Terminological Representation Research Articles

Representation of Social Determinants of Health terminology in medical subject headings: impact of added terms.

To enhance and evaluate the quality of PubMed search results for Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) through the addition of new SDoH terms to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). High priority SDoH terms and definitions were collated from authoritative sources, curated based on publication frequencies, and refined by subject matter experts. Descriptive analyses were used to investigate how PubMed search details and best match results were affected by the addition of SDoH concepts to MeSH. Three information retrieval metrics (Precision, Recall, and F measure) were used to quantitatively assess the accuracy of PubMed search results. Pre- and post-update documents were clustered into topic areas using a Natural Language Processing pipeline, and SDoH relevancy assessed. Addition of 35 SDoH terms to MeSH resulted in more accurate algorithmic translations of search terms and more reliable best match results. The Precision, Recall, and F measures of post-update results were significantly higher than those of pre-update results. The percentage of retrieved publications belonging to SDoH clusters was significantly greater in the post- than pre-update searches. This evaluation confirms that inclusion of new SDoH terms in MeSH can lead to qualitative and quantitative enhancements in PubMed search retrievals. It demonstrates the methodology for and impact of suggesting new terms for MeSH indexing. It provides a foundation for future efforts across behavioral and social science research (BSSR) domains. Improving the representation of BSSR terminology in MeSH can improve PubMed search results, thereby enhancing the ability of investigators and clinicians to build and utilize a cumulative BSSR knowledge base.

ACORN SDOH survey: Terminological representation for use with NLP and CDS.

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) greatly influence health outcomes. SDOH surveys, such as the Assessing Circumstances & Offering Resources for Needs (ACORN) survey, have been developed to screen for SDOH in Veterans. The purpose of this study is to determine the terminological representation of the ACORN survey, to aid in natural language processing (NLP). Each ACORN survey question was read to determine its concepts. Next, Solor was searched for each of the concepts and for the appropriate attributes. If no attributes or concepts existed, they were proposed. Then, each question's concepts and attributes were arranged into subject-relation-object triples. Eleven unique attributes and 18 unique concepts were proposed. These results demonstrate a gap in representing SDOH with terminologies. We believe that using these new concepts and relations will improve NLP, and thus, the care provided to Veterans.

Репрезентация военного термина и его переводных эквивалентов в англо-русских онлайн-словарях

The study aims to identify the potential of English-Russian dictionaries in the selection of translation equivalents as exemplified by the English military terms used to denote the main types of weapons and military vehicles. The authors refine U Heid’s algorithm of access to an e-dictionary and apply it to the analysis of three online translation dictionaries (Cambridge Dictionary, Multitran and Lingvo Live) in the situation of selecting translation equivalents to the military terms that denote main types of weapons and military equipment used by the US and NATO armed forces. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors for the first time conduct a comparative analysis of online dictionaries in the situation of selecting a translation equivalent to a special (military) term. As a result of analysing the representation of military terminology in English-Russian online dictionaries, the authors prove that Multitran is superior to Lingvo Live and the Cambridge Dictionary in the selection of translation equivalents to military terms, substantiate the importance of a user’s participation in the process of expanding and editing an online dictionary corpus, reveal drawbacks of online dictionaries and provide practical recommendations for the optimisation of an e-dictionary.

Representation of Environmental Concepts Associated with Health Impacts in Computer Standardized Clinical Terminologies.

To evaluate the representation of environmental concepts associated with health impacts in standardized clinical terminologies. This study used a descriptive approach with methods informed by a procedural framework for standardized clinical terminology mapping. The United Nations Global Indicator Framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and Targets was used as the source document for concept extraction. The target terminologies were the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) and the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). Manual and automated mapping methods were utilized. The lists of candidate matches were reviewed and iterated until a final mapping match list was achieved. A total of 119 concepts with 133 mapping matches were added to the final SNOMED CT list. Fifty-three (39.8%) were direct matches, 37 (27.8%) were narrower than matches, 35 (26.3%) were broader than matches, and 8 (6%) had no matches. A total of 26 concepts with 27 matches were added to the final ICNP list. Eight (29.6%) were direct matches, 4 (14.8%) were narrower than, 7 (25.9%) were broader than, and 8 (29.6%) were no matches. Following this evaluation, both strengths and gaps were identified. Gaps in terminology representation included concepts related to cost expenditures, affordability, community engagement, water, air and sanitation. The inclusion of these concepts is necessary to advance the clinical reporting of these environmental and sustainability indicators. As environmental concepts encoded in standardized terminologies expand, additional insights into data and health conditions, research, education, and policy-level decision-making will be identified.

