Supersymmetry Theory Research Articles

Deconstructing squark contributions to di-Higgs production at the LHC

We present a novel approach to the study of di-Higgs production via gluon-gluon fusion at the LHC. The relevant Feynman diagrams involving two Standard Model-like Higgs bosons $hh$ are computed within a simplified model approach that enables one to interpret possible signals of new physics in a model-independent way as well as to map these onto specific theories. This is possible thanks to a decomposition of such a signal process into all its squared amplitudes and their relative interferences, each of which has a well-defined coupling structure. We illustrate the power of this procedure for the case of both a minimal and next-to-minimal representation of supersymmetry, for which the new physics effects are due to top squarks entering the loops of $gg\ensuremath{\rightarrow}hh$. The squarks yield both a change of the integrated cross section and peculiar kinematic features in its differential distributions with respect to the Standard Model. These effects can in turn be traced back to the relevant diagrammatic and coupling structures and allow for a detailed analysis of the process. In order to do so, we perform systematic scans of the parameter spaces of such new physics scenarios and identify benchmark points which exhibit potentially observable features during the current and upcoming runs of the LHC.

Constructing operator basis in supersymmetry: a Hilbert series approach

In this paper we introduce a Hilbert series approach to build the operator basis for a N = 1 supersymmetry theory with chiral superfields. We give explicitly the form of the corrections that remove redundancies due to the equations of motion and integration by parts. In addition, we derive the maps between the correction spaces. This technique allows us to calculate the number of independent operators involving chiral and antichiral superfields to arbitrarily high mass dimension. Using this method, we give several illustrative examples.

Embedding of the Georgi-Glashow SU(5) model in the superconformal algebra

We present a scheme to construct grand unified models based on the superconformal algebra and the inclusion of matter fields in the adjoint representation of supersymmetry. As an illustration, we implemented the Georgi-Glashow SU(5) model. The model predicts the existence of a dark (1,24, 0) + (5,5*, −y′) + (5*,5, y′) sector and an anomalous U(1)Z.

Quaternionic quantum mechanics for N\u2009=\u20091, 2, 4 supersymmetry

BackgroundQuaternions have emerged as powerful tools in higher-dimensional quantum mechanics as they provide homogeneous four-dimensional structure in quantum field theories, offer compact representations, and incorporate spin naturally. Quantum field theories then lead to the unification of fundamental interactions so the use of quaternion becomes necessary when we are dealing with higher-dimensional theories. On the other hand, supersymmetry is the theory of bosons and fermions and is an essential constituent of grand unified theories. The use of quaternion in supersymmetric field theories provides an excellent framework for higher-dimensional unification theories.ResultA complete theory for supersymmetric quaternionic quantum mechanics has been constructed for N = 1, 2, 4 supersymmetry in terms of one, two, and four supercharges and Hamiltonians, respectively. It has been shown that N = 4 SUSY is the quaternionic extension of the N = 2 complex SUSY and N = 1 real SUSY; also spin is the natural outcome of using quaternion units. Pauli and Dirac Hamiltonian and their relationship have also been obtained in quaternion space. It has been shown that quaternionic quantum mechanics are superior to ordinary and complex quantum mechanics because in the quaternion framework we do not need three different theories for N = 1,2,4 SQM but a single theory only.ConclusionsIt has been concluded that N = 1 real SUSY is equal to N = 2 complex SUSY which in turn is equal to N = 4 quaternion SUSY so one can arrive at higher-dimensional quantum field theories starting from lower-dimensional quantum theories. Higher-dimensional quaternion field theories are suitable for nonphotonic light cone particles which are not allowed in complex QFT, also noncommutative nature of quaternion gives an extra degree of freedom and may provide the possibility of some new particle, dark matter, or new phenomenon. Though quaternions provide an excellent framework in higher-dimensional field theories, there are certain challenges due to their noncommutativity as calculations become tedious where large terms are involved. Keeping in view the noble features of quaternion, we expect some development to get a better understanding of N = 8 supergravity, maximal supergravity (D = 11 − n), and maximal supersymmetry theories (N = 10) in terms of quaternion operators.

A note on exemplary off-shell constructions of 4D, mathcal{N} = 2 supersymmetry representations

We continue the search for rules that govern when off-shell 4D, mathcal{N} = ∞ supermultiplets can be combined to form off-shell 4D, mathcal{N} = ∈ supermultiplets. We study the \U0001d54a8 permutations and Height Yielding Matrix Numbers (HYMN) embedded within the adinkras that correspond to these putative off-shell 4D, mathcal{N} = 2 supermultiplets. Even though the HYMN definition was designed to distinguish between the raising and lowering of nodes in one dimensional valise supermultiplets, they are shown to accurately select out which combinations of off-shell 4D, mathcal{N} = 1 supermultiplets correspond to off-shell 4D, mathcal{N} = 2 supermultiplets. Only the combinations of the chiral + vector and chiral + tensor are found to have valises in the same class. This is consistent with the well known structure of 4D, mathcal{N} = 2 supermultiplets.

