Story Representation Research Articles

Gender Representation of Health Care Professionals in Large Language Model–Generated Stories

With the growing use of large language models (LLMs) in education and health care settings, it is important to ensure that the information they generate is diverse and equitable, to avoid reinforcing or creating stereotypes that may influence the aspirations of upcoming generations. To evaluate the gender representation of LLM-generated stories involving medical doctors, surgeons, and nurses and to investigate the association of varying personality and professional seniority descriptors with the gender proportions for these professions. This is a cross-sectional simulation study of publicly accessible LLMs, accessed from December 2023 to January 2024. GPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4 (OpenAI), Gemini-pro (Google), and Llama-2-70B-chat (Meta) were prompted to generate 500 stories featuring medical doctors, surgeons, and nurses for a total 6000 stories. A further 43 200 prompts were submitted to the LLMs containing varying descriptors of personality (agreeableness, neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness) and professional seniority. The primary outcome was the gender proportion (she/her vs he/him) within stories generated by LLMs about medical doctors, surgeons, and nurses, through analyzing the pronouns contained within the stories using χ2 analyses. The pronoun proportions for each health care profession were compared with US Census data by descriptive statistics and χ2 tests. In the initial 6000 prompts submitted to the LLMs, 98% of nurses were referred to by she/her pronouns. The representation of she/her for medical doctors ranged from 50% to 84%, and that for surgeons ranged from 36% to 80%. In the 43 200 additional prompts containing personality and seniority descriptors, stories of medical doctors and surgeons with higher agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness, as well as lower neuroticism, resulted in higher she/her (reduced he/him) representation. For several LLMs, stories focusing on senior medical doctors and surgeons were less likely to be she/her than stories focusing on junior medical doctors and surgeons. This cross-sectional study highlights the need for LLM developers to update their tools for equitable and diverse gender representation in essential health care roles, including medical doctors, surgeons, and nurses. As LLMs become increasingly adopted throughout health care and education, continuous monitoring of these tools is needed to ensure that they reflect a diverse workforce, capable of serving society's needs effectively.

From the Museum to the Studio: Rethinking Visual Representations of White-Washed Stories of North American History

From the Museum to the Studio: Rethinking Visual Representations of White-Washed Stories of North American History

企劃論文] 근대 초기 딱지본 표지화에서 보이는 중국 도상 연구

In the early 20th century, Kroean publishing houses that pioneered the distribution of newly edited Chinese classical novels actively utilized Chinese images to reflect readers’ tastes, even showcasing images that were neither popular nor taboo in the Joseon Dynasty. On the covers of Ttakji-bon novel, such as “Gwkbunyang Silqi(The Story of Gwakbunyang),” a Chinese novel, the Chinese-style iconography of a husband and wife sitting together enjoying a banquet was consistently featured from the first edition in 1913 until the 1950s. This imagery, which was not seen in the Confucian society of the Joseon Dynasty, highlights the public’s interest and changes regarding the new status of men and women within the East Asian family structure during the transition to a modern society. Moreover, the book-cover of “Gwakbunyang Silgi” illustrates the distribution of the Chinese iconography of the husband and wife sitting together, which was very popular in Qing Dynasty as a form of New Year’s Poster(Nianhua). This paper examines the visual representation and distribution of the classical story of Gwabunyang in the publishing culture of the early 20th century, focusing on the cover images of the Ttakji-bon, Gwakbunyang Silgi.

More Than Seeking Refuge: Analyzing Children’s Literature Representing Southeast Asian Refugee Stories

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the representation of Asian refugee stories in children’s literature. Intersectionality is used as the theoretical framework. By drawing upon the three-dimensional narrative inquiry and critical discourse analysis, the findings show that the storyline of looking for refuge was a common theme in all the books. Other important storylines included the connections to the cultural practices of protagonists that were not often portrayed in children’s books. The findings also indicate that while two picturebooks included two protagonists who were positioned as women, community leaders, and activists, these stories were atypical cases. Not many Southeast Asian women with agency and power have been represented in children’s literature. The study has implications for including diversity in children’s literature and empowering Southeast Asian refugee girls and women

Voices Unheard: Exploring female representation in Sundanese folk stories through transitivity and semantic code

Voices Unheard: Exploring female representation in Sundanese folk stories through transitivity and semantic code

Exploring the Influence of Requirement Representation on Idea Generation

Abstract The objective of this research is to understand how different representations of requirements influence idea generation in terms of quantity, addressment, novelty, and variety of conceptual sketches. Requirements are testable statements of need, desires, and wishes of the stakeholders that are used by engineers to frame the problem. Project success is highly dependent on well-defined requirements documents. An experimental study was conducted with 52 fourth-year mechanical engineering undergraduate students. Two design problems are used with three different representations: a problem statement with embedded requirements, a problem statement and a traditional requirement list, and a problem statement with contextualized scrum stories. Each student addressed both design problems with two different representations of requirements. It was found that the use of contextualized scrum story representations significantly affected the novelty of solution fragments and addressment of requirements, while no significant change in variety and quantity was seen. Finally, it was found that quantity is not directly related to the number of requirements addressed in the sketches.

