Representative Institutions Research Articles

Основные тенденции участия отечественных представительных институтов в государственном внешнеполитическом механизме

The article considers the features of the functioning of early models of the Russian foreign policy mechanism. With this in mind, in the process of research, institutional, historical-genetic and activity methods have been applied. On the basis of a retrospective analysis, the traditional features of domestic systems for making and implementing foreign policy decisions that functioned within the framework of the Ancient Russian State, the Moscow State and the Russian Empire have been characterized. Five main models of the mechanism for the formation and implementation of foreign policy,which were characterized by varying degrees of subjectivity of representative institutions, have been identified: the system of making foreign policy decisions in the Ancient Russian principalities in the X–XIV centuries (a high degree of subjectivity of the veche, taking into account the influence of the activation of external threats and internal instability); 2) the mechanism for the formation and implementation of the foreign policy of the Moscow State in the XVI–XVII centuries (increase in the subjectivity of the Boyar Duma and the Zemsky Sobor in the context of exacerbation of external threats and internal crisis manifestations); 3) foreign policy mechanism of the Russian Empire in the XVIII – early XX centuries (low subjectivity of the Senate, the Legislative Commissions, the State Council in the circumstances of constant external threats, the strengthening of central power and relative domestic political stabilization); 4) the mechanism of foreign policy activity of the Russian Empire in 1906–1917 (a higher level of subjectivity of the State Duma against the background of the crisis of the international system, the aggravation of external threats and internal economic and political problems); 5) a conventionally distinguished foreign policy mechanism that functioned in the period after the February Revolution of 1917 until the formation of the USSR (deviant model: contradictions between the Petrograd Soviet and the Provisional Government on foreign policy issues against the background of the transformation of the system of international relations, the activation of external threats and internal shocks). It has been established that these models (except for the last one, which seems to be a special case) have in common the presence within the state bureaucracy of the dominant role of the «first person», which, at different historical stages, could have the powers of a commander and sovereign, exerting the greatest influence on the process of foreign policy formation. At the same time, the supreme leader, as a rule, relied on a narrow circle of trusted persons in the implementation of their functions in the foreign policy sphere. Traditionally, «power departments» (military, naval, foreign affairs) were personally subordinated to the head of state. It is concluded that the subjectivity of representative institutions within the framework of the state foreign policy mechanism increased in the face of increased external threats and internal crises and, accordingly, decreased against the background of general stabilization and strengthening of the central government.

Kajian Yuridis Hak Imunitas Anggota DPR RI dalam Prinsip Equality Before the Law Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2018 Perubahan-Perubahan Ke Dua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2014 Tentang MPR, DPR, DPD dan DPRD

This research was carried out with the aim of finding out and studying more deeply the Immunity Rights in the principle of Equality Before the Law held by members of the DPR RI. The research method used is normative juridical. The results of the research show that: The immunity rights of members of the DPR are interpreted as the right of members of the people's representative institutions to discuss or state in writing all matters within the institution without being sued before a court. With the right to immunity, members of the DPR are not immune from the law, because the right to immunity does not apply in general, apart from that, Indonesia also upholds the principle of equality before the law. The articles that regulate the DPR's immunity rights, such as Articles 224 and 245, were submitted for review to the Constitutional Court and then decided with decision Number 76/PUU- regarding granting permission to examine members of the DPR who are summoned in the context of suspected criminal acts, the authority of which was originally held by the MKD in article 245 has been removed by the MK.

Global Scientific Trends in Virtual Reality for Pain Treatment From 2000 to 2022: Bibliometric Analysis.