Формирование нового экономического сознания в современном российском обществе

The article examines the phenomenon of the new economic consciousness formation in the modern conditions of Russia’s existence. The terminological representation of this concept in economic science is analyzed. The paper reveals the features of the emergence of a new Russian consciousness in the context of the continuing impact on the economy of our country of multilevel international sanctions imposed by Western countries. Available economic science methods and theoretical approaches to the interpretation and understanding of economic consciousness are analyzed. The forms of new economic consciousness, the principles that affect its ideological limitations, as well as the importance in social life within the framework of various social interactions are studied. The peculiarities of practical representations of new economic consciousness in line with the rapidly changing situation in the national economy of modern Russia are revealed. The work interprets the significance of global economic processes that affect the transformation of human and social consciousness in terms of sanctions influence on the modern Russian economy.

Enriching Knowledge Representation of Terminology

Whereas a number of studies have been conducted towards representing knowledge linked with terms, terminological knowledge still demands further exploration due to its diversity and intricacy. Although much recent cognitive terminological research has examined either frames or event structures based on specialized contexts and hence has helped improve the clarification of relevant knowledge representation, other types of knowledge structures tied to terms like metaphoric and metonymic structures as well as conceptual blending processes of terms have not yet been adequately investigated. In view of this gap, we put forward a cognitive integrated model (CIM), attempting to integrate cognitive structures and construction of terms in a holistic manner. In this study, we mainly center on integration of the decontextualized part: the adapted (ECM1), conceptual metaphor (CM1), conceptual metonymy (CM2), and conceptual blending (CB1) in light of terminological definitions without context, acting as offline knowledge of terms. Integration of the contextualized part is briefly discussed, merely about the adjusted ECM within context (ECM2) as online knowledge. The tentative incorporation of both offline and online knowledge of terms derives at least five particular variants of the CIM: ECM1+ECM2, ECM1+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM1+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM2+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM1+CM2+CB1+ECM2. Accordingly, both definition-based and usage-based methods are exploited, respectively backed up by dictionaries or professional works and corpora, etc. We subsequently apply the five variants to representing Event-Domain Cognitive Model knowledge of international trade terms previously seldom explored in terminology. It turns out that the cognitive integrated perspective contributes to enriching knowledge representation of the terms by exposing diverse knowledge structures and conceptual construction.

Современная лексикография, дополненная лингвистическая реальность и проблемы терминографии

The paper shows that rapidly developing digital technologies radically transform con-temporary lexicography and its principles in representing linguistic information, particularly for various intellectual systems and applications. New active trends in the evolution of lexi-cography and in the compiling and functioning of innovative lexicographic resources are re-vealed. Particular attention is paid to a most urgent problem within contemporary cross-linguistic scientific communication — the lexicographic representation of modern terminolo-gy, which is stimulated by digital technologies, acquires fundamentally new properties and becomes more dynamic, multiword, compositional, context-aware, cross-disciplinary, etc.

Проектирование терминологического учебного словаря таможенной сферы: корпусный подход

