Representation Of Equality Research Articles

Representation of (In)equality in English for Today (Class-VIII)

Representation of (In)equality in English for Today (Class-VIII)

MANIFESTASI KESETARAAN GENDER DI PERGURUAN TINGGI

Following the flow of transformation and the times today, the discourse on women's leadership turned out to be growing and getting a response from the community, along with the growth and development of Scientific Management (Scientific). Leadership is no longer based on talent, heritage, experience and the male gender, but more than the physical and mental readiness of men and women in a planned towards professionalism. All the program is done through planning, analysis and development systematically to raise stamina leadership qualities in accordance with the spirit of the Shari'ah. This paper discusses the concept of gender equality in representation in college. First, gender equality is seen as a condition when women are placed on an equal footing and given the same rights and obligations as men. Secondly, gender equality is seen as a condition that is expected to bring about a change for a better life. Both representations of gender equality is highly influenced by the history, background, purpose, and vision and mission of the organization for women. Furthermore, the representation is then manifested in features of managerial college.

The quality of gender equality: gender quotas and Swedish film governance

Since 2000, the Swedish Film Institute has been tasked with increasing gender equality by distributing commissioner support more equally between women and men. While this has resulted in an increase in the number of women behind the camera, this study shows that the implementation has been hampered due to a representation of gender equality as being in conflict with the core values of the film governance regime. This representation reveals a lingering gender order and opens avenues for stakeholders to consider behaviour that ignores the gender equality goals as legitimate. It is further argued that the design of gender equality measures creates a conflict between the economic conditions of women’s film making and the possibility to tell stories based on gendered experiences.

Den nödvändiga jämställdheten

Norrland is often represented and constructed as a “typical male” region, a region dominated by rural problems. The “male” power structure is often depicted as a static problem, a part of a rural traditionally bound periphery which cannot be changed. In public discourse, Kiruna is positioned as a town adjusted to men which is a situation in need of change; it is argued that gender equality is a necessity for Kiruna’s survival. Put differently: there are clear ambitions for change. By studying how gender equality is made and how gender equality is produced in different practices, this article studies the implications of these ambitions. A key analytical starting point is that gender equality is something “made” by various actors in specific contexts. Gender equality is understood as an empirical field filled with meaning, or produced, in different contexts, not as a “fact” that can be measured. With place as an analytical hub, and inspired by Carol Bacchi’s critical approach to policy analysis we examine how gender equality is articulated and how place is produced. Using policy documents, newspaper materials and interviews, we conclude that gender equality is filled with partially different meanings in the three themes, but attractiveness stands out as a central underlying rationality – often in combination with participation and the absence of conflict between women and men. These representations of gender equality create a win-win, a non-conflictual understanding of gender equality, underpinned by an understanding of men and women as different and complementary subjects. In spite of clear articulations of men’s privileged position and women’s subordinate position, the measures suggested for achieving change target the image of Kiruna rather than gendered power relations. We explain this result in the context of overall processes of de-politicisation in contemporary society and by the need for Kiruna to be seen as “good” and “attractive” in order to challenge and avoid reproducing the picture of the Northern periphery as backward and traditional.

Immigrants and Social Interaction: The Role of the School in the Intercultural Dialogue

This research paper is focused on the analysis of the link between the identity of individuals and ethnical-cultural groups and their integration in society, through the school curriculum and its organisation. In order to do this we make use of references to theory and data collected from a sample of 120 immigrants, mostly belonging to the three largest ethnic/national groups of the immigrant communities living in the country: Brazilians (40), Slavs (44) and Portuguese speaking Africans (31). Some of those asked refused to be integrated into schools or to have their identity over-emphasised in schools. This led to the discussion being centred around two points: firstly, the association of integration with a representation of equality, and secondly, that of identity with a plural reality. Both of these are conditions for a stable intercultural dialogue.

Being a Woman, Young and Poor

This study was conducted with the interest of knowing female identities in their reality, as well as the role of Brazilian telenovelas in the constitution of being a woman. The objective is to understand how the conflicts and the complementarities between telenovela audience and empirical mediations of family, school and social class constitute the female identity of young women from popular classes. The sample of this research was composed of twelve young women from fifteen to twenty-four years of age, who live in the outskirts of Santa Maria, a city in the South of Brazil with three hundred thousand inhabitants. The results of the research point to an imposition of the social class on the female identities of these young women. Their economic deprivation defines the experiences and ways of being a woman, either through teenage pregnancy, due to work, to abandoning school, or to television as their main form of leisure. The role of telenovelas is also essential. On the one hand, they (re)produce a traditional female model—in which maternity and marriage are the priorities of women. On the other hand, they present evidence to those interviewed of a representation of equality between genders, which they do not experience in their daily lives.

Pregnant politicians and sexy fathers? The politics of gender equality representations in Europe

Synopsis Gender equality has become a core element within the national identity and self representation of ‘progressive’ European nation states, distinguishing them from what is deemed non-European. Gender equality has become the hallmark of what ‘Europe’ stands for. But gender equality is far from one dimensional; its politics are murky. This special issue focuses on the gap between the dominant European discourse on gender equality and the realities of daily politics. It brings into view the contested ways in which a variety of political actors define gender equality — whether it has been achieved, and if not, how it should be. These views are indispensably tied to the ideologies of states, social movements, elites and individuals. This special issue reveals the multiple disciplinary faces of the representation of gender equality in politics. The common thread is how gender intersects with other markers of identity such as ethnicity.