Virtual reality (VR) is a computer simulation technique that has been increasingly applied in pain management over the past 2 decades. In this study, we used bibliometrics to explore the literature on VR and pain control, with the aim of identifying research progress and predicting future research hot spots. We extracted literature on VR and pain control published between 2000 and 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collections and conducted bibliometric analyses. We analyzed the publication and citation trends in the past 2 decades, as well as publication and citation analyses of different countries, institutions, journals, and authors. For references, we conducted cocitation and burst analyses. For keywords, we conducted co-occurrence, clustering, timeline view, and citation burst analyses. Based on 1176 publications, we found that there was a continuous increase in publication and citation volumes, especially in the last 5 years. The United States was the most representative country, and the University of Washington was the most representative institution, with both having the most publications and citations. The most popular journal in this field was Burns, and Hoffman HG was the most productive author, leading many studies on patients with burn pain. The reference with the most citation burst was a study on the verification of new hardware in pain control. The keywords with the highest citation bursts related to various situations of pain such as "burn pain," "wound care," "low back pain," and "phantom limb." VR has been applied in various clinical situations for pain management, among which burns and pediatric surgery have achieved satisfactory results. We infer that VR will be extended to more clinical pain situations in the future, such as pain control in wound care, low back pain, and phantom limb pain. New research hot spots will include the development of software and hardware to improve the immersive experience of VR for pain control. However, our work was based solely on English literature from the Web of Science database. For future studies, we recommend that researchers explore literature from multiple databases to enhance the scope of their research.

Clinical impact of permanent pacemaker implantation following surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation concomitant to mitral valve surgery: a multicenter study

Abstract Background Permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation is a common adverse event following arrhythmia surgery. However, the epidemiology and clinical impact of PPM has been shown in only few studies in heterogeneous population, and the results are controversial. Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of PPM implantation following surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) concomitant to mitral valve (MV) surgery. Methods We identified 721 patients (aged 60.2±11.0 years, 437 females) who underwent surgical ablation of AF along with MV repair or replacement at five representative institutions in Korea between 2005 and 2017. Of these, 56 had PPM implanted (PPM group) and the remainder (n=665) did not receive a PPM (No-PPM group). The clinical outcomes were compared between the groups, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis with time-varying covariate was conducted to determine the impact of PPM implantation on mortality and stroke. Results The patients in the PPM group were older, and had a higher CHAD2S2-VASc score than those in the No-PPM group (Table). During follow-up of 68.3 months (interquartile range 44.5-105.4 months), no significant survival difference was evident between the groups, however, the PPM group presented a significantly higher incidence of stroke than No-PPM group (p<0.001) (Figure). On time-varying multivariable analysis, the PPM was not a risk factor for mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18-1.08; p=0.072), however, old age (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.13; p<0.001), chronic kidney disease (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.01-2.58; p=0.046) and previous cardiac surgery (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.01-3.21; p=0.027) were independent predictors of mortality in this subset of patients. The only significant risk factor for stroke was CHAD2S2-VASc score (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.61; p=0.044), and PPM was not associated with risk of stroke (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 0.71-4.90; p=0.202). Conclusion PPM implantation following surgical ablation of AF concomitant to MV surgery was not associated with an increased risk of mortality or stroke. This study result provides a supporting evidence for an active attempt in surgical ablation despite of inherent risk of PPM implantation.

Transparency in research: An analysis of ChatGPT usage acknowledgment by authors across disciplines and geographies

ABSTRACT This investigation systematically reviews the recognition of generative AI tools, particularly ChatGPT, in scholarly literature. Utilizing 1,226 publications from the Dimensions database, ranging from November 2022 to July 2023, the research scrutinizes temporal trends and distribution across disciplines and regions. U.S.-based authors lead in acknowledgments, with notable contributions from China and India. Predominantly, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, as well as Information and Computing Sciences, are engaging with these AI tools. Publications like “The Lancet Digital Health” and platforms such as “bioRxiv” are recurrent venues for such acknowledgments, highlighting AI’s growing impact on research dissemination. The analysis is confined to the Dimensions database, thus potentially overlooking other sources and grey literature. Additionally, the study abstains from examining the acknowledgments' quality or ethical considerations. Findings are beneficial for stakeholders, providing a basis for policy and scholarly discourse on ethical AI use in academia. This study represents the inaugural comprehensive empirical assessment of AI acknowledgment patterns in academic contexts, addressing a previously unexplored aspect of scholarly communication.

