Report Of Turnip Mosaic Virus Research Articles

First report of Turnip mosaic virus infecting saffron in Iran.

Saffron (Crocus sativus) is widely used as an important herbal medicine crop worldwide. Iran is the largest producer and exporter of saffron in the world. Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is a species of the genus Potyvirus, which infects a wide range of plants species. During the autumn of 2019, saffron plants with symptoms including colour breaking of the flowers, chlorosis and mild mosaic of leaves were collected from the major saffron cultivation areas of Iran. After the isolation of total RNA from diseased samples, RT-PCR was done using TuMV-specific primers. Amplicons of two selected isolates were purified, cloned, and sequenced. BLASTn of obtained sequences indicated high similarity with TuMV sequences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first finding of TuMV infection in the saffron plant of Iran.

First report of turnip mosaic virus on yellow passion fruit in China

First report of turnip mosaic virus on yellow passion fruit in China

First report of turnip mosaic virus infecting Perilla frutescens in Korea

First report of turnip mosaic virus infecting Perilla frutescens in Korea

Molecular and Biological Characterisation of Turnip mosaic virus Isolates Infecting Poppy (Papaversomniferum and P. rhoeas) in Slovakia.

In recent years, the accumulated molecular data of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates from various hosts originating from different parts of the world considerably helped to understand the genetic complexity and evolutionary history of the virus. In this work, four complete TuMV genomes (HC9, PK1, MS04, MS15) were characterised from naturally infected cultivated and wild-growing Papaver spp., hosts from which only very scarce data were available previously. Phylogenetic analyses showed the affiliation of Slovak Papaver isolates to the world-B and basal-B groups. The PK1 isolate showed a novel intra-lineage recombination pattern, further confirming the important role of recombination in the shaping of TuMV genetic diversity. Biological assays indicated that the intensity of symptoms in experimentally inoculated oilseed poppy are correlated to TuMV accumulation level in leaves. This is the first report of TuMV in poppy plants in Slovakia.

First report of turnip mosaic virus naturally infecting lettuce and chard plants in Brazil

First report of turnip mosaic virus naturally infecting lettuce and chard plants in Brazil

FIRST REPORT OF TURNIP MOSAIC VIRUS ON TROPAEOLUM MAJUS IN BRAZIL

Tropaeolum majus (Tropaeolaceae), popularly known as garden nasturtium and often confused with Nasturtium officinale (Brassicaceae), is widely cultivated in southern and southeastern regions of Brazil as ornamental, medicinal and food plant. T. majus plants from Sao Paulo state showing symptoms of mosaic, blistering and leaf distortion were subjected to biological, serological and molecular tests for virus diagnosis. Inoculations on Chenopodium species induced local lesions and reproduced the original symptoms on T. majus. Naturally and experimentally infected T. majus reacted positively to an antiserum raised against a potyvirus group in DAS-ELISA and against a Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) antiserum in indirect ELISA. Total RNA was extracted from infected T. majus leaf, and RT-PCR carried out using primers designed on the sequence of part of the cytoplasmic inclusion region of the potyviral genome (Ha et al., 2008), produced a fragment ca. 700 bp in size The fragment was directly sequenced (GenBank accession No. KJ635891) and its sequence (TuMV-TR02) was similar to that of TuMV isolates NDJ (AB093616) and Al (AB093598) with 78.8 and 92.1% nucleotide identity, respectively. Phylogenetic trees constructed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining algorithms using the PAUP program were similar. The TuMV-TR02 isolate formed a monophyletic group with isolates from Italy belonging to the basal-B group proposed by Oshima et al. (2002). This is the first report of TuMV on garden nasturtium in Brazil.

First Report of Turnip mosaic virus Infecting Brassica carinata (Ethiopian Mustard) in the United States.

