Modes Of Representation Research Articles

Remarks on the Poetics of Leopoldo Marechal

Upon reading Adam Buenosayres, by Leopoldo Marechal, various metapoetic reflections can be found on the essence of poetry, inspiration, the mode of literary representation. However, some sections provide a greater condensation of these reflections. A hermeneutical analysis is presented of two sections of this book in which Marechal’s poetry is explained with clarity, order and condensation: the «Prólogo indispensable» and the episode of Ciro Bower (chapter I, book IV). In addition, the «Claves del Adán Buenosayres» are reviewed. This analysis is completed with comments about Marechal’s poetry taken from specialized literature.

Research on Modeling of China’s Current Mathematics Textbooks in Grade 3 to 6

Mathematical modeling plays an important role in improving students’ interests and attitudes in reasoning, communicating and solving problems. In order to understand modeling in the popular mathematics textbooks for primary schools in China, this study developed a modeling framework for K-12 mathematics textbooks, and used content analysis method to analyze China’s current textbooks of primary mathematics in grades 3 to 6. The results showed that the samples follow a gradual development principle in terms of “content level,”“appearing location,” and “representation mode,” but the scientificity of model content level needs to be enhanced. In the four stages of modeling, the contents for cultivating students’ high-order thinking ability need to be further enriched. It is also suggested that more mathematical background knowledge should be covered in future textbook compilations.

Translating Difference: Reflections on the Interface between Novelistic Discourse and World Literature

The present essay examines two moments from the evolution of the modern Malayalam novel, in relation to the reception of two classics in world literature, namely Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables translated into Malayalam between 1925 and 1927 and García Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude translated in 1984. The translation of Hugo’s novel energized the scene of Malayalam fiction by infusing new modes of representation and widening the intellectual horizons of writers in general, and novelists in particular. The echoes of Les Misérables could be heard in Malayalam fiction well into the 1950s. The struggles against colonial and feudal authorities in Kerala, provided a fertile context for the imaginative interpretation of Hugo’s humanist vision. The paper illustrates this point through close readings of critical essays, autobiographical narratives and debates on the nature of translation. The fascination of Malayali readers with García Márquez has resulted in the translation of his entire corpus into Malayalam. Magic realism as pioneered by García Márquez liberated the Malayalam novelistic narrative from social realist and modernist dogmas. The colonial disruption of oral narratives, the consequent cultural amnesia and the struggle to reclaim one’s forgotten past are themes that struck a chord in Malayalam writers of fiction. Through a detailed discussion of the novel, Moustache by S. Hareesh, the interface between novelistic discourse and world literature is mapped in the latter part of the essay.

Trauma and Literature: The Case of Christopher Smart

Abstract: This essay explores how Jubilate Agno responds to a situation analogous to trauma and mania—although its coordinates are as much historical and linguistic as psychological—in which poetic self-presentation is so thwarted as to verge on aphasia. Smart's poem circumvents social and other curtailments of speech by finding undeveloped expressive powers in language and the semiotic process: a mode of representation that Smart called "sound reasoning." Hartman traces this sound reasoning through key sequences on language in Jubilate Agno , showing how it turns coprolalia and other dysphemic utterances into euphasia, or perpetual praising. His argument locates Smart's breakthrough in relation to eighteenth-century and more recent literary and critical developments, especially thought about linguistic "purity."

Aging, femininity and class: reimagining the ‘halmeoni’ in contemporary South Korean cinema

ABSTRACT This article explores the representation of elderly women, termed ‘halmeoni’ in Korean, in contemporary South Korean films to discover traces of departure from previous modes of representation of aging femininity on screen. The discussed films feature elderly female characters onto whom the persisting double standard of aging between men and women is projected. Additionally, the films convey the harsh realities faced by these female characters, reflecting socio-cultural anxieties surrounding the increasing social concerns about aging underclass single women in Korea’s context. Prompted by the global recognition of Korean actress Youn Yuh-jung in her 70s, the article calls for a re-evaluation of the portrayal of the ‘halmeoni’ in Korean cinema, with the conviction that this imperative may extend beyond the confines of Korean media. The interpretation of the five films—three of which feature Youn as an aging underclass woman—seeks to mediate feminist discourses critiquing age-related marginalization in cultural representation as a universally gendered issue while highlighting the specific historical and cultural underpinnings for aging femininity found in the onscreen Korean ‘halmeoni.’ Through a close analysis of the elderly female characters, the article urges critical engagement with new modalities of representing aging femininity.

