant and Aboriginal communities included the location of outreach clinics (places considered physically, cultural and political accessible and safe), communication via trusted community leaders, practical supports such as translation services and transport, and empowering community in clinical interactions. Conditions perceived to influence program implementation and outcomes related to four themes: (i) shared vision and strong bonds of local partners, (ii) placing community in the driver's seat, (iii) rebalancing power through leadership grit and guts, and (iv) equity-enabling service and funding models. Our study supports strengthening of national and state government investment and engagement with local partnerships to place equity and community at the centre of future pandemic and public health responses.

Optimization of Civil Servants' Performance at the Department of Population and Civil Registration, South Papua Provincial Government

The main problem in our study is the Unorderly Administration of Population and Civil Registration Services at the Population and Civil Registration and Community and Village Empowerment Service of Merauke Regency. This is because South Papua Province is a new province. this research aims to analyze the implementation, obstacles, and efforts in applying Ministerial Regulation No. 6 of 2022 for state civil servants at the service in question. The research method we use a qualitative descriptive approach was used, with a Likert Scale method applied to measure respondent tendencies through questionnaires. Data was collected from 5 leaders, 10 task implementers, and 135 community representatives across 4 sub-districts. Primary data came from interviews and questionnaires, while secondary data was obtained from documents. The results show that key dimensions, including resource availability, facilities, performance, SOP clarity, and effectiveness, did not meet performance standards, with scores ranging from 33-66%. However, dimensions such as knowledge, budget, skills, and innovation were within acceptable standards. Based on these findings, the study recommends transitioning from manual to digital services to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Further research and collaboration between government and universities are also recommended to support community service efforts.

Scaling Deep: Societal impact through a new approach to regional development.

Dingle Hub operates in a facilitating role between different actors, organisations and community representatives, leading work locally and linking such work to external partners within the realm of sustainability transitions. Within this, there are both historical and ongoing collaborations across a range of sectors such as agriculture, tourism, transport, and energy which highlight the novel approach to regional development which is pursued through the Hub. The flowering of wider action emerging through Dingle Hub's ongoing collaborations has previously been termed the diffusion of sustainability. Due to local and wider impact, there has been a great interest in Dingle Hub's model from a range of different stakeholders concerned with sustainability transitions. A common question is often asked: “How can we do this elsewhere?”. Within this short communication we introduce the concept of “Scaling Deep” as central to the continued success and further development of Dingle Hub and its collaborative endeavours.

Dynamics and modification of the ideological discourse of online radical Salafi communities

The article considers the problem of the discursive representation of online Salafi communities in Russian social networks, which comes as a seldom-studied but rather relevant issue. Despite the increasing restrictions in the Russian-speaking Internet regarding extremist materials and radical content, radical Salafi communities have adapted their discourse and managed to maintain their presence on social networks. The purpose of the study is to identify the most active radical Salafi communities on VKontakte and to find out modifi cation of Salafi discourse during the period between the 2023 and 2024 compared with the results of the previous research. The empirical base of the study is represented with the data (posts and network metrics reflecting the popularity of the content) from almost two dozen online communities. The study classifies Salafi communities into three types according to the degree of content radicalism. It discovers the main characteristic narratives and diff erences in the Salafi communities’ discourse.

Advancing research on greenspace and climate-sensitive adverse birth outcomes for equity and impact.

Environmental epidemiologists are increasingly evaluating whether and how human exposure to vegetation (greenspace) can benefit health. Relatedly, scientists and policymakers have highlighted the need to integrate efforts to address the dual crises of accelerating climate change and rapid loss of biodiversity, including nature-based solutions. Greenspace is one solution that can protect humans from climate-related exposures, including heat, air pollution, and flooding. However, most environmental epidemiology research on greenspace occurs in high-income countries, and adverse birth outcomes, previously associated with greenspace, disproportionately occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although epidemiology research using existing survey or administrative data and satellite imagery is important for documenting broad patterns, such research is lacking in LMICs. Further, complementary, community-engaged research to inform interventions and policies is needed so that nature-based solutions with co-benefits for climate mitigation and health are adopted effectively and equitably. We provide suggestions for future research that would increase impact and call for better representation of LMICs and vulnerable communities within high-income countries in research and action on greenspace and climate-sensitive birth outcomes.

