Report Card Research Articles

Abstract 4135629: Grades and trends from the 2024 United States Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

Background: Regular physical activity provides numerous health benefits including improved cardiovascular health. Population-level physical activity surveillance is critical for informing research, practice, and policy efforts for supporting population health and health disparities. The United States Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth addresses physical activity surveillance needs by integrating data from numerous sources capturing levels of physical activity and related behaviors (e.g., sedentary behavior, sleep), and facilitators and barriers for physical activity among United States youth. The 2024 Report Card is the 5 th and decennial iteration in the series, released October 2024. Methods: A Report Card Working Group was assembled under the auspices of the Physical Activity Alliance and National Physical Activity Plan. Members reviewed the evidence for 11 indicators using data from nationally representative surveys and assigned grades. Data were examined for the overall population and, when possible, by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability subgroups. A standardized grading rubric was used to assign a letter grade to each indicator ranging from A to F. Trends in key benchmarks over time were examined since the first report card (2014) or earliest available data. Results: Sufficient data were available to assign grades for 8 of the 11 indicators. The assigned grades ranged from B- to F, with overall physical activity levels earning a D- (Table 1). No indicators improved since 2014. Five indicators - overall physical activity, organized sport participation, active transportation, sedentary behaviors, and school - worsened since 2014. Conclusions: The compiled surveillance report indicates generally poor grades and concerning trends over the recent decade. These findings highlight opportunities to improve physical activity levels and resources for supporting cardiovascular health among United States youth. Policy approaches are needed to combat societal factors that interfere with physical activity. Gaps in data availability, specificity, and quality point to needs for improved surveillance to track impacts. The 2024 Report Card can be a tool for supporting advocacy of regular physical activity at the national and local level.

A Multicomponent Preventive Intervention in the Early Elementary Years: A Look at Academic and Social Adjustment Outcomes.

Cogent indicated prevention with young children at risk for early onset conduct problems needs to address multiple domains of influence in school and home settings. A multicontextual preventive intervention (MPI) spanning grades one and two was conducted in schools serving economically disadvantaged communities and evaluated separately for boys and girls. The cluster randomized design evaluated children nested within schools receiving either the MPI (6 schools), which consisted of after-school reading-mentoring, home-based family, peer coping-skills, and classroom components, or a control condition (6 schools) involving a school-wide conflict management program without targeted intervention. Drawn at the end of kindergarten based on elevated behavioral difficulties and first-grade attendance at one of the 12 schools, the two subsamples consisted of 193 boys and 171 girls (63% in households with annual income < $15,000; 95% Black children). Extensive fidelity data indicated that the MPI components were well implemented. The two post-intervention third-grade outcomes in this report are academic performance and social/behavioral adjustment. The analyses involved a linear mixed effects model controlling for school. The key finding for the male subsample was that the MPI produced greater overall and language-arts/reading achievement, measured by report cards for the entire third-grade school year, compared with the control group. MPI-control differences did not emerge for externalizing problems and social competence assessed via teacher and parent report. In the face of elevated risk and poverty, the study underscored the importance of contributions from community-based reading-mentors, positive and inclusive classrooms, and nurturing family contexts in achieving academic gains.

Development of the Joint Expeditionary Medical Officer.

The Uniformed Services University is known for its dual mission of preparing military medical officers for operational readiness and leadership roles. The Joint Expeditionary Medical Officer (JEMO) project is a novel internal program that was initiated in 2022 and aims to fortify and evaluate the essential Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs) within the School of Medicine's Molecules to Military Medicine curriculum that are pivotal for the development of a deployment-ready military medical officer. The JEMO-KSA program identifies and deliberately develops a core set of mission-critical skills during the course of students' undergraduate medical education. This helps ensure that Uniformed Services University graduates attain a strong foundational level of operational readiness across various military medical domains. Currently, 371 distinct KSAs have been integrated into the curriculum, with over 86% being assessed at different time frames. Over time, our goal is to present individual students with a customized JEMO "report card" depicting their readiness level; a document that could be updated and expanded throughout their military medical career. The JEMO project represents a significant stride toward optimizing the readiness of military medical officers by systematically identifying, strengthening, and assessing vital operational skills and abilities. With an ongoing commitment to excellence, the project envisages creating an even more robustly structured curriculum that is continually refined to address current operational readiness, setting a new standard for military medical education. While challenges such as accurately measuring the impact of integrated KSAs and continuously updating them to meet evolving military needs remain, the forward momentum associated with the JEMO project will help facilitate the development of military medical officers who have the KSAs to actively support mission success while simultaneously enhancing the overall effectiveness of military health care.