Brassica carinata L. Braun (Ethiopian mustard) is an annual oil seed crop currently being evaluated for its potential use as a source of biofuel. Due to its high content of erucic acid, it provides a biodegradable non-fossil fuel feedstock that has many applications ranging from biofuels to other industrial uses such as polymers, waxes, and surfactants. Moreover, high glucosinolate content adds the scope of B. carinata being used as a bio-fumigant. B. carinata is amenable to low input agriculture and has great economic potential to be used as a winter crop, especially in the southeastern United States. Virus-like leaf symptoms including mosaic, ringspot, mottling, and puckering were observed on B. carinata (cvs. 080814 EM and 080880 EM) in field trials at Quincy, FL, during spring 2013, with disease incidence of >80%. A more extensive survey of the same field location indicated that mosaic symptoms were the most common. Viral inclusion assays (1) of leaves with a range of symptoms indicated the presence of potyvirus-like inclusion bodies. Total RNA extracts (RNeasy Plant Mini Kit, Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) from six symptomatic samples and one non-symptomatic B. carinata sample were subjected to reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays using SuperScript III One-Step RT-PCR System (Invitrogen, Life Technologies, NY), and two sets of potyvirus-specific degenerate primers MJ1-F and MJ2-R (2) and NIb2F and NIb3R (3), targeting the core region of the CP and NIb, respectively. The RT-PCR assays using the CP and NIb specific primers produced amplicons of 327 bp and 350 bp, respectively, only in the symptomatic leaf samples. The obtained amplicons were gel-eluted and sequenced directly (GenBank Accession Nos. KC899803 to KC899808 for CP and KC899809 to KC899813 for NIb). BLAST analysis of these sequences revealed that they came from Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Pairwise comparisons of the CP (327 bp) and NIb (350 bp) segments revealed 98 to 99% and 96 to 98% nucleotide identities, respectively, with corresponding sequences of TuMV isolates. These results revealed the association of TuMV with symptomatic B. carinata leaf samples. Although TuMV has been reported from B. carinata in Zambia (4), this is the first report of its occurrence on B. carinata in the United States. Considering the importance of B. carinata as a biofuel source, this report underscores the need for developing effective virus management strategies for the crop.

First Report of Turnip mosaic virus in Tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica) in California.

Tomatillo is an important vegetable in Mexican cuisine. It is of Mesoamerica origin and now is grown widely in the Western Hemisphere. In 2011, 2% of commercially grown tomatillo plants in San Benito County, California exhibited severe stunting with foliage showing mosaic symptoms and leaf distortion. The fruits on infected plants were mottled and unmarketable. Flexuous filamentous-shaped virus particles of 800 to 850 nm long and 11 to 12 nm wide were observed from sap of the symptomatic plants with a transmission electron microscope. Sap from the diseased tomatillo plants reacted positively in an immunostrip assay for potyvirus (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN), indicating a potyvirus was associated with the disease. The causal agent was mechanically transmitted from the diseased field plants to six virus-free greenhouse tomatillo plants and all inoculated plants induced identical symptoms. The causal agent was also transmitted to Chenopodium quinoa and C. murale (chlorotic local lesions) and Nicotiana clevelandii, N. tabacum, and Physalis wrightii (systemic symptoms). The disease was also transmitted to tomatillo plants by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) in a nonpersistent manner (1-min acquisition access period and 1-min transmission access period with no latent period). To further identify the causal agent, total nucleic acids were extracted by a cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) method (2) and tested by reverse transcription-PCR using potyvirus degenerate primers CIFor and CIRev (1). An amplicon of approximately 700 bp from the diseased tomatillo was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the 631-bp partial CI sequence (GenBank Accession No. JN601884) showed that the virus had 93.6% nucleotide identity and 100% amino acid identity with cognate regions of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) (GenBank Accession No. D10927). Our results indicated that the disease was caused by TuMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TuMV in tomatillo. Since TuMV has a wide host range and is readily transmitted by green peach aphids, TuMV could be a new threat to tomatillo production in California.

First Report of Turnip mosaic virus on Watercress in Brazil.