Effects of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on Amazonian freshwater invertebrates: A mesocosm experiment

Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used insecticides globally, yet its toxicity for tropical aquatic ecosystems in Latin America has not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, we conducted a 70-day mesocosm experiment to assess the effects of chlorpyrifos on zooplankton and macroinvertebrate communities representative of the Ecuadorian Amazon. Mesocosms were exposed to a single application of chlorpyrifos at four nominal concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L). Results showed rapid chlorpyrifos dissipation, with a half-life of 1.2 days. For some Rotifera species, including Polyarthra luminosa and Anuraeopsis sp., a consistent No Observable Effect Concentration (NOEC) of 0.01 μg/L was identified. Cyclopoida (e.g., Macrocyclops sp.) also displayed treatment-related declines, with a NOEC of 0.1 μg/L. Among macroinvertebrates, the most sensitive taxon was the Ephemeropteran Caenis sp. (NOEC: 0.1 μg/L), while other insect taxa (Odonata, Diptera) also showed significant treatment-related declines. Based on the response of some Rotifera species and the zooplankton community, we determined a mesocosm NOEC of 0.01 μg/L. The response of Rotifera taxa was explained by indirect effects resulting from a decline in copepod populations within the experimental systems, which led to an increase in Cladocera (e.g., Moina sp.), effective grazers on small rotifers. Our findings suggest a mesocosm NOEC slightly lower than those reported in other tropical and temperate studies (0.1 μg/L), potentially due to differences in species composition and interactions. Finally, our study highlights that measured chlorpyrifos concentrations in Latin American surface waters exceed levels at which both direct and indirect effects have been observed. Additional monitoring and regulatory measures are needed to control chlorpyrifos use and environmental release in tropical regions with intensive agriculture and high rainfall.

Opportunities for more ecologically centred and equitable relations in local government environmental discourse: insights from Victoria, Australia

ABSTRACT The environment is a complex, life-sustaining, biocultural system. In the context of climate change, biodiversity decline, social inequalities, and calls for transformative change, it is crucial to examine how the environment is represented in policy because environmental representations have implications for governance and material effects. Policy documents express values and shape responsibilities and actions, and power is imbued in the representations and discourses that underpin them. Local government has increasing responsibilities and expectations in relation to the environment, and unique opportunities and constraints including its proximity to the people and environments it represents. This research narrows in to analyse local government discourses in legislated four-year plans in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, for a detailed example of environmental discourses within a time and place. We ask — what are the distinct and overlapping characteristics of environmental discourses within local governments’ strategic plans, and what opportunities do they present towards more ecologically centred and equitable representations? Drawing on a taxonomy of environmental discourses developed by John Dryzek, we find alignments that indicate the dominant discourses are “reformist”. However, there are divergences that lean into the more “radical” discourses through their focus on relationships of care and stewardship of the environment, and qualitative representations of diverse communities and recognition of their political capabilities. We draw on these findings to consider opportunities and challenges of extending environmental discourses in policy towards a relational approach that centres nature and social equity.

Demographic Change and Social Cohesion In Post‐Islamic State Iraq

AbstractBetween 2014 and 2017, the Islamic State (ISIS) brutally ruled over a population of eight million in Iraq and Syria. The group systematically persecuted and murdered tens of thousands of people of minoritized ethnicities and destroyed their houses and heritage, schools and hospitals, resulting in the displacement of an estimated three to five million people. In this article, we analyze the ongoing impact of the ISIS occupation on social cohesion in Iraq. Our report is based on interviews conducted with community representatives in the Nineveh Plains of the country's northwest. We focus on the dynamics of displacement and return in historically Christian, Assyrian‐majority areas during and since the occupation. Our findings show that people's everyday experiences and senses of community in Nineveh are intertwined with adjusting to the recent population changes, which have redrawn ethnic minority/majority relations. The research illustrates that demographic change—which we define as shifts in ethnic composition—is a relevant consideration for policies that seek to foster social cohesion in post‐ISIS Iraq. More broadly, the article highlights how post‐conflict policy making benefits from research conducted directly with conflict‐affected populations, as it reflects communities’ experiences.