Multilateralism in Global Health: A New Paradigm

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the fragile state of the global economy and the impact of newly emerging diseases can have. As the World Health Organisation (WHO) declares the pandemic over, there is a need to re-think the prevalent ideas of multilateralism and enable global cooperation in preventing and managing future pandemics and impacts of climate change. The global multilateral institutions have developed since their inception after World War II into large-scale organisations which route funds towards development in social, economic and health of the member nations. However, they continue to be helmed by the Global North, with priorities being increasingly influenced by private individuals and multinational corporations which provide funds. The G20 and its member nations seek equitable representation in the global institutions. With India at its presidency as the world emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic, the need of the hour is a reformed and equitable multilateralism with provisions for international cooperation, knowledge and data sharing in case of global emergencies, and pharmaceutical and vaccine supply chains that can work around the WTO’s TRIPS regulations in emergency conditions. The use of technology in healthcare services has gained momentum in the last decade and India’s call to declare digital health tools a public good is expected to be a major milestone in healthcare.

Creating Synergies between International Law and Rights of Nature

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of failing environmental governance, rights of nature (RoN) are lauded as the paradigm shift needed to transform law's approach to nature. RoN have been increasingly proclaimed at the domestic level but remain mostly absent from international law. As examined in this article, this is notably as a result of some profound incompatibilities between international law and RoN, including the fact that most international treaties approach nature as a resource to be owned, exploited or protected for the sake of humans. However, despite this dominant approach to nature, some areas of international law, notably under the leadership of Indigenous peoples, are starting to acknowledge a more relational approach to nature, putting forward concepts of care, kinship, and representation of nature in international law. Building on these developments, this article offers a reflection on potential synergies between RoN and international law, specifically by changing the latter's approach to nature. It argues that some of the RoN concepts concerning duty of care, institutional representation of nature's voice, and ecocentrism could serve as a platform to reinterpret some of the anthropocentric principles of international law, creating some potential synergies between RoN and international law.

Village Consultative Institution Status of As a Form Of Democracy Life In The Village

Villages hold a prominent and expansive position in terms of sovereignty and their role in regulating and managing village affairs, as outlined in Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, Government Regulation Number 43 of 2014, and Government Regulation Number 76 of 2015, which pertain to the implementation of regulations stated in Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. Within the authority of the Village Head and members of the Village Representative Institution, one crucial aspect related to village governance is the existence of Village Regulations. These regulations play a vital role as they serve as the legal foundation for the implementation of various village programs and activities. As statutory regulations, Village Regulations are bound by formal and material principles that must be adhered to. Village regulations, as legal products, must align with the procedural techniques for creating legislation outlined in Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of Laws and Regulations. The process of formulating laws and regulations requires specific knowledge and skills that should be well understood by both the village government and the village community.
 Keywords: village, regulation, government

Implementasi Sertifikasi Halal Self Declaire Pada Usaha Mikro Dan Kecil Di Surabaya

. The aim of the research is to find out, analyze and evaluate the implementation of halal certification for micro and small businesses through BPJPH and to find out, analyze and evaluate how halal certification through BPJPH works for micro and small businesses in the city of Surabaya from an Islamic economic perspective. This research was carried out in accordance with the strategic research plan of Wijaya Putra University for 2020 - 2024 in the leading areas of managing innovation & creative industry with research topics on standardization and competitiveness of MSMEs and creative industries. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. This research data was collected through observation, interview and documentation techniques which were validated through method triangulation and source triangulation techniques and then analyzed through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions and verification. The findings of this research are that the BPJPH self-declaration halal certification process for micro and small businesses in 2023 in the city of Surabaya which is dominated by food products rather than beverage products is carried out in several stages. First, registration is carried out online on the halal application and accompanied by a halal process companion from a BPJPH representative institution bringing the specified documents. Second, the halal process assistant from the BPJPH representative agency will carry out an inspection to check the suitability of the completeness of the files in the field. Third, holding a fatwa commission hearing to assess whether the product can be accepted or rejected. Fourth, products accepted at the fatwa commission hearing will be approved for certification. Halal certification in a sharia economic perspective applies three ethical principles, namely, aqidah, shiddiq, and amanah which are related to the urgency of halal certification not only for consumers but also business actors, including, among other things, the importance of eating halal food, providing guarantees and a sense of security as well as consumer protection

Diversity and inclusion in UK Higher Education: staff perspectives on institutional representations and their reality