Creating Accessible Chemistry Content for Students with Disabilities: Findings from Schools Providing Inclusive Education in Indonesia

The trend of students with disabilities attending secondary schools providing inclusive education in Indonesia is rising. This trend requires teachers as a key person to offer learning that suits the needs and abilities of each student, including those with disabilities. This research portrays how chemistry teachers provided alternative modes of representation as one of the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Three teacher participants from three schools providing inclusive education (SPIE) in the Special Province of Yogyakarta were recruited purposively and agreed to be interviewed on how they varied the chemistry content format. A descriptive method was used and directed content analysis was applied to analyze the data. The findings demonstrated that chemistry learning content were created more accessible for students with disabilities. Three chemistry teacher participants demonstrated that they implemented the principle of Multiple Means of Representation of UDL in a simple manner. The participants created learning objectives without modifying them to suit the student’s abilities. Learning content was offered in various ways and delivered with some strategies. Chemistry teacher participants demonstrated how they provided various assessments to gain students with disabilities opportunities to show their understanding.

Mapping the Memory of Armed Conflict through Cancer in Gabriela Ybarra’s El comensal and Héctor Abad Faciolince’s El olvido que seremos

This study examines how Spanish author Gabriela Ybarra and Colombian Héctor Abad Faciolince tackle the parallel deaths of family members due to cancer and to the violence of armed conflict in their autobiographical novels El comensal (Spain, 2015) and El olvido que seremos (Colombia, 2006), respectively. Looking beyond the trope of cancer as metaphor, Ybarra and Abad Faciolince employ medical language to articulate the intergenerational mysteries surrounding instances of untimely death within their families. Cancer, thus, moves beyond a metaphor for violence and destruction, becoming a mode of representation for studying and articulating the unknown.

Decline of a national icon: Derogatory representations of the Romanian peasant in recent television programs

Intellectuals and artists have been crafting an image of the Romanian peasant as the building block of the nation since the second half of the 19th century. The process went hand in hand with the modernization of the elites, and the peasant was thus mainly ‘discovered’ within the cultural framework of Romanticism, as the ‘eternal autochthon’ (Mihăilescu,2017, p.173), creator of the specific Kultur of the Romanian people. However, dramatic social transformations such as the difficult transition period of the ʹ90s have shifted the focus from a complimentary representation of the peasant as the national foundation – and all the positive characteristics of his/her habitus in terms of material, spiritual and aesthetic values– to a rather alienated and anachronistic figure coming across as a burden that has to be carried into modernity by the enlightened social strata. This paper uses visual analysis, grounded in Barthesian semiotics, to explore the changes in modes of representation of the peasant in popular media from the depository of national values to a marginal lower class, striving to keep up with the urban lifestyle. Various portrayals of peasants in TV series and sketches, movies and memes point to the degradation of the peasant figure in the public imagination. Images of poverty, bad taste and a lack of hygiene seem to pollute the bodies, garments and home environments of the rural characters, with a toxic effect on their language and behaviour as well. Although there have always been derogatory images of the peasants in the discourse of the elites (Mihăilescu also coined the term ‘domestic primitive’ for the representation associated with the historical tendency to portray the peasants as a backward population incapable of progress), in recent times this tendency has prevailed, especially with the rural-themed successful TV series Las Fierbinți, for mainly ideological reasons which will be discussed. Thus, apart from deconstructing a national myth, I argue that the representation of contemporary peasants and their degenerating habitus also contributes to the polarization in the Romanian society.