METHODOLOGICAL APPARATUS AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM OF STUDYING THE SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL, SOCIAL AND CHARITABLE, AND PUBLIC ACTIVITIES OF ORTHODOX BROTHERHOODS IN VOLYN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th - AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY

The scientific study outlines the need for a detailed analysis of the methodological apparatus of the problem of studying the spiritual, educational, social, charitable and public activities of the Orthodox brotherhoods of Volyn (2nd half of the 19th - at the beginning of the 20th century). The scientific and theoretical foundations of the problem under study are analyzed. The characteristics of the leading theoretical approaches to the holistic and systematic analysis of historical and pedagogical phenomena and processes involved in the methodology of researching the spiritual, educational, social and charitable activities of the Orthodox brotherhoods of Volyn werte investigated, namely: historical genetic approach, historical systematic approach, historical and comparative approach. The author proposes a classification of social and charitable institutions of spiritual, educational and patronage nature based on their origin and subordination. The characteristics of the main types of spiritual, educational, social and public activities of charitable organizations in Volyn during the studied period are presented: organizational, spiritual and educational, professional and pedagogical, trustee, charitable, publishing, research. The main forms and methods of spiritual, educational, social and public activities of charitable organizations of Volyn (2nd half of the 19the-at the beginning of the 20th century) are identified. The spiritual revival of the state, which began an the beginning og the 1990’s, is taking place on a difficult social background, which is manifested in the crisis of morality that permeates all spheres of our life. Therefore, at the present stage of development of education and science, given the urgent needs of humanizing Ukrainian society, it is necessary to return to the revival of Christian moral values. Religion, being an organic component of the spiritual life of society, played an important role in the process of Ukrainian state and cultural construction, and helped Ukrainians preserve their national identity for many centuries. Spiritual and educational, social, public and charitable activities of the clergy and representatives of the Orthodox community to promote education, culture, and spirituality based on local traditions contributed to the preservation of the national identity of the people. The spiritual, educational, social, charitable, and public activities of Orthodox brotherhoods, strengthened by the growth of spiritual and secular educational institutions and charitable institutions, acquired both religious status and social and public significance. The content of education in the study period realized the multiculturalism inherited by the Volyn region, the polyphony of educational imperatives, and the integration of national, general education, moral and spiritual indicators.

Results of a healthcare transition learning collaborative for emerging adults with sickle cell disease: the ST3P-UP study transition quality improvement collaborative

BackgroundIndividuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience poor clinical outcomes while transitioning from paediatric to adult care. Standards for SCD transition are needed. We established a Quality Improvement (QI) Collaborative...

Dialectical Behavior Therapy Programming for Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Implementation Outcomes

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an updated examination of the adolescent Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) literature and synthesize study findings across treatment settings (e.g. inpatient, outpatient, school), and treatment levels (e.g. clinical intervention, targeted, universal prevention). We also provide meta-analytic findings of the impact of DBT across key problem behaviors: depression, emotion dysregulation, suicidal and self-harm behaviors, externalizing problems, and eating disorders. Method A reference database search was used to identify studies conducted on adolescent DBT interventions from 2000 through 2023 (N = 72). In addition to ensuring that the review process conformed to the PRISMA statement, we independently verified that each study met inclusion criteria before triple coding each article to examine variables of interest and extracted outcome data needed to conduct meta-analyses. Results DBT appears to demonstrate effectiveness in improving mental health outcomes in adolescents across a range of psychiatric problems. To meet these treatment needs, DBT interventions have been appropriately adapted based on care setting, suggesting empirical support in inpatient, residential, partial hospitalization, and intensive outpatient programs, as well as in outpatient settings, juvenile correctional facilities, and schools. Conclusions The growing evidence base for adolescent DBT appears to reflect its promise and versatile clinical utility. Clinical implications and recommendations for future directions are discussed, including the need for more randomized controls and representation of diverse communities.

Blue Vane and Pan Traps Are More Effective for Profiling Multiple Facets of Bee Diversity in Subtropical Forests.