Supersymmetry and Hodge theory on Sasakian and Vaisman manifolds

Sasakian manifolds are odd-dimensional counterpart to Kähler manifolds. They can be defined as contact manifolds equipped with an invariant Kähler structure on their symplectic cone. The quotient of this cone by the homothety action is a complex manifold called Vaisman. We study harmonic forms and Hodge decomposition on Vaisman and Sasakian manifolds. We construct a Lie superalgebra associated to a Sasakian manifold in the same way as the Kähler supersymmetry algebra is associated to a Kähler manifold. We use this construction to produce a self-contained, coordinate-free proof of the results by Tachibana, Kashiwada and Sato on the decomposition of harmonic forms and cohomology of Sasakian and Vaisman manifolds. In the last section, we compute the supersymmetry algebra of Sasakian manifolds explicitly.

Twisting D(2,1; α) Superspace

AbstractWe develop a three‐dimensionaltheory of rigid supersymmetry describing the dynamics of a set of hypermultipletson a curved AdS3worldvolume background, whose supersymmetry is captured by the supergroup. To unveil some remarkable features of this model, we perform two twists, involving the SLfactors of the theory. After the first twist, our spacetime Lagrangian exhibits a Chern‐Simons term associated with an odd one‐form field, together with a fermionic “gauge‐fixing”, in the spirit of the Rozansky‐Witten model. The second twist allows to interpret thesetup as a framework capable of describing massive Dirac particles. In particular, this yields a generalisation of the Alvarez‐Valenzuela‐Zanelli model of “unconventional supersymmetry”. We comment on specific values of the combination, which in our model is related to a sort of gauging in the absence of dynamical gauge fields.

The 300 \u201ccorrelators\u201d suggests 4D, mathcal{N} = 1 SUSY is a solution to a set of Sudoku puzzles

A conjecture is made that the weight space for 4D, mathcal{N} -extended supersymmetrical representations is embedded within the permutahedra associated with permutation groups \U0001d54ad. Adinkras and Coxeter Groups associated with minimal representations of 4D, mathcal{N} = 1 supersymmetry provide evidence supporting this conjecture. It is shown that the appearance of the mathematics of 4D, mathcal{N} = 1 minimal off-shell supersymmetry representations is equivalent to solving a four color problem on the truncated octahedron. This observation suggest an entirely new way to approach the off-shell SUSY auxiliary field problem based on IT algorithms probing the properties of \U0001d54ad.

Five-brane current algebras in type II string theories

We study the current algebras of the NS5-branes, the Kaluza-Klein (KK) five-branes and the exotic {5}_2^2 -branes in type IIA/IIB superstring theories. Their worldvolume theories are governed by the six-dimensional mathcal{N} = (2, 0) tensor and the mathcal{N} = (1, 1) vector multiplets. We show that the current algebras are determined through the S- and T-dualities. The algebras of the mathcal{N} = (2, 0) theories are characterized by the Dirac bracket caused by the self-dual gauge field in the five-brane worldvolumes, while those of the mathcal{N} = (1, 1) theories are given by the Poisson bracket. By the use of these algebras, we examine extended spaces in terms of tensor coordinates which are the representation of ten-dimensional supersymmetry. We also examine the transition rules of the currents in the type IIA/IIB supersymmetry algebras in ten dimensions. Based on the algebras, we write down the section conditions in the extended spaces and gauge transformations of the supergravity fields.

Enumerative gadget phenomena for (4, 1)-adinkras

Adinkras are combinatorial objects developed to study supersymmetry representations. Gates et al. introduced the gadget as a function of pairs of adinkras, obtaining some mysterious results for ( = 4, k = 1 ) adinkras with computer-aided computation. Specifically, very few values of the gadget actually appear, suggesting a great deal of symmetry in these objects. In this paper, we compute gadgets symbolically and explain some of these observed phenomena with group theory and combinatorics. Guided by this work, we give some suggestions for generalizations of the gadget to other values of the n and k parameters.