Allegorical Representations of Tudor Princes

The problem of studying various types of allegorical discourses is topical. The current research devoted to allegories as a special device in the literary and pictorial art of sixteenth-century England is concerned with three different types of figurative mode of representation, their cognitive content, and their pragmatic effect. The poets, playwrights, and artists developed iconic representations of the Tudor monarchs by means of three forms of allegories: comparisons, impersonations, and personifications whose public aim was the consolidation of the dynastic power and hermeneutic interpretation of abstract concepts which made up the core of Tudor cosmology. The study provides an integrated approach to the allegorical paradigm as the totality of all means (textual and visual) expressing the same conceptual theme. The analysis has a strictly historical character and is put in the context of contemporary events and prevailing philosophical views. The corpus of literary material is discussed in rhetorical and ideological terms, Keywords: allegorical comparisons, impersonations, personifications, Moon culture.

Serving Society: "Drama +" as an Innovative Path for Drama Education in University

With the Ministry of Education's emphasis on aesthetic education and the increasing prominence of theatre as a discipline, it is increasingly important for colleges and universities to explore and practice theatre aesthetic education. Based on the model of "Drama+", this thesis explores the innovative path of multidisciplinary integration teaching mode of theatre as the core for theatre aesthetic education in colleges and universities. Through an in-depth study of the construction and practice path of "Drama+" group in Changchun College of Humanities in Jilin Province, this theists aims to provide feasible theoretical guidance and practical reference for theatre aesthetic education in colleges and universities.

Rock engravings marking the Redan landscape in Gauteng, South Africa

The ontological1 and epistemological2 foundations of reality, myths, beliefs, and practices in ritual behaviour have long been studied by scholars around the globe. There is no single understanding and representation of reality, as all that is real or existent within the universe is historically shaped by interdependent cultural and social processes and fear factors. Although the study of rock art is primary a branch of archaeology, cultural history also focuses on a past time and place, to study beliefs and ideas from a bottom-up approach and include the objects and experiences (sometimes unwritten) of the everyday life of the uneducated and less privileged. It is particularly well equipped to offer an understanding of the San myths, beliefs, ritual practices, and modes of representation of reality, as represented in their rock art. The Redan open-air rock engraving site is located on the Kookfontein farm, near the former Klip power station at Redan, close to a wetland that was formerly a rivulet that founded its way to the Klip River, a tributary of the Vaal River. The Klip-Vaal area is situated in the southern part of Gauteng, South Africa. Being part of the Late Stone Age hunting, domestic and ritual sites of the San people and later migrants it contains numerous documented and undocumented rock art sites. In line with interpretivism, the methodology is based on published and unpublished literature, as well as several on-site inspections of the site between 2002 and 2022. Authorship of the engravings at the Redan site is unconfirmed, although two dominant views regarding the cultural origin have emerged, namely a San hunter-gatherer shamanistic approach and the Koranna-Khoekhoen initiation site hypothesis.Contribution: The article contributes to the neglected historiography of the rock engravings in the Klip-Vaal region, in particular the Redan site, and the need to facilitate a comparison with similar rock engravings in southern Africa.

Participant attrition from statewide, population-based Survey of the Health of Wisconsin into the longitudinal SHOW COVID-19 cohort

PurposeLongitudinal studies are essential for examining how social and institutional determinants of health, historical and contemporary, affect disparities in COVID-19 related outcomes. The unequal impacts of COVID-19 likely exacerbated selected attrition in longitudinal research. This study examines attrition and survey mode effects in the SHOW COVID-19 study which recruited from a statewide, representative cohort. Materials & methodsParticipants were recruited from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin (SHOW) cohort. Online surveys, or phone interviews, were administered at three timepoints during 2020–2021. The surveys captured social, behavioral, and structural determinants of health and the lived experience. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to examine predictors of participation and survey mode effects. ResultsA total of 2304 adults completed at least one COVID-19 online survey. Participants were more educated, older, and more likely to be female, married, non-Hispanic, and White compared to non-participants. Phone participants were older, less educated, and more likely be non-White, food insecure, and have co-morbidities compared to online participants. Mode effects were seen with reporting COVID-19 beliefs, loneliness, and anxiety. ConclusionThe SHOW COVID-19 cohort offers unique longitudinal data but suffered from selected attrition. Phone interview is an important mode for retention and representation.