Program Pendidikan Kecakapan Hidup Bagi Anak Usia Fase A

Imam Al-Ghazali defined that education is the perfection of life in this world and the hereafter. Thus, humans who want to achieve perfection in life in this world and the afterlife must have religious knowledge. Religious knowledge is so important for provision in life, without religious knowledge humans can be said to be far from perfection. Apart from religious knowledge, life skills education is also very important for provisions in life. However, it is very unfortunate that many children who are teenagers or are about to enter puberty do not yet have mature life skills in terms of personal skills and social skills. From KPAI (Indonesian Child Protection Commission) data during January - November 2023, 37 children ended their lives. Self-harm behavior and attempts to end life are major global mental health problems due to their increasing frequency. This case occurred at a vulnerable age (grade 5-6 of elementary school), grade 1 or 2 of junior high school, grade 1.2 of high school. Another case related to juvenile delinquency is the incident involving the death of a student in Bogor which sadistically adds to the number of delinquencies among students. It also leaves a red report card for the world of education, because the sadistic incident was carried out by students. From this background, it is necessary to have a program that will strengthen children's life skills education from pre-adulthood, especially phase A, so that class children can be ready to live life in the next phases. This research uses the Research and Development (R&amp;D) method with the ADDIE model, namely Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. The program needs analysis was carried out by creating a Google form with a closed questionnaire which was distributed randomly to ten respondents. After the needs analysis, the researcher analyzed previous programs. There were two programs that the researcher used as a reference, namely the entrepreneurship program and the self-help program in an effort to increase independence. then the next step is to design the program, the programs prepared by the researchers are as follows: cookies (cooking with kids), market day, BTS (Bed Time Sirah), PKS (Student Independence Habits), PMO (Habits of Helping Parents) and CLMH (Love of the Environment and Living Creatures). After the program was prepared, it was validated by several experts including Islamic religious education experts, language experts and also child psychology experts. After going through expert validation, the program is implemented to users. After implementation, the final stage is to test the feasibility through evaluation. The feasibility test is carried out by experts by providing an assessment of the program being prepared. From the results of this feasibility test, it was found that this program was good and suitable to be applied to pre-age children, especially in phase A in the life skills education process.

Development and Usability of an Endoscopist Report Card Assessing ERCP Quality

Audit and feedback (A&F) for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is relatively understudied despite the demonstrated effectiveness of A&F for endoscopic procedures such as colonoscopy. Endoscopist 'report cards' are one A&F tool. We aimed to develop an ERCP report card and assess its appropriateness, acceptability and feasibility through usability testing. A prototype report card was designed using a combination of published quality indicators and established predictors of adverse events (AE). Exploratory analyses from a prospective multi-center registry were performed to further identify novel and/or understudied parameters for possible inclusion. Semi-structured interviews with ERCP endoscopists were conducted and framework analysis performed. Validated post-interview usability instruments were administered. Feedback was incorporated to create a final report card. The report card included domains of technical parameters, AE rates/prevention, and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs). Qualitative feedback was positive, with respondents agreeing with inclusion of relevant content in most domains. Post-interview instruments revealed adequate appropriateness and acceptability. PREMs were felt by respondents to be poorly actionable and were replaced with appropriateness of indication and fluoroscopy usage parameters in the final report card. Concerns were raised regarding the feasibility of implementation due to reliance on difficult-to-obtain granular intraprocedural data. We designed and tested an ERCP report card that has potential to be an effective A&F intervention for endoscopists in clinical practice. Though feasibility of data capture and implementation are currently limitations, advances in video recording and artificial intelligence technologies could accelerate widespread adoption of such a tool.