Similitude, Equality, and Reciprocity

Unlike in the Mediterranean world, marriage in cisalpine urban societies was dominated by representations of equality and reciprocity, both in social practice and in theological and didactic discourse. This article first examines the conception of heavenly marriage as developed in late antiquity and elaborated in theological discourse before providing an in-depth analysis of various marriage contracts, particularly those held in the municipal archives of Strasbourg. Analysis of these contracts reveals the strong ties between social practice and didactic discourse, demonstrating that the representations of equality and reciprocity they conveyed were rooted in inheritance law, which treated both male and female children equally.

Gender Equality as Smart Economics? A critique of the 2012 World Development Report

Business now plays an increasingly prominent role in development. While the implicit links between private actors and international development institutions have been widely debated, the explicit role of financial corporations in shaping official development policy has been less well documented. We employ a feminist Marxian analysis to examine the material and discursive landscape of the 2012 World Development Report: Gender Equality and Development. Its exclusive focus on gender equality as ‘smart economics’, and the central role accorded to leading financial corporations like Goldman Sachs in the formulation of the key World Bank recommendations enable us to explore the changing landscape of the neoliberal corporatisation of development. We argue, first, that the apolitical and ahistorical representation of gender and gender equality in the wdr serves to normalise spaces of informality and insecurity, thereby expunging neoliberal-led capitalist relations of exploitation and domination, which characterise the social context in which many women in the global South live. Second, the wdr represents the interest of corporations in transforming the formerly excluded segments of the South (women) into consumers and entrepreneurs. The wdr thus represents an attempt by the World Bank and its ‘partners’ to deepen and consolidate the fundamental values and tenets of capitalist interests.

Social dominance and the disassociation between explicit and implicit representations of equality

AbstractThis study tested whether social dominance orientation (SDO) predicted a conceptual disassociation between explicit (declarative or propositional) attitudes about equality and implicit (automatic or associative) views of how representative New Zealand Europeans and Maori are of the New Zealand nation (N = 48 Europeans). Explicitly stated attitudes framing equality in terms of procedural justice or meritocratic treatment were positively correlated with individual differences in the implicit tendency to view New Zealand Europeans as exclusively representative of New Zealand. This tendency to explicitly frame equality as based on individual merit and to implicitly favour the dominant (European) ethnic group as representative of the nation was observed only among people high in SDO. Our analysis provides novel support for the position that meritocratic ideology is malleable and may be employed by those high in SDO to frame concepts of equality and justice in ways that suit their desire for group‐based dominance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Law and Mutual Assistance in Families: A Comparison of Socialist Legacies in Hungary and Eastern Germany

In this article it is argued that post-socialist reforms actually led to more similarity in the legal sphere between Hungary and eastern Germany than during the socialist phase.Despite some similarities regarding their respective official representations of gender equality during the socialist period, Hungary and the former GDR in fact had quite distinct policies. As the Hungarian policies and ideologies resemble those in the former West Germany, and because East Germany has taken on the legal system of West Germany as a result of unification, both countries are now becoming more similar in legal terms in some areas than before. However, the socialist differences have not vanished, but still account for different situations of legal pluralism today. People still employ socialist practices, and norms guiding the cases demonstrate a process in which former state law turns into new customary law.The article concentrates on fields related to a gendered understanding of property and motherhood. Selected examples of family assistance and conflict in Hungary and eastern Germany in the aftermath of legal reforms reveal different patterns of interpretation and integration of the socialist past. The first part of this article deals with the changing significance and interpretation of landed property and its inheritance in structuring family relations. In both localities landed property is basically interpreted as male property. With post-socialist property reforms, this normative orientation translates seemingly easily into a shift of power to the oldest male in the family in rural Hungary. In contrast, in the German cases, new conflicts are often based on gendered claims to property, and in many cases are interpreted within the framework of East-West German differences. The second part seeks to complicate that picture by reference to the connection of this field of legal reform with the field of family policies and the consequences of different socialist legacies. Family policies in Hungary, it is argued, prepared the ground for the long-term and in fact undesired retreat of mothers into the household. In contrast, socialist policies led to shorter maternity leave in the GDR and more female labour market participation. As a result, women are more focused on wage labour and are strongly supported by their parents to go out to work. In a situation in which large parts of the eastern German population are confronted with gender images and legal arrangements that resemble those of socialist Hungary, many opt for the ‘East German’ socialist gender mode.

Interpreting HOL in the calculus of constructions

The purpose of this paper is to consider a representation of the HOL theorem-prover in the calculus of constructions with the property that consistency results from the calculus of constructions imply such results in HOL. This kind of representation is impossible using the propositions-as-types representation of logic and equality, but it is possible if a different representation is used.

Representation of Freedom and Equality

Representation of Freedom and Equality