The Multidirectional Memory of Iraqi Holocaust: A Study of Yazidi Genocide in Dunia Mikhail’s The Bird Tattoo

The present study examines Dunia Mikhail’s The Bird Tattoo (2023) as trauma fiction that contributes to the concept of memory in trauma studies. The study argues that Mikhail’s novel brings to the fore a history of subjugation and victimization inscribed upon the historical body of Sinjar and Nineveh’s memory like a tattoo. It further argues that The Bird Tattoo’s representation of different stories of suffering functions as a reflection of Michael Rothberg’s concept of multidirectional memory, which effectively features colonial trauma studies. This argument is discussed alongside the poetics that the novelist in question relies heavily upon to project the bloody and overwhelming genocide committed by ISIS against Iraqi inhabitants during its terrorist existence in Nineveh during and after 2014. According to this context, the study aims to answer the following questions: how does Mikhail weave a coherent narrative structure in which raw materials are fueled by bloody conflict; and what is the function of such trauma fiction? These questions are answered through a critical approach that scrutinizes the aspects of colonial trauma with reference to the content and form of The Bird Tattoo.

Comparison of Graph Distance Measures for Movie Similarity Using a Multilayer Network Model.

Graph distance measures have emerged as an effective tool for evaluating the similarity or dissimilarity between graphs. Recently, there has been a growing trend in the application of movie networks to analyze and understand movie stories. Previous studies focused on computing the distance between individual characters in narratives and identifying the most important ones. Unlike previous techniques, which often relied on representing movie stories through single-layer networks based on characters or keywords, a new multilayer network model was developed to allow a more comprehensive representation of movie stories, including character, keyword, and location aspects. To assess the similarities among movie stories, we propose a methodology that utilizes a multilayer network model and layer-to-layer distance measures. We aim to quantify the similarity between movie networks by verifying two aspects: (i) regarding many components of the movie story and (ii) quantifying the distance between their corresponding movie networks. We tend to explore how five graph distance measures reveal the similarity between movie stories in two aspects: (i) finding the order of similarity among movies within the same genre, and (ii) classifying movie stories based on genre. We select movies from various genres: sci-fi, horror, romance, and comedy. We extract movie stories from movie scripts regarding character, keyword, and location entities to perform this. Then, we compute the distance between movie networks using different methods, such as the network portrait divergence, the network Laplacian spectra descriptor (NetLSD), the network embedding as matrix factorization (NetMF), the Laplacian spectra, and D-measure. The study shows the effectiveness of different methods for identifying similarities among various genres and classifying movies across different genres. The results suggest that the efficiency of an approach on a specific network type depends on its capacity to capture the inherent network structure of that type. We propose incorporating the approach into movie recommendation systems.

Children’s Narrative Retells: The Influence of Character Realism and Storybook Theme on Central and Peripheral Detail

ABSTRACT Research Findings: Anthropomorphized animal characters have been associated with negative influences on educational outcomes for young children, for example story comprehension and prosocial learning from moral tales. In this study we investigate how character realism and moral theme influence young children’s recall of the story content. Retells were examined for length, syntactic complexity, and centrality as indices of memory and understanding. Participants were 171 children (age 3–7 years) from 6 rural schools in the Northwest of England. We found no significant influence of story character on the measures under test. Retells with a prosocial sharing theme had higher syntactic complexity and greater centrality than those with a busy theme. Practice or Policy: The results suggest that animal characters are not necessarily an impediment to coherent representations of stories. The central message from a prosocial themed story appeared to be more strongly retained than that of a closely matched story with no prosocial lesson. This suggests story theme to be a potential influence that should be considered when testing children’s narrative comprehension.

The Portrayal and Representation of Mythological Stories in Chinese Cinema in the Digital Age

This scholarly article delves into the dynamic interplay between mythological narratives and digital innovation in Chinese cinema. By scrutinizing the amalgamation of traditional story arcs with modern cinematic techniques, it casts light on how digital advancements enrich narrative complexity and enhance visual allure. The methodology merges traditional film critique with digital analytic tools, underscoring the profound influence of digital technology on storytelling. Central to this discourse are case studies like "Ne Zha," which exemplify the modern reinterpretation of mythological themes. The paper contrasts how mythology is depicted in mainstream versus independent films, shedding light on their distinct narrative approaches. Additionally, the analysis extends to understanding the diverse reception of these mythological stories among domestic and international audiences, with particular attention to motifs of nostalgia and youth. In its concluding section, the article contemplates the wider ramifications for the film industry, explores challenges in audience engagement, and discusses the intricacies of copyright in the digital era.