The Influence of the Learning Environment on the Learning Achievement of Students of SMK Negeri 1 Wajo

Learning achievement is the outcome achieved by students consisting of knowledge, skills and attitudes as a result of experience and education received individually. Success can be achieved through the learning activities carried out. Learning achievement is the level of success in learning, it is one way to measure how well students participate in education in school. Learning and the environment are two things that cannot be separated from each other, the learning environment is the place where learning takes place and externally affects the continuity of activities. This study discusses how the learning environment affects the learning outcomes of SMK Negeri 1 Wajo students. This research is quantitative showing cause and effect. The sample in this study is 90 samples with a simple random sampling technique. Data collection techniques are carried out using questionnaires, observations and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive data analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The results of the study show that the learning environment in the teaching and learning process of SMK Negeri 1 Wajo is in the "Good" category with 3 indicators in it, namely the school environment, family environment and community environment. Meanwhile, student achievement is in the "adequate" category based on indicators, namely the average student report card score. Based on the results of the product moment correlation test, the relationship between variables and the level of strong relationship

Abstract B071: Mothers Informed Lactation Knowledge and Support (MILKS): Addressing Cancer Disparities through Community Action

Abstract Purpose: The Mothers Informed Lactation Knowledge and Support (MILKS) project aims to increase breastfeeding initiation and duration in Aiken County, South Carolina, specifically among Black/African American (B/AA) and Hispanic women. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death from 2012-2016 in this county. Methods: In collaboration with the Aiken Maternal Health Workgroup, a community health needs assessment was conducted. Listening sessions, health data review, and an environmental scan were conducted. A community report card was developed to disseminate and identify intervention needs. Areas assessed include: knowledge of cancer prevention, breastfeeding resources, lactation consultant/peer educators, breastfeeding friendly employers, and community support. Results: Aiken Co. has a total population of 174,150, 37% of the population lives in rural areas, 24.7% are non-Hispanic B/AA, 6.3% are Hispanic, and 12% of the population is uninsured. The breastfeeding initiation rate is 77.2 % (64.3%, B/AA and 86.7% Hispanic), compared to 78.5 percent for South Carolina and 83.2 percent for the United States. Breast cancer 5-year incidence rate all women is similar between Aiken (124) and South Carolina (129) /100,000, and breast cancer mortality rate is higher in Aiken (25) vs. SC (22) / 100,000 age-adjusted population. B/AA women have a significantly higher rate of breast cancer incidence (98.0) and mortality (37.8)/100,000 than state and national averages. There is an inappropriate number of lactation consultants and peer educators – only 1 is available to a limited population in-person, 2 are available to WIC recipients virtually. The WIC office also has two peer counselor positions, both of which were vacant at the time of research. Community listening sessions (n=4) provided insight into language and cultural barriers in accessing breastfeeding resources. Specifically, Hispanic women expressed difficulties in finding culturally relevant information and assistance. Participants highlighted the importance of education, advocating for improved workplace accommodations, such as designated lactation spaces and flexible scheduling, to enable breastfeeding mothers to manage the challenges of returning to work while continuing to breastfeed. No one reported previous knowledge of cancer prevention through breastfeeding. A lack of social norms for breastfeeding was also identified. Conclusions: Recommendations based on the report card include expanding peer education programs, enhancing workplace support, and ensuring cultural and linguistic inclusivity in breastfeeding education and support, and cancer prevention resources. The next steps include implementing additional peer education programs in the community, with a focus on cancer prevention through education, screening, and community support. This project provides a replicable blueprint for addressing cancer disparity through community engagement and collaboration. Citation Format: Marlo Vernon, Brianna McIndoe, Ananya Chakraborty, Elinita Pollard. Mothers Informed Lactation Knowledge and Support (MILKS): Addressing Cancer Disparities through Community Action [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B071.

Pengukuran dan Evaluasi dalam Pembelajaran

Measurement and evaluation in education is a series of educational activities. Evaluation occurs afterthe learning process is complete or completed. Evaluation is used to find out about educationalactivities. When producing educational outcomes, quality comes first. The quality of a school oreducational institution can be determined by its parameters in terms of educational outcomes. Theresults of training activities can be in the form of grades written on report cards, report cards orcertificates. The results of the learning process are in the form of soft skills and hard skills, with theexplanation that assessments can be assessed in various domains: cognitive, affective and psychomotor.Students' skills after acquiring 'learning ability'; This can include reading, writing, speaking, andunderstanding scientific concepts from the material taught to students by the teacher. Evaluationmethods can include tests and evaluations. Measurements are carried out to determine quality inquantity without definition, while evaluations are carried out to determine quality with the help ofdefinitions so that measurements are carried out meaningfully.