ABSTRACT This paper examines staff perspectives on institutional representations of a range of areas of diversity and inclusion in a key post-compulsory education sector: that of UK Higher Education (HE). The paper focuses on comparing representational statements made by institutions with the reality of their lived experiences as perceived by staff. The paper first reviews literature around key issues of promoting and progressing in these areas, and how these areas are represented by institutions and the sector as a whole. It presents and discusses data from a survey (n = 300) to show strong agreement with representational statements as mirroring those of institutions, yet statistically significant differences between representations and the reality of lived experiences, particularly in relation to the lived experiences of staff. These data are discussed in the light of progress made by institutions, and the challenges faced in translating representations into real lived experience. Suggestions for institutions and policy makers are made to help better align reality with these representations in the UK Higher Education sector and, theoretically, for post-compulsory education sectors elsewhere.

PERANAN DPRD DALAM PROSES PENYUSUNAN PERATURAN DAERAH DI KABUPATEN JOMBANG BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 23 TAHUN 2014

One of the instruments in implementing local government is the DPRD which is a regional people's representative institution. The DPRD has a Legislative Function which is carried out with the Regional Head. The legislative function of the DPRD is the function of forming regional regulations with the regional head which must be guided by what has been stipulated in Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning the Establishment of Legislative Regulations. To carry out these functions DPRD members also have certain rights, one of which is the Right of Initiative as the right to submit draft regional regulations. Regional regulations are one of the important instruments in regional government where regional regulations regulate local content specific to regions that are not regulated in the law. In 2021 the Jombang Regency DPRD has high initiative rights. However, in 2022 - 2023 the use of the initiative rights of the Jombang Regency DPRD will decline drastically. The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the implementation of the legislative function of the Jombang Regency DPRD. (1). What is the role of the legislative function of the Jombang district DPRD in 2022-2023, is there an initiative proposal from the DPRD? (2). What are the factors and obstacles in carrying out the legislative function of the proposed DPRD initiative?
 This research uses a library research type that examines various documents related to research. The method used by the author is a normative juridical writing method using a statute approach and a material approach using the DPRD's code of ethics. This research is limited by two research focuses, namely (1) what is the role of the legislative function of the Jombang Regency DPRD in 2022-2023, there are proposals for initiatives from the DPRD (2) what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in carrying out the legislative function of the DPRD initiative proposal? Furthermore, there are two legal materials used in this study, namely primary legal materials, secondary legal materials.
 The results of this study indicate that the formation of regional regulations includes four stages, consisting of; assessment stage, planning stage, discussion stage, and validation stage. From the results of the study it was also found that in the legislative function process the DPRD during 2022-2023 experienced a setback where the DPRD became increasingly passive. The right of initiative is reduced until it is not used at all. However, the process of implementing its legislative function has been carried out in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. However, there are still obstacles that affect the legislative function of the DPRD, including inadequate human resources, delays in the process of establishing the RAPERDA, and lack of community involvement. Keywords: BAPEMPERDA, Regional Regulation, jombang district

Social impact and return on investment from cultural heritage institutions: An application to public libraries in Colombia

Evaluation of cultural heritage organisations and the returns on the resources they are provided with is becoming increasingly important, not only because of the economic efficiency implications but also vis-à-vis measuring their performance in terms of social policy and public governance. The present study seeks to estimate the social impact of libraries, as heritage representative institutions, from the case of the Medellin Public Library System (Spanish acronym – SBPM) in Colombia. This network of libraries is made up of 26 units that – in addition to traditional functions involving loans and custody – offer activities geared towards personal development and the enhancement of the community. The proposed method entails a combination of direct observation indicators together with other indirect or subjective indicators aimed at gauging social impact, applying two different yet complementary techniques; social return on investment (SROI), and contingent valuation (CV). The indicators obtained evidence different results when including subjective valuations in the calculations based on direct observations and financial returns, in line with the differences between the notions of price and value. Based on the findings to emerge, we show that public libraries are socially viable institutions and that they contribute towards the subjective well-being of their users, thereby legitimizing the public investment made to ensure their existence and functioning in the areas where they are located.

Perceptions of chemotherapy calendar creation among US pediatric oncologists.