WEB-ТЕЛО: РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ ТЕЛЕСНОСТИ В ИНТЕРНЕТ-МИКРОФОРМАТАХ

The object of the article is microformats (mainly memes and short stories), consumed by modern people as popular network content. The focus is on the methods and characteristic features of body representation in memes and short stories, and specific cases are examined in detail. It is well known that the designated content is systematically used for short “statements” and, among other things, in auto-presentation terms. Based on microformat analytics data, the authors have documented some trends directly related to body representation practices. These trends still need clarification and addition, but their initial identification will make it possible to contribute to the conceptual matrix of digital studies.

Radar de Parité: An NLP system to measure gender representation in French news stories

We present the Radar de Parité, an automated Natural Language Processing (NLP) system that measures the proportion of women and men quoted daily in six Canadian French-language media outlets. We outline the system’s architecture and detail the challenges we overcame to address French-specific issues, in particular regarding coreference resolution, a new contribution to the NLP literature on French. We also showcase statistics covering over one year’s worth of data (282,512 news articles). Our results highlight the underrepresentation of women in news stories, while also illustrating the application of modern NLP methods to measure gender representation and address societal issues.

Superheroes and Nazis: Re-examining the legacy of the Second World War in Eric Kripke’s The Boys

The television adaptation of The Boys, originally a comic book series written by Garth Ennis, has garnered attention for its graphic violence and satirical treatment of the superhero genre. The Boys engages with a number of critiques of the superhero genre and its tropes, one of which is the recurring presence of a Nazi supervillain. This article links The Boys to previous examples of comic books and screen adaptations which feature Nazis or similar fascist organizations, such as Captain America, Superman and X-Men. In particular, it argues that The Boys’s status as a subversive superhero narrative impacts the portrayal of Nazism in new ways, further troubling the distinction between superhero and supervillain and providing insight into contemporary cultural concerns. Through its representation of the superhero origin story and the Nazi character Stormfront, The Boys draws upon the memories of the Second World War in order to condemn the rise of fascism in the twenty-first century. Despite this ostensibly worthy goal, it is also important to consider criticisms of this type of representation of the historically specific atrocities of the Second World War, the role of exploitation and its resulting reception by viewers.

Lesbian legibility and queer legacy in Céline Sciamma’s Portrait de la jeune fille en feu (2019)

ABSTRACT As a story of painting – an artist falling in love with the subject of her portrait – Portrait de la jeune fille en feu/Portrait of a Lady on Fire is a film about representation itself, about the intensified spectatorship that comes with a sustained diegetic attention to the gaze. This article argues that rather than fulfilling the mainstream demands of the period romance to reveal lost histories of lesbianism, Sciamma’s film draws on her radical visual vocabulary to capture desire’s precariousness. This is the site of Portrait de la jeune fille en feu’s queerness: not (just) the explicit representation of a lesbian love story but rather a reckoning with cinema’s own role in making prohibited desires legible on-screen. Just as Gayatri Gopinath locates ‘queerness’ in ‘a specific spectatorial dynamic between the artist and the historical archive’, we can find queerness in Sciamma’s relationship to the visual archive of lesbian film history. This article argues that by reminding us of desire’s precariousness, Sciamma’s film demonstrates its own negotiations with ‘lesbian’ cinema whilst opening up ways to read a visual map of queer possibility.

Engaging with Under-Resourced Communities for User Research through Self-Authored Videos

The conventional 'participant-as-informant' model of user research has recently been challenged by approaches that advocate for participants to have a greater authorial control over narratives that portray their lived experiences. This is particularly important for addressing relationships of power and representation. Informed by narrative approaches in social work, we report on a study exploring the use of self-authored videos captured by 16 participants from under-resourced communities. Participants portrayed their mundane life experiences in a form of a video biography. Co-analysis of resulting videos showed that video biographies were used for: authentic representation of daily routines and life stories; portrayal of DIY identities; and promoting living well. Findings show how the self-authored biographies afforded participants a vehicle for challenging cultural stereotypes often associated with the research population. We further demonstrate the value of video-based approaches in user research for illuminating mundane life through rich autobiographical narratives.