The choice of trap in entomological surveys affects the composition of captured insects, though previous comparative studies have been limited in the types of composition measured, and the effects of environmental context. We assessed the sampling bias of several traps commonly used in pollinator monitoring: blue, yellow, and white pan traps, and blue vane traps, towards different taxonomic and functional groups and their efficiency in measuring taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. Analyses were performed in monoculture and mixed forests to understand the environmental context of trap efficiency. We found that blue pan traps generally outperformed other types in bee capture and exhibited a preference for Halictidae bees. Blue pan traps yielded the highest species richness and phylogenetic diversity, while blue vane traps captured the highest functional richness. Bias differences were frequently detected in mixed forests compared with monoculture forests. We also found the combination of blue vane and pan traps consistently correlated highest with a complete survey among two-method combinations. Based on our findings, we recommend a combination of blue vane and pan traps to obtain a more comprehensive bee collection in an efficient manner. Additionally, it is crucial to consider habitat type when designing bee trapping protocols to ensure an accurate representation of bee communities.

Iron fortification modifies the microbial community structure and metabolome of a model surface-ripened cheese

Iron is a vital micronutrient for nearly all microorganisms, serving as a co-factor in critical metabolic pathways. However, cheese is an iron-restricted environment. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that iron represents a growth-limiting factor for many microorganisms involved in cheese ripening and that this element is central to many microbial interactions occurring in this ecosystem. This study explores the impact of iron fortification on the growth and activity of a reduced microbial community composed of nine strains representative of the microbial community of surface-ripened cheeses. Three different iron compounds (ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric citrate) were used at three different concentrations, i.e., 18, 36, and 72 μM, to fortify cheese curd after inoculation with the consortium. This treatment significantly enhanced the growth of certain cheese-ripening bacteria in curd, resulting in substantial changes in the volatilome and metabolome profiles. These observations were dose-dependent, with more pronounced effects detected with higher iron concentrations. No statistically significant difference was observed in the microbial composition based on the iron compounds used for fortification, but this factor had an impact on the volatilome and amino acids profile. These findings highlight the importance of iron availability for the behavior of cheese microbial communities. They also open novel perspectives on cheesemakers' use of iron fortification to control microbial growth and improve cheese quality.

Beyond Judicial Solitude: Listening in the Politics of Criminal Sentencing

Criminal sentencing has grown into an increasingly interactive process featuring a multiplicity of potential actors—prosecution, defence, the individual convicted of the crime, probation officers and case workers, victims or their families, the police, community representatives, community workers, and even academics. The philosophical foundations of sentencing scholarship, however, regularly assume a model of judicial solitude in which sentencing judges are separate and apart from other actors. This article suggests the need to take sentencing’s interactivity and its politics seriously and draws on democratic theory to address this gap. Accordingly, it argues that listening—as conceived of by deliberative democrats—is essential to a relational ethic that ensures both the legitimacy and quality of sentencing decisions, particularly in cases involving marginalized communities. In doing so, it turns to judicial practice and highlights both the need and possibilities for listening to be taken up as an explicit feature of judicial ethics.

Striking the balance: anti-money laundering goals and legal privilege in Australia

ABSTRACT Criminals engage legal professionals for their skills and services to facilitate laundering of proceeds from crime. Despite this risk, Australia remains one of the few countries globally that is non-compliant with international anti-money laundering (‘AML’) standards set by the Financial Action Task Force (‘FATF’) which urge States to impose preventative measures on legal professionals to provide intelligence to assist law enforcement in detecting financial crime. Representatives of the legal community have vehemently opposed regulating legal professionals under Australia’s AML laws since the inception of Australia’s formal AML framework, fearing that it would cause irreconcilable tension with lawyers’ ethical duties to uphold legal professional privilege (‘LPP’). Although Australia is among the last countries to impose AML duties on legal professionals, its lawmakers can benefit from examining best practices in comparable, globally compliant jurisdictions. Through consideration of the regulatory frameworks in the United Kingdom and New Zealand, this article derives practical insights and offers actionable recommendations for Australian lawmakers and international stakeholders on how to preserve LPP to the greatest extent possible while advancing AML goals. While LPP is not a barrier to AML regulation, it is an important consideration for lawmakers.

Development of Mosque Architecture in Islamic Civilization and Its Context in Indonesia

The mosque is a place to worship Allah SWT. Mosques have an important meaning for Muslims because they have a long history and are inseparable from the development of Muslim civilization. As a religious building, the mosque is a representation of the Muslim community that gave birth to and prospered it. Mosques evolve and develop dynamically along with the growth and development of culture in society, presenting two sides of the coin. On the one hand, this dynamic encourages the growth and adaptation of mosques to social and cultural changes. But on the other hand, it presents a problem in understanding the history of the mosque as a whole. The evolution of the mosque also opens up opportunities for deeper exploration of the mosque in order to understand history. By analyzing the development of mosques from various aspects, such as architecture, culture and social roles, we can gain a deeper understanding of the changes and development of mosques in various historical periods in the world and in Indonesia.