A Proposed SUSY Alternative (SUSYA) Based on a New Type of Seesaw Mechanism Applicable to All Elementary Particles and Predicting a New Type of Aether Theory

This paper proposes a potentially viable “out-of-the-box” alternative (called “SUSYA”) to the currently known supersymmetry (SUSY) theory variants: SUSYA essentially proposes a new type of seesaw mechanism (SMEC) applicable to all elementary particles (EPs) and named “Z-SMEC”; Z-SMEC is a new type of charge-based mass symmetry/”conjugation” between EPs which predicts the zero/non-zero rest masses of all known/unknown EPs, EPs that are “conjugated” in boson-fermion pairs sharing the same electromagnetic charge (EMC). Z-SMEC is actually derived from an extended zero-energy hypothesis (eZEH) which is essentially a conservation principle applied on zero-energy (assigned to the ground state of vacuum) that mainly states a general quadratic equation governing a form of ex-nihilo creation and having a pair of conjugate boson-fermion mass solutions for each set of given coefficients. eZEH proposes a general formula for all the rest masses of all EPs from Standard model, also indicating the true existence of the graviton and a possible bijective connection between the three types of neutrinos (all predicted to be actually Majorana fermions) and the massless bosons (photon, gluon and the hypothetical graviton), between the electron/positron and the W boson, predicting at least three generations of leptoquarks (LQs) (defined here as the “mass-conjugates” of the three known generations of quarks) and predicting two distinct types of neutral massless fermions (NMFs) (modelled as mass-conjugates of the Higgs boson and Z boson respectively) which may be plausible constituents for a hypothetical lightest possible (hot fermionic) dark matter (LPDM) or, even more plausible, the main constituents of a superfluid fermionic vacuum/aether, as also proposed by the notorious Superfluid vacuum theory (SVT) (in which the physical vacuum is modeled as a bosonic/fermionic superfluid). SUSYA also predicts two hypothetical bosons defined as the ultra-heavy bosonic mass-conjugates of the muon and tauon called here the “W-muonic boson” (Wmb) and the “W-tauonic boson” (Wtb) respectively: Wmb and Wtb are predicted much heavier than the W boson and the Higgs boson so that Wmb and Wtb can be regarded as ultra-heavy charged Higgs bosons with their huge predicted rest energies defining the energy scale at which the electroweak field (EWF) may be unified with the Higgs field (HF).

Fissile vs. Fertile Atoms Renamed Squeezed State vs. Anti-squeezed States, Why Uranium, Thorium Etc are Invisible in Star Spectrometry Data, and a Return on Human Behaviour, Cultural Insecurity Defined as Anti-squeezed Behaviour, Linked to Brain Trauma

How can it be that uranium, thorium etc. are key in star dynamism with nuclear fission, when these atoms are barely visible in spectrometry data ? The answer of wavelength deformations of the uranium, thorium… gamma rays in the plasma, making data undecipherable directly, is drawn from previous works of the author. The paper also explains why, however, 235U appears in “excess” in meteors by developing simple comments on the fission cross-sections and building as well on earlier works of the author and on super-symmetry theory. In both cases, the concept of squeezed states and the associated anti-squeezed states, in application of Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation, happen to be extremely helpful to the demonstration. This eventually helps explaining the dynamism of the collapse before explosion in standard supernovas. More elements on super-symmetry are discussed in conclusion together with a return on the Chapter 1 of From an Einstein Syndrome to the People, where the use of the fine structure constant is justified, self-repressed behaviour (with as key the fear of anal penetration, in men) is anti-squeezed.

Using Pyspark Environment for Solving a Big Data Problem: Searching for Supersymmetric Particles

Supersymmetry theory predicts that every particle in the standard model has a superpartner particle with a different mass. The Classification Problem of Supersymmetric Particles in High-Energy represents a major challenge for physicists. This paper aims to resolve the Big data Classification Problem in the area of Supersymmetric Particles using the Apache Spark Environment with the "MLlib" library. This contribution attempts to explore the performance of Machine Learning methods in the context of large data such as a "Susy" dataset, collected from the UCI Machine Learning repository. In this work, the performance is measured using three metrics: Accuracy, Area Under Curve (AUC), and training Computation Time (CT). The results are promising and show that the Gradient Boosted Tree (GBT) classifier achieves a high accuracy score (79%). While the Logistic Regression (LR) algorithm realizes a well AUC score (86%).

A non-abelian analogue of DBI from $T \overline{T}$

The Dirac action describes the physics of the Nambu-Goldstone scalars found on branes. The Born-Infeld action defines a non-linear theory of electrodynamics. The combined Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action describes the leading interactions supported on a single D-brane in string theory. We define a non-abelian analogue of DBI using the T\bar{T}TT‾ deformation in two dimensions. The resulting quantum theory is compatible with maximal supersymmetry and such theories are quite rare.