An effective chemotherapy calendar system between the clinician and the patient/caregiver can improve patient-centered outcomes. There is lack of research on how chemotherapy calendars are created and what aspects are important to pediatric oncology physicians. In an online survey of pediatric oncology physicians, we evaluated institutional practices, perceptions of chemotherapy calendar creation, and desires for future tools. A total of 220 survey participants provided data (10.4% participant response rate) from 123 institutions (53.5% represented institutions). Participants indicated that 72% always or most of the time their institution provides a chemotherapy calendar, most commonly at the start of a new cycle (90%) or with a dosing change (68%). Factors such as the health literacy of the family, prior nonadherence, type of cancer, and desire of the family affected the creation decision. Advanced practice providers (45%) or nurse coordinator/navigators (43%) were most likely to create the chemotherapy calendar. No significant difference was found between the likelihood of creating a chemotherapy calendar and institutional size (p=.09) or physician years in practice (p=.26). Approximately 95% of participants indicated chemotherapy calendar creation software that improved ease and efficiency would be moderately to extremely useful. Future efforts should focus on co-design of an efficient and effective chemotherapy calendar by engaging with nursing and advanced practice providers along with caregivers of children with cancer.

Valuing cultural public goods in times of pandemic: What happened to the libraries?

Libraries are one of the most representative institutions of cultural heritage in that they are charged with safeguarding information, fostering knowledge and activating memory. Over the years, they have widened the scope of their functions to also become cultural centres geared towards dissemination and cultural creation, in addition to playing an ever more important role in terms of social interaction and inclusion. This paper seeks to estimate the economic and social value that people assign to public libraries in the city of Medellin (Colombia) which, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, were forced to temporarily halt their onsite services. The contingent valuation method was used, based on a virtual questionnaire aimed at users and non-users in order to estimate the potential value of the direct and passive use of libraries during the pandemic. In addition, certainty analysis was applied to evaluate the trend of stated contributions as reporting reliability increases. Relevant and significant positive willingness to pay was found, and was seen to be greater amongst users who were most sure of their valuations, whilst payments remained stable in the certainty range of non-users. The results highlight the key role played by libraries as local public goods, even during a pandemic and therefore, their function as a basic cultural service as well as of drivers of inclusion and urban change.

Struggles for recognitional justice through payments for ecosystem services contracts in Ecuador’s Andes

Programs based upon payments for ecosystem services may carry pervasive attitudes, ideas, and language that confront pre-existing institutional arrangements for land management and local concepts of socio-environmental relationships. Through an empirical case study of a water trust fund payments for ecosystem services model in the Ecuadorian Andes, this research examines contracts as an important component of conservation incentive projects that can reveal contention over the representation of human-environment relationships and environmental governance institutions. The study highlights how neoliberal visions of environmental management are challenged and reworked by communities in an effort to gain justice through recognition and visibility for pre-existing collective land management practices. While this analysis demonstrates how underlying neoliberal assumptions about socioenvironmental relationships may inform water trust fund conservation interventions, it also shows the role of local agency in co-constituting landscape management outcomes and underscore the unevenness of neoliberalism present in the various components of a payments for ecosystem services model operating at different sites and scales.

Insani’s Human Resource Management in Transforming Private Islamic Universities in Jambi

The goal of this study is to create a representation of several tertiary institutions that are capable of significant transformations. The findings of this field research: 1) Management policies in preparing Insani’s Human Resources (SDI) for the transformation agenda at IAI Muhammad Azim with a focus on HR readiness policies and academic governance policies. The Governance Policy at IAI YASNI applies the principles of Insani’s Human Resource Management (MSDI), namely: shura, musyarakah, al-ujrah, and obedience to leaders, 2) The process of transformation through the practice of MSDI in Private Higher Education IAIMA and IAI YASNI is divided into the process of administrative transition and the process of building a transformative work culture and MSDI, 3) The dynamics in the Implementation of the Transformation Agenda at Private Higher Education in Jambi province run dynamically and continuously through internalization of transformative values and strategic planning and capacity building of higher education SDI, 4) There are several barriers to IAI Muhammad Azim’s transformation program, including a lack of commitment to the organization, a dearth of qualified human resources (tridharma and education and training), acclimatization to new technologies and cultural norms, and opposition to internal change. The following factors are preventing IAI Yasni from implementing its change agenda: compensation restrictions, sincerity, resistance, and conflict of interest between administrators, 5) The accomplishments of the transformation agenda that IAI Muhammad Azim can produce, specifically: adjustments to a new work culture, adjustments to human resources from an Islamic values perspective, and institutional adjustments. A new integrated digitalization-based work culture, quality-based tridharma education, and the construction of a new work culture based on competence and sincerity are all part of IAI Yasni’s transformation plan, and 6) Kopertais as a facilitator and institution that fosters and has internal performance, namely assisting universities in preparing material for changes in status transfer.