Photography and Destination Image: An Analysis of China Eastern Airline Facebook Photographs

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study is to explore the projected destination image represented by photographs emerging in social media from a potential DMO member. The official page of China Eastern Airlines on Facebook (@CEAir) was selected as a case study, in which a total of 40 photographs were collected and classified into five groups according to their themes. To identify the destination image of China, five groups of photographs were analyzed by using visual analysis, semiotic analysis, and multimodal discourse analysis. The main findings show that Chinese food, architecture, natural landscape, people, and ethnic minorities are common signs engaging in constructing the destination image of China. These photographs mainly adopted wide shots and brilliant color tones, which convey to overseas tourists that China is a great power with a long history, full of charm, and a contributor to global development. More importantly, not only landscape photography but also still life photography, candid photography, and travel photography are all considered to be modes of representation of the destination image. Different genres of photography employ Chinese culture as a special gaze to shape the destination image.

Analyzing the Multimodal Discourse of the Tenth Grade English Work in Progress Textbook

The most widely utilized educational tool across all grade levels is the textbook. Visual images are just one of the many crucial elements in a textbook. Textbook images serve a crucial purpose to improve students' learning and comprehension as they aid in the implementation and visualization of abstract or difficult ideas. Understanding multimodality is necessary in order to understand the meaning of an image. Thus, multimodal discourse analysis (MDA) is the most suitable approach for this research because it will evaluate parts of visual image elements in full detail. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of certain English textbooks are most dominant and how visual pictures might be represented using multimodal discourse. The framework for this qualitative study is multimodal discourse analysis. visual data was taken from the question sheets from chapters 1 through 6 of the English Work In Progress textbook for the tenth grade Merdeka curriculum. Kress and Van Leeuwen used visual grammar analysis to analyze visual data. The analysis conducted by the research found that every image on the question sheet matched the text provided, either as an instruction or a question. The images were made in a style that is typically used by high school students and were highly detailed. and provide information to help students develop critical and creative thinking. To help students in understanding the questions, the majority of the images are placed below the informative text. According to Kress and Van Leeuwen's theory of visual grammar analysis, in the representational mode the most dominant is the male subject or human image which accounts for 50% of the images in the textbook. In the interactive mode, the most dominant is medium shot and full color saturation with 19% and the last most dominant compositional mode is informative with 39%.

Introduction: digital participatory biodiversity science

ABSTRACT This introduction presents the context in which digital participatory biodiversity science has developed. After describing its basic operating model and how it is affecting scientific practice, the text suggests that a science and technology studies perspective may shed light on some of the issues raised by new ways of doing biodiversity science. It highlights issues of authority and expertise, different modes of representation and visibility, and the importance of infrastructure. Finally, the introduction briefly describes each of the four papers in the special section and draws parallels among them. Digital technologies blur previous clear-cut dichotomies between producers and users of data and reconfigure the distribution of agency among living beings and technologies. They connect local practices and achievements of biodiversity monitoring with extended outcomes, produced by the transposition, and adaptation of practices or the interoperability of data in larger infrastructures.

Historical figures on Instagram: A typology of themes and modes of representation

Following the notion that a greater variety of actors can engage in practices of memory work, the aim of our study is to understand how the polyphony of memory evolves in social media networks. We thus conducted an explorative study of accounts for historical figures on Instagram. The accounts were analysed regarding their thematic accentuations, the kind of material employed and presented, the level of professionalism and the social media authenticity they exuded. The result of the study is a typology of accounts for historical personalities on Instagram. We can distinguish between the following six types: virtual exhibition, social media autobiography, artist’s portfolio, inspirational quotes, iconic figure and meme.