The article discusses the principles of designing of a multilingual educational terminological dictionary in the customs sphere for the Russian-Belarusian-Kazakh-Kirghiz-Armenian language pairs. The dictionary is planned in electronic format and is intended for the University of Tyumen’s students majoring in Customs. A review of the existing dictionaries of the customs subject area is made. The prerequisites for compiling such a dictionary are analyzed: both in the professional customs domain and from a linguistic point of view. The thematic criteria for determining the boundaries of the discourse of the named subject area are described, the principles of modeling the elements of discourse are listed. The corpus-based study (AntConc, SketchEngine) describes the qualitative and quantitative principles of determining the coverage of discourse, algorithms for the formation of the general population and the sample size, the selection of relevant terminological units for the dictionary. Lexicographic work involves the consideration of different types of sources: (a) official documents (standards, program documents of the EAEU, regulatory legal acts, agreements on international treaties, protocols of meetings of the Eurasian Intergovernmental Council); (b) official websites of the customs services of Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan; (c) scientific/educational texts (summary monographs, articles in relevant specialized journals, new research in the field of customs studies); (d) dictionaries and encyclopedias. Each term has been selected on the basis of importance and usage within an area of the customs sphere. This dictionary will include various types of information: multilingual equivalents of terms, references to synonyms, antonyms, hypohyperonyms, and abbreviations. An ideographic dictionary - built using the corpus approach - will allow (a) analysing and structuring key concepts and trends in a simplified form using equivalents, pointers and links that reflect the subject area of the customs sphere; (b) collecting the minimum number of terminological units of real usage that are most effective in professional communication. (c) solving the problems posed by the different lexicalization of the same concepts in different languages. Quantitative and systemic criteria were used for this purpose. The learner’s dictionary can help students to understand and translate terminological texts, perform more effectively in a multilingual workplace, and advance knowledge in professional communication. The results can be applied not only to terminology representation, but also to terminography, documentation and translation. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

Доля английского профессионального подъязыка в текстах учебных материалов для студентов строительных специальностей

This applied study aims to analyse representation of the English-language professional terminology in educational texts for construction specialities students. Scientific originality of the paper lies in the fact that terminological richness of educational texts is evaluated using digital data processing techniques. The conclusion is made about insufficient representation of professional terminology in the analysed texts. Ways to improve quantitative and qualitative content of educational materials are outlined.

TOWARDS SEMANTIC NETWORK OF PHILOSOPHY TERMINOLOGIES FOR LEARNING IN UNIVERSITY IN VIETNAM

<p>Semantic network is so far an effective way for knowledge representation, especially if the matter deals with complexity of terminologies and concepts, which are not standalone, but connected by various relations. One among these fields of knowledge is philosophy, and one fact that the study students of university always face with difficulties when address the system of terminologies and concepts of philosophy. In practice, various tools are using by teachers for helping students understand philosophy terminologies and concepts, i.e. using mindmap tools. In this paper, we suggest a use of semantic network as a tool for representation of key terminologies in philosophy of Marxism that have been teaching in Vietnamese universities. For this purpose, the authors of the paper carefully investigate all materials of appropriate learning; make a selection and classification for setting up of terminologies; build a semantic network of these terminologies for a conceptional model. An effort is providing to design one software system with semantic updating, selecting and representing. These results are under the project “Studying and building semantic network of concepts in philosophy discipline for teaching and researching activities” ID: QG.18.46, in a University of Social Sciences and Humanities of Hanoi National University.
 
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Evolution of the computer terminology representation

Evolution of the computer terminology representation

Ontology Based Metasearch Engine i n Electronics Area

Paper The goal of search engines is to return accurate and complete results. Satisfying concrete user information needs becomes more and more difficult because of inability in it complete explicit specification and short comes of keyword-based searching and indexing. General search engines have indexed millions of web resources and often return thousands of results to the user query (most of them often inadequate). To increase result’s precession, users sometimes choose search engines, specialized in searching concrete domain, personalized or semantic search. A grand variety of specialized search engines may be found (and used) in the internet, but no one may guarantee finding of existing in the web and needed for the concrete user resources. In this paper we present our research on building a meta-search engine that uses domain and user profile ontologies, as well as information (or metadata), directly extracted from web sites to improve search result quality. We state main requirements to the search engine for students, PHD students and scientists, propose a conceptual model and discuss approaches of it practical realization. Our prototype metasearch engine first perform interactive semantic query refinement and then, using refined query, it automatically generate several search queries, sends them to different digital libraries and web search engines, augments and ranks returned results, using ontologically represented domain and user metadata. For testing our model, we develop domain ontologies in the electronic domain. We will use ontological terminology representation to propose recommendations for query disambiguation, and to ensure knowledge for reranking the returned results. We also present some partial initial implementations query disambiguation strategies and testing results.