Constitutionalism, populism, and the imaginary of the authentic polity: a socio‐legal analysis of European public spheres and constitutional demoicratization

AbstractThe sociology of constitutionalism emphasizes the duality of constitutions as both power limitations and power enhancements. Following the socio‐legal perspective, this article focuses on the constitutional imaginary of the public sphere and distinguishes it from the imaginary of the authentic polity, in which the constituent power of the people is protected against the corrupting effect of representative institutions and technocratic bodies. The promise of authenticity is behind the recent resurgence of populism and the constitution of what Zygmunt Bauman describes as ‘explosive communities’. The final part of the article focuses on the transnational politics and law of the European Union (EU) and discusses its possible responses to the imaginaries of constitutional populism – most notably, the emergence of European public spheres and demoicracy. Without the constitutional imaginaries of an anti‐explosive transnational and democratically constituted community, further enhancement of the power of EU institutions will always lead to populist backlash at the national and local levels of its member states.

Free prior informed consent in the extractive industry: Approaches to involving Indigenous peoples in decision-making in Russia

Free prior informed consent is a principle for consulting, cooperating, and obtaining consent from Indigenous peoples through their representative institutions on matters affecting them. It is promoted by the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which calls on nations to strengthen the civil, political, and economic rights of Indigenous peoples by securing their rights to land, minerals, and other natural resources. Extractive companies have been developing policies to address Indigenous peoples' concerns as part of legal compliance and voluntary actions under corporate social responsibility. The lives and cultural heritage of Indigenous peoples are continuously affected by operations of extractive industries. This is notable in the Circumpolar North, where Indigenous peoples have developed sustainable resource use practices in fragile natural environments. In this paper, we examine corporate social responsibility approaches to implementing free prior informed consent in Russia. We investigate how public and civil institutions influence the policies of extractive companies and their impact on Indigenous peoples’ self-determination and participation in decision-making.

American Public Opinion and the Modern Supreme Court, 1930–2020: A Representative Institution by Thomas R. Marshall

American Public Opinion and the Modern Supreme Court, 1930–2020: A Representative Institution <i>by Thomas R. Marshall</i>

THE DOCTRINE OF STATE AND LAW IN THE IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL DOCTRINE OF CLASSICAL CONSERVATISM

This research paper explicates the basic doctrines of the State and law of classical conservatism, as well as the peculiarities of understanding and existence of the idea of the State, which follows from the conservative definition of the State. The characteristic components of this political institution are the categories of law, legal consciousness, political integrity, etc. The perception of understanding the conservative theory of the origin of the state, based on the social contract theory, as a logical continuation of the organic association of people to maintain social order and political stability, is crystallising. The latter principles are also the fundamental axiological determinants of the conservative ideological and political doctrine, whose manifestor and defender is the state. The author characterises the concepts of law and law, the conceptual basis of which is reduced to the moral sphere of existence. The main objective of the existence of laws is to protect rights and freedoms, as well as their institutional representation. At the same time, the author defines the peculiarities of understanding legal consciousness and political consciousness as fundamental elements of state-building processes. In turn, their fundamental features are historical and geographical locality, identity and conceptual authenticity, which are the basis for the constitution of heterogeneous forms of political systems. The tasks and structural elements of the theory of state in the ideological and political doctrine of conservatism are analysed. The author also identifies the institutional elements of social limitation of state power in the context of conservative doctrine, which include the church and civil society.