“POLITICALLY MATURE AND EXPERIENCED ONE...”: SOME MODELS OF ROTATION OF THE FIRST SECRETARIES OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY REGIONAL COMMITTEE IN THE 2ND HALF OF THE 1940S TO THE 50S (based on the materials of the Upper Volga regions)

The article analyses the models of rotation of regional leadership in the Upper Volga regions at the end of Stalin’s period and in the beginning of Khrushchev’s one. The focus is on the 3 first secretaries of the Communist Party regional committee in the 1940–50s - Pavel Alfyorov, Vladimir Luk’yanov, Fyodor Titov, who at different times were Party leaders of Vladimir, Ivanovo, and Yaroslavl regions. Attention is paid to quantitative and institutional characteristics associated with personnel rotations of late Stalinism and Khrushchev Thaw. The methodological basis of the study was the principles of historicism and systematicity, the prosopographic method, a combination of analysis of archival documents and sources of personal origin. The theoretical basis of the article is based on the ideas of Yelena Zubkova, Aleksandr Konovalov, Aleksey Fyodorov, Oleg Khlevniuk, Yoram Gorlizki. The source base is represented by documents from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, materials from documentary publications and reference publications, and personal sources (memoirs, interviews). The article concludes, that the biographies of the first secretaries of the regional committees of the Upper Volga regions (Pavel Alfyorov, Vladimir Luk’yanov, Fyodor Titov) demonstrate 3 different models of rotation of regional leadership personnel of Stalin and Khrushchev periods, but do not exhaust the diversity of personnel movements in the post-war USSR. It is noted that the first rotation model “From region to region”, inherent in Vladimir Luk’yanov, can be considered typical of the group of successful Stalinist promoters of the late 1930s. It is emphasised that the second model “Region-centre-region”, inherent in Pavel Alfyorov, reflects a move across the regions with a short-term return to the central apparatus of an experienced but not quite successful Party functionary. It is stated that the third model “Second-First-Second”, inherent in Fyodor Titov, was more rare, characterised by alternating the position of first secretary of the regional committee in the regions of the Russian Soviet Republic and second secretary in the republican communist parties of the USSR. The significance for career growth in the 1940-50s is noted considering the positions of second secretary of the regional committee, chairman of the regional executive committee, inspector of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, structures of the central apparatus. As the finishing point in the nomenclature career of Party functionaries of the 1950–60s, the Party Control Committee is indicated. The publication is an invitation to discussion for representatives of the scientific community regarding the typification and classification of regional Party leaders of the Soviet era.

The Cost of Coordination Failures: Impacts on Urban Development Projects and Citizen Services in Bangladesh

Rapid urbanization in Bangladesh places significant pressure on City Corporations to effectively plan and implement urban development projects, often in collaboration with national agencies. However, coordination failures are prevalent, leading to significant costs and hindering urban development. This study investigates the challenges in service delivery coordination faced by City Corporations in Bangladesh, focusing on Cumilla and Dhaka as case studies to understand the complexities of coordination in varying urban contexts. A qualitative research approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 110 stakeholders across both cities. This included 40 City Corporation officials, 30 government agency representatives, and 70 community representatives, ensuring a multi-faceted understanding of the issue. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis and interpretive techniques to identify recurring patterns and themes related to coordination challenges, their consequences, and potential solutions. Rigor and trustworthiness were ensured through data triangulation, member checking, and reflexivity. The study identified several key coordination challenges, including dysfunctional coordination committees, power struggles between City Corporations and national agencies, non-compliance with regulations, unclear roles and responsibilities, dual control over tasks, breaches of agreements, political interference, self-serving leadership, and inadequate corrective measures. These challenges hinder project progress and negatively impact citizens, leading to subpar work quality, project delays, funding withdrawals, poor service delivery, financial waste, and increased public distress. In conclusion, this study underscores the urgent need for improved coordination mechanisms, accountability frameworks, and capacity-building initiatives to enhance urban development and service delivery in Bangladesh.