The prevalence of psychosocial related terminology in chiropractic program courses, chiropractic accreditation standards, and chiropractic examining board testing content in the United States

BackgroundSpine related disorders entail biological (somatic), psychological, and social factors. Though biological factors are often emphasized, psychosocial considerations may not be receiving proper attention in the chiropractic field. Chiropractors treat spine complaints and therefore should be trained in the full spectrum of the biopsychosocial model. This study examines the use of psychosocial related terminology in United States doctor of chiropractic program (DCP) curricula, the Council on Chiropractic Education (CCE) standards, and the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) test plans.MethodsNineteen academic course catalogs, CCE curricular standards and meta-competencies, and NBCE test plans were studied. Terms containing “psycho”, “soci”, “mental”, “econom”, “cultur”, “emotion”, “determinant”, “public”, “communit”, “neighbor”, “behav”, or “cognitive” were identified in each document. Frequency of use, context of use, thematic categorization, and percentage of use compared to overall content were calculated and described.Results‘Public’ is the most commonly used psychosocial related term in DCP curricula. ‘Determinant’ was used in 1 DCP curriculum. The number of courses with psychosocial related terminology in course titles and course descriptions ranged from 1 to 5 and 3 to 12, respectively. Most terms are found in clinical skills, special populations, and other miscellaneous courses, with fewer terms found in psychology and public health courses. Terminology use in course titles and descriptions compared to overall content ranges from 3.40 to 14.86%. CCE uses terminology 17 times across 5 (out of 8) total meta-competencies. NBCE includes terminology in test plans I and II, but not III or IV.ConclusionsDespite evidence suggesting the influential role of psychosocial factors in determinants of health and healthcare delivery, these factors are poorly reflected in United States DCP curricula. This underappreciation is further evidenced by the lack of representation of psychosocial terminology in NBCE parts III and IV test plans. The reasons for this are theoretical; lack of clarity or enforcement of CCE meta-competencies may contribute.

Conceptual relationships and their methodological representation in a dictionary of the terminological uses of lexical semantics

For several years, a research project focused on the study of terminological uses of lexical semantics has been developed. From this investigation, specifically, in the terminographical praxis of a dictionary of the terminological uses of lexical semantics, we are observing considerably more conceptual content than could be expected, as this is a lexicon of the technical uses of lexical semantics, rather than one of technicisms. This means that, starting from explanatory sub-indices, it is necessary to create as many terminological documents as there are different acceptions for each lexicographical entry. In this article, besides presenting the methodological procedure used for our explanatory model of terminological representation, as well as the terminological graphic interface, we will focus on the study of the conceptual relations existing in this specialized area. These will appear in a terminographic interface through nodes showing the type of relationship existing among terminological uses. Our main aim is to prove, by means of the analysis of a series of terminological units, how the different conceptual relationships constitute a relevant rule for linguistic behaviour in the identification and establishment of the various uses and sub-uses corresponding to each terminographical entry.

The Methodology for the Evaluation of Youth Economic Potential: Revealing the Resources for Regional Development

Among the goals of strategic development in Russia and its regions the main one to be mentioned refers to the task of reaching the trajectory of breakthrough economic growth on an innovative basis. Following this discussion, the goal of the paper is to formulate theoretical and methodological approaches, concepts and tools for assessing the condition and goal-oriented basis of the economic potential of young people as a strategic resource for the regional development.
 The research provides a conceptual and terminological representation of the multicomponent category ‘the economic potential of the youth of the region’. It also describes a conceptual model of its structural and functional composition and develops and verifies the methods of element-by-element assessment of their potential in the context of achieving tactical and strategic goals of regional development. Finally, the paper proposes the options or creating a roadmap in order to increase the economic activity of young people and a strategic map for the implementation of youth policy in the region from the standpoint of strategic goal-setting.

Формирование у студентов высших учебных заведений мотивации к занятиям физической культурой и спортом

This article is updated essential characteristic of human motivation and its terminological representation. We consider the motivation of students for training on physical training as a special kind of general motivation. Presents the means and methods of formation of motivational approach among students of higher educational institutions to the educational process on physical training and its further development and improvement.