A Subverted Eden, López Velarde’s Jerez: A Past, and Present, Disaster

The year 1910 marks the beginning of a civil war that ravaged Mexico for the next seven years, leaving an estimated death toll of well over a million. This conflict, known to Mexicans as ‘La Revolución’, gave rise to a vast literary output encompassing both oral and written genres. The former in the countless ‘corridos’, songs whose lyrics cover the whole gamut of actions, from the heroic patriotism of the caudillos to the savagery and sacrifice endured by the population. For its part, the written genre played a pivotal role in modern Mexican letters, in the form of what critics call ‘Novela de la revolución’. Apart from its representation in novels and short stories, this violent armed conflict also found its way into the poetic output of Ramón López Velarde (RLV), who is Mexico’s literary figure closest to national poet. Velarde’s highly evocative poems and essays are a paean to Mexico’s provincial life. Jerez, López Velarde’s birthplace —a backwater in the Northern state of Zacatecas— was his very own personal Eden, albeit one caught in the crossfire of the warrying factions. In 1910, Jerez, Zacatecas, stood as a symbol of senseless bloodshed and indiscriminate violence. Once more, but one hundred years later, this remote corner of the Mexican geography stands out as one of the most violent zones in the whole country. This paper analyses Velarde’s Women in Exile and The Maleficent Return, together with some other theme-related texts dedicated to the conflict, while discussing its new violent avatar, a century later.

AI, the storyteller: Content analysis of disability representation in stories created for children

This study explored the disability representations found in Google’s artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot from January to March 2024. The content analysis examined Google’s Bard and Gemini’s story structure – which evolved over the weeks – in creating stories with disabled main characters. Findings discovered themes such as supercrip, inspiration porn and pity. Disabled boys tended to be associated with the supercrip stereotype, centring on adventure-type stories. Disabled girls were more commonly portrayed as sources of inspiration, tasked with improving the world. Physical disabilities (e.g. using a wheelchair, crutches or a donkey) were prominent in 71 per cent (n = 55) of all stories.

Sports in African Print Media: Quality Journalism or Toy Department? A Comparison of the South African Results from the 2011 and 2021 International Sports Press Survey

Sports journalism has, for some time, been a traditional subject of communication research. However, long-term studies and cross-national studies on sports journalism are still relatively rare. Analysis of sports in African print media is particularly underrepresented in scholarship. This contribution compares and contrasts the quality of sports journalism in the South African print media based on data collected during the 2011 and 2021 International Sports Press Survey (ISPS). Findings from the study largely replicate earlier studies with regards to authorship, placement, primary content, primary actors, journalistic formats, sourcing patterns, and gender representation in sports stories. While there are indications of gradual transformation, in a few aspects of sports journalism sport remains in the margins. Thematically, the media coverage is narrowly dominated by match reports, results, and previews. Moreover, coverage lacks critical journalistic engagement which makes sports pages amenable to ‘soft’ journalism and content that is generally considered to be ‘less serious’, thus lending credence to the thesis that sport is the ‘toy department’ of the news media.

International Anthems for LGBTQI+ Community: A Gay Pride– Thematic Analysis

Music as an art form of expression brings the inner side of an artist to the surface, and gives the world an insight of his vision. On the other hand, art is a conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects or works. Music is a unique form of art and a lyrical and auditory representation of story. Thus, the study analyzed the patterns or themes of the five selected Gay Pride Playlists or songs such as I’m Coming Out, Born This Way, I Will Survive, True Colors, and Beautiful. The study found out three major themes and patterns that reflected in the five selected Gay Pride Playlists and entailed us to deepen our understanding about sexual orientation, and gender identity and expression. Furthermore, Gay Pride Playlists music, and music as an art, is made for expressing a free spirit that constitutes beauty.

YANG INDIGENOUS, YANG KONTEMPORER, DAN YANG FUTURISTIK: DIMENSI SPIRITUAL CERPEN-CERPEN SETANGKAI MELATI DI SAYAP JIBRIL DANARTO

This article discusses the encyclopedic entry on the representation of spirituality in the short stories of Setangkai Melati di Sayap Jibril by Danarto. From the phenomenological analysis of the encyclopedic entries of spirituality representation in the short stories in the book, it can be stated that the spiritual dimension in Danarto's short story collection, for the way of representation, explores his spirituality inspiration through a number of encyclopedic entries. In simple terms, the various entries in the encyclopedia of spirituality can be mapped into four categories, namely (1) representations of spirituality that cultivate the myths of guardians in Java, (2) representations of spirituality that process wayang stories, (3) representations of spirituality that are spiritual from The guardian myth entries and the wayang world, both of them, are two indigenous encyclopedias, so the spiritual dimension in this collection of short stories can be mapped more simply into three entry categories, namely spirituality with indigenous encyclopedias, spirituality with contemporary encyclopedias, and spirituality with encyclopedias. futuristic. The distribution of the encyclopedic entries on the path of spiritual representation shows that the short stories in this book can be regarded as representations that maintain the meaning of spirituality in its essence, namely as something that has a single meaning, and at the same time shows that the representation of spirituality is something that is open to a variety of possible path choices.