Applying quantum supersymmetry and perturbation theory to the energy-dependent Hulthén potential

We deal with the energy-dependent Hulthen potential, by using the supersymmetric quantum mechanics and the first-order perturbation theory. We consider the Hulthen potential linearly dependent on the energy which is introduced in the coupling constant. We evaluate the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding reduced radial eigenfunctions. We compare the analytical results with the numerical solutions of the Schrodinger equation in the energy-dependent and the energy-independent cases. We then investigate the screening effect in order to determine the critical screening parameter values for each state. After that, we look into the absorption oscillator strengths for different transitions.

Discovery reach for wino and higgsino dark matter with a disappearing track signature at a 100 TeV pp collider

Within the theory of supersymmetry, the lightest neutralino is a dark matter candidate and is often assumed to be the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) as well. If the neutral wino or higgsino is dark matter, the upper limit of the LSP mass is determined by the observed relic density of dark matter. If the LSP is a nearly-pure neutral state of the wino or higgsino, the lightest chargino state is expected to have a significant lifetime due to a tiny mass difference between the LSP and the chargino. This article presents discovery potential of the 100 TeV future circular hadron collider (FCC) for the wino and higgsino dark matter using a disappearing-track signature. The search strategy to extend the discovery reach to the thermal limits of wino/higgsino dark matter is discussed with detailed studies on the background rate and the reference design of the FCC-hadron detector under possible running scenarios of the FCC-hadron machine. A proposal of modifying the detector layout and several ideas to improve the sensitivity further are also discussed.

Polarized Scattering Equations for 6D Superamplitudes.

We introduce a spinorial version of the scattering equations, the polarized scattering equations, that incorporates spinor polarization data. They underpin new formulas for tree-level scattering amplitudes in six dimensions that directly extend to maximal supersymmetry. We find new ingredients for integrands for super Yang-Mills theory, gravity, M5 and D5 branes. We explain how the polarized scattering equations and supersymmetry representations arise from an ambitwistor string with target given by a supertwistor description of 6D superambitwistor space. On reduction to four dimensions, the polarized scattering equations give rise to massive analogues of the 4D refined scattering equations for amplitudes on the Coulomb branch. They give a quite distinct framework from that of Cachazo etal.; in particular, the formulas do not change character from even to odd numbers of particles.

Fundamental Supermultiplet in Twelve Dimensions

We discuss a set of local fields which provide the on-shell massless states expected for the fundamental linear representation of supersymmetry in twelve dimensions. We recover the states of the anticipated N=16, S=4, massless supermultiplet upon reduction to four dimensions. Using algebraic methods, we also construct ghost arrays which permit the covariant quantization of each of the gauge fields in the set.

Probing the BSM physics with CMB precision cosmology: an application to supersymmetry

The cosmic history before the BBN is highly determined by the physics that operates beyond the Standard Model (BSM) of particle physics and it is poorly constrained observationally. Ongoing and future precision measurements of the CMB observables can provide us with significant information about the pre-BBN era and hence possibly test the cosmological predictions of different BSM scenarios. Supersymmetry is a particularly motivated BSM theory and it is often the case that different superymmetry breaking schemes require different cosmic histories with specific reheating temperatures or low entropy production in order to be cosmologically viable. In this paper we quantify the effects of the possible alternative cosmic histories on the ns and r CMB observables assuming a generic non-thermal stage after cosmic inflation. We analyze TeV and especially multi-TeV super-symmetry breaking schemes assuming the neutralino and gravitino dark matter scenarios. We complement our analysis considering the Starobinsky R2 inflation model to exemplify the improved CMB predictions that a unified description of the early universe cosmic evolution yields. Our analysis underlines the importance of the CMB precision measurements that can be viewed, to some extend, as complementary to the laboratory experimental searches for supersymmetry or other BSM theories.

The Chern‐Simons Current in Systems of DNA‐RNA Transcriptions

AbstractA Chern‐Simons current, coming from ghost and anti‐ghost fields of supersymmetry theory, can be used to define a spectrum of gene expression in new time series data where a spinor field, as alternative representation of a gene, is adopted instead of using the standard alphabet sequence of bases . After a general discussion on the use of supersymmetry in biological systems, we give examples of the use of supersymmetry for living organism, discuss the codon and anti‐codon ghost fields and develop an algebraic construction for the trash DNA, the DNA area which does not seem active in biological systems. As a general result, all hidden states of codon can be computed by Chern‐Simons 3 forms. Finally, we plot a time series of genetic variations of viral glycoprotein gene and host T‐cell receptor gene by using a gene tensor correlation network related to the Chern‐Simons current. An empirical analysis of genetic shift, in host cell receptor genes with separated cluster of gene and genetic drift in viral gene, is obtained by using a tensor correlation plot over time series data derived as the empirical mode decomposition of Chern‐Simons current.