Side by Side: The Use of Multiple Subject Languages in Capturing Shifting Contexts around Historical Collections

Archival representations strive to convey the original context around historical collections, but perspectives on certain topics and materials may change over time. Such shifting perspectives pose problems for providing appropriate subject access without obscuring contexts or misrepresenting resources in their broader cultural settings. This study seeks to examine these problems through an investigation of historical materials associated with American sideshows, public opinions on which changed drastically from the 19th to the 20th centuries. Using as a case the Ronald G. Becker Collection of Charles Eisenmann Photographs, an archival collection of digitized images of sideshow performers, we explored a variety of systems of subject representation for major concepts and terms relevant to sideshow performers and activities. Combining keyword extraction and descriptive analysis of current collection metadata (e.g., LCSH) with comparisons to other popular systems of subject representation, we found complex and conflicting perspectives on concepts such as dwarfism, hypertrichosis, and obesity. Results revealed that current LCSH-based subject metadata for these materials tends to reduce historical and demographic context around performers and highlight contemporary medical perspectives. At the same time, original language used in these images is now often seen as demeaning, exploitative, and offensive. Furthermore, neither of these perspectives may match with self-identifying language used in contemporary society. Taken together, however, these sets of terminologies and their relationships may provide a more robust representation of changing perceptions and terminologies over time. Findings from this study reveal the potentials of utilizing a faceted approach and multiple subject languages together to further clarify and contextualize archival collections.

Representation of Knowledge through Ontology for Swine Flu Disease in Semiarid Tropical Regions

The practice of using ontologies in medicine is mainly focussed on the representation and re-organization of medical terminologies. Physicians developed their own specialized languages and lexicons to help them store and communicate general medical knowledge and patient-related information efficiently. Such terminologies, optimized for human processing, are characterized by a substantial amount of implicit knowledge. Medical information systems, on the other hand, need to be able to communicate complex and detailed medical concepts unambiguously. This is noticeably a complex task and requires a intense analysis of the composition and concepts of medical terminologies. But it can be accomplished by fabricating medical domain ontologies for demonstrating medical terminology systems. Moreover, there are limited ontologies available in the domain of pulmonary diseases and as such tropical diseases like swine-flu(H1N1) are yet unexplored. Swine-flu is rapidly spreading disease and the information for it available from books, newspaper articles and internet which is unmanageable and unorganized. Therefore, in this paper, we propose to develop a medical ontology based information system for Swine-flu. We have implemented this system using Protege 4.1 Beta Software and then hosted it onto Apache Tomcat Server. The deployed version can be viewed in XML and RDF formats and DL query can be used where user can get answers to their queries when questioned. Finally, to evaluate the performance functional testing with Fact++ Reasoner is used with ontology browser.

Mentalna reprezentacja terminu – implikacje dla glottodydaktyki języków specjalistycznych

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest stworzenie modelu reprezentacji umysłowej terminu oraz sformułowanie implikowanych przezeń wskazówek dla nauczycieli języków specjalistycznych. W kolejnych częściach artykułu dokonano charakterystyki języków specjalistycznych, przytoczono definicje terminu, podjęto próbę ustalenia związku między terminem, znakiem językowym a przywoływaną przez niego reprezentacją mentalną (pojęcie, domena, matryca domen, system wiedzy).

An Approach for Learning Expressive Ontologies in Medical Domain.

The access to medical information (journals, blogs, web-pages, dictionaries, and texts) has been increased due to availability of many digital media. In particular, finding an appropriate structure that represents the information contained in texts is not a trivial task. One of the structures for modeling the knowledge are ontologies. An ontology refers to a conceptualization of a specific domain of knowledge. Ontologies are especially useful because they support the exchange and sharing of information as well as reasoning tasks. The usage of ontologies in medicine is mainly focussed in the representation and organization of medical terminologies. Ontology learning techniques have emerged as a set of techniques to get ontologies from unstructured information. This paper describes a new ontology learning approach that consists of a method for the acquisition of concepts and its corresponding taxonomic relations, where also axioms disjointWith and equivalentClass are learned from text without human intervention. The source of knowledge involves files about medical domain. Our approach is divided into two stages, the first part corresponds to discover hierarchical relations and the second part to the axiom extraction. Our automatic ontology learning approach shows better results compared against previous work, giving rise to more expressive ontologies.