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale L.), a member of the family Brassicaceae, is consumed mainly as salad. Medicinal properties have also been attributed to this species. In Brazil, watercress is grown mainly by very small farmers. The crop is primarily seed propagated and growers can harvest several times per year in an established planting. Very few diseases have been reported in this crop worldwide. In Brazil, watercress infection by Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) (3), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) (1), and an unidentified potyvirus (2) were previously reported. In January 2009, 80% of watercress plants, cv. Gigante Redondo, exhibiting severe mosaic, leaf size reduction, and plant stunting were observed in a crop in Marechal Floriano Municipality, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Preliminary leaf dip analysis by transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of potyvirus-like particles. Sap from five infected plants reacted in plate-trapped antigen (PTA)-ELISA with polyclonal antiserum against Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), but not with antiserum against CMV. Both antisera were produced in the Plant Virology Laboratory, ESALQ/USP. Mechanically inoculated watercress plants developed similar systemic mosaic symptoms. The virus was also transmitted to Nicotiana benthamiana, which exhibited severe mosaic and stunting. The presence of TuMV on these inoculated plants was confirmed by PTA-ELISA and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Total RNA extracted from infected and healthy watercress and infected N. benthamiana was analyzed by RT-PCR using specific pairs of primers flanking the coat protein gene of TuMV. Degenerated anti-sense (5'-t/caacccctt/gaacgcca/cagt/ca-3') and sense (5'-gcaggtgaa/gacg/acttgat/ca/gc-3') primers were designed after analysis to an alignment of the nucleotide sequences for five isolates of TuMV available in the GenBank (Accession Nos. NC_002509, D10927, EU680574, AB362513, and D88614). One fragment of 838 bp was amplified from samples in the infected plants, but not in the healthy controls. Two amplicons were purified and directly sequenced in both directions. Comparisons of the 731-bp consensus nucleotide sequence (Accession No. HM008961) to several other isolates of TuMV revealed 94 to 95% identity in the coat protein region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TuMV in watercress in Brazil. Management of the disease should include propagation by seeds instead of vegetative parts of the plants and rouging of diseased plants to prevent mechanical transmission during successive harvestings.

First record ofTurnip mosaic virusinPachycladonspp. (Brassicaceae): an endangered native plant species in New Zealand

Pachycladon comprises nine native species from the South Island, New Zealand, including several threatened species. Virus-like disease symptoms were observed in a Pachycladon species collection. This is the first record of a virus in Pachycladon and a further report of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infections in New Zealand native hosts. This may be the first record of association between the aphid species Aulacorthum solani and Pachycladon.

First report of Turnip mosaic virus in horseradish in Brazil

FIG. 2 – A. Electron micrographs of flexuous filamentous particles, about 720 nm long, strongly decorated with specific antiserum against Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), note a dense halo surrounding particles; B. Dense laminar aggregates, scrolls and pin-wheel are observed in ultra-thin section of an infected horseradish mesophyll cell. Bars = 200 nm A B RESUMO Primeiro relato do Turnip mosaic virus em raiz-forte no Brasil Este trabalho relata a primeira ocorrencia do Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) em plantas de raiz-forte (Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb.) provenientes de cultivos comerciais no Estado de Sao Paulo. Ate entao, este virus somente havia sido descrito em especies do genero Brassica no Brasil.

First Report of Turnip mosaic virus in Pisum sativum in Spain.

During 2001 and 2002, Pisum sativum var. vulgare plants grown as commercial crops in Almeria (southeast Spain) showed vein clearing and chlorotic mottle of leaves, leaf deformation, flower abortion, necrotic mottle and deformation of pods, and stunted plant growth. Crude sap of collected plants was mechanically inoculated on healthy pea plants which reproduced symptoms observed in the field; local necrotic lesions were produced on mechanically infected Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, and Gomphrena globosa, systemic mosaic symptoms on Brassica napus and Nicotiana benthamiana, and local lesions plus systemic mosaic symptoms on N. clevelandii, which are all characteristic of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) (1). A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay using general primers for the extreme 3' end of the potyvirus genome amplified products of 750 and 1,700 bp in nucleic acid extracts from naturally infected pea plants as well as from the mechanically infected test plants. The overlapping nucleotide sequences of the products (GenBank Accession No. AJ489259) had a nucleotide sequence identity of 86.5% and a derived amino acid identity of 95.0% with several published sequences of TuMV (1). This report cites the first partial nucleotide sequence of TuMV infecting pea crops, and although natural infections of this virus in pea have been reported in Morocco (1976) and in the United States (2), to our knowledge, this is the first report of TuMV in Spain.