CARTOONS AND THE AUTOCRATIC CREEDS OF THE CULTURE INDUSTRY: VIOLENT AFFECTS AND EFFECTS IN CHILDREN’S ENTERTAINMENT

This paper asserts that operations and patterns of violence are present in Hanna-Barbera’s Tom and Jerry, Butch Hartman’s The Fairly Oddparents, Thomas Edward Warburton’s Codename: Kids Next Door, and John Kricfalusi’s Ren and Stimpy. Cartoons are meant to be enjoyed by children. However, the incorporation of violence in cartoons can leave imprints in the impressionable minds of the children. With the media and reception of the children's audience in the foreground, the notion of false happiness can be deduced as the comedic and entertaining modes of representation in the cartoons do not just make the audience laugh but can also possibly penetrate their attitudes and behaviors. The cartoons and their violent features can be a springboard to engage media effects which can include aggression, agenda-building, and cultivation. As a framework, the discourses on violence and false happiness are supported by the critical claims of Adorno and Horkheimer on the culture industry and offshoots of immersing oneself in television. The analysis of the cartoons presented a typology of violence affirming that organized entertainment becomes synonymous with the displays of organized violence. These include blatant and forceful physical violence, subtle familial violence, violence of structural differences and tensions, and the aestheticization of violence.

(Un)muzzled: Dogs in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Fiction

ABSTRACT This article considers the relationship between dogs as fictional constructs and the shifting dynamics of the novel form in the mid-nineteenth century in order to account more fully for their particular importance to realist writing. In revisiting three canonical novels associated with the realist tradition, Charles Dickens’s Dombey and Son (1848), Charlotte Brontë’s Villette (1853), and George Eliot’s Adam Bede (1859), it demonstrates the ways in which writers regularly rely on dogs in depicting moments of deep personal and interpersonal conflict. Where most previous analyses of animals in Victorian fiction have tended to treat them as minor characters within their respective human narratives, this article is attuned to the affective functions of the domestic dog in contexts that exceed mere verisimilitude, exploring the significance of the connection between the dog’s textual body and the intense experience of grief, sexual desire, and anger respectively. I argue that the dog’s simultaneously narrative and extra-narrative position in the emergent realist novel reflects the genre’s larger formal tensions, generated by the representation of excess affects. These tensions are closely linked to the novel’s primary mode of representation: language. I conclude that it is the dog’s extralinguistic presence, predicated on its inability to encode affect in language, that marks it as the ideal, if increasingly unstable, nexus of powerful, unprocessed emotion in the mid-nineteenth-century novel.

From Orientalism to neo-Orientalism: medial representations of Islam and the Muslim world

ABSTRACT The debate on Orientalist representations of Islam and/or Muslims has been rampant in academic literature since Edward Said’s publication of his seminal work Orientalism (1978). The articulation of this discourse however has transformed in due course. It has manifested into its new variant ‘neo-Orientalism’, which has gained prominence in the post-9/11 era. In this paper, I discuss the transition from Orientalism to neo-Orientalism, and argue that this new mode of representation does not exclusively result from the 9/11 events and the subsequent War on Terror, but also from the portrayals of Muslims in the last quarter of the twentieth century. These portrayals, disseminated with great intensity by people in the media, journalists, politicians, and Orientalist academics, as well as in literary and cultural productions, continue to reify narratives about Islam and Muslim societies. This paper concludes with the dynamics Orientalism holds and reveals the role authors of the Middle East and South Asia play in disseminating neo-Orientalist discourses with the often-detrimental effect of catering to and promoting modern-day Islamophobia in contemporary Western societies. This is briefly illustrated on the examples of Nadeem Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lovers (2004), Qaisra Shahraz’s The Holy Woman (2001), and Uzma Aslam Khan’s Trespassing (2003).

A narrative of women and war: The Finnish silent era film ‘On the warpath’

This article discusses the film Sotapolulla (‘On the warpath’) (1922), a pioneering work in the early years of Finnish cinema. By highlighting the role that women played during the Finnish Civil War (1918), scriptwriter and director Teuvo Pakkala, a well-known conservative writer, created a model of femininity for the post-war period. The construction of the female characters accords with the standards of femininity in Hollywood silent film, which featured strong, assertive women committed to the social order. Thus Pakkala’s film in significant ways follows the classical model that Noël Burch identifies as an institutional mode of representation.