PENGARUH MENGHAFAL AL-QUR’AN TERHADAP PENINGKATAN ASPEK KOGNITIF (Studi Kasus SMA Bustanul Ulum Jayasakti Anak tuha Lampung Tengah)

Memory ability plays an important role in achieving optimal results in cognitive aspects, especially in the context of education which is measured through learning achievement. One of the methods used to hone memory is through memorizing the Qur'an. A study was conducted to examine the effect of the ability to memorize the Qur'an on improving cognitive aspects in tahfidz class students at Bustanul Ulum High School in Central Lampung. The research method used was quantitative involving 33 participants. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires to assess the ability to memorize the Qur'an, and documentation of students' report cards. The results showed that the ability to memorize the Qur'an had a significant effect on improving students' cognitive aspects, with an R Square value of 29.7%. That is, about 29.7% of the improvement in cognitive aspects can be explained by the ability to memorize the Qur'an. Other factors outside the method of memorizing al-Qur'an also contribute to the increase.

The effects of the Daily Behavior Report Cards (DBRC) on the disruptive behavior and specific goal behavior of elementary school children: a multiple baseline design study

This study used a single-case design to investigate the effectiveness of Daily Behavior Report Cards (DBRC) in addressing elementary school children’s disruptive behavior. The study, conducted in a German elementary school, involved ten second-grade students identified by their teachers as exhibiting disruptive behaviors. The procedures included training teachers in the implementation of DBRC, setting specific behavioral goals for each student, and using the Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) to assess General Disruptive Behavior (GDB) and Specific Goal Behavior (SGB). The DBRC was implemented over 120 days, with daily monitoring and feedback provided to students. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in both variables. The data analysis was conducted using regression-based analyses and the Non-Overlap of All Pairs (NAP). This study confirms the effectiveness of DBRC in mitigating disruptive behaviors and achieving specific behavioral goals, thereby contributing valuable insights into the application of this evidence-based intervention within the German elementary school system. It also highlights the utility of the single-case design in educational research.

A personalized clinical assessment: multi-sensor approach for understanding musculoskeletal health in the frail population

BackgroundSarcopenia is a muscle disorder causing a progressive reduction of muscle mass and strength, but the mechanism of its manifestation is still partially unknown. The three main parameters to assess are: muscle strength, muscle volume or quality and low physical performance. There is not a definitive approach to assess the musculoskeletal condition of frail population and often the available tests to be performed in those clinical bedridden patients is reduced because of physical impairments. In this paper, we propose a novel instrumental multi-domain and non-invasive approach during a well-defined protocol of measurements for overcoming these limitations. A group of 28 bedridden elder people, subjected to surgery after hip fracture, was asked to perform voluntary isometric contractions at the 80% of their maximum voluntary contraction with the non-injured leg. The sensor employed before and/or during the exercise were: ultrasound to determine the muscle architecture (vastus lateralis); force acquisition with a load cell placed on the chair, giving an indication of the muscle strength; surface electromyography (EMG) for monitoring muscular electrical activity; time-domain (TD) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for evaluating muscle oxidative metabolism.ResultsA personalized “report card” for each subject was created. It includes: the force diagram (both instantaneous and cumulative, expected and measured); the EMG–force diagram for a comparison between EMG derived median frequency and measured force; two graphs related to the hemodynamic parameters for muscle oxidative metabolism evaluation, i.e., oxy-, deoxy-, total-hemoglobin and tissue oxygen saturation for the whole exercise period. A table with the absolute values of the previous hemodynamic parameters during the rest and the ultrasound related parameters are also included.ConclusionsIn this work, we present the union of protocols, multi-domain sensors and parameters for the evaluation of the musculoskeletal condition. The novelties are the use of sensors of different nature, i.e., force, electrical and optical, together with a new way to visualize and combine the results, by means of a concise, exhaustive and personalized medical report card for each patient. This assessment, totally non-invasive, is focused on a bedridden population, but can be extended to the monitoring of rehabilitation progresses or of the training of athletes.

Do Physicians Improve More from Positive or Negative Feedback?

We use clinical data on more than 240,000 surgeries and quasi-experimental methods to examine how physicians respond to the surprise release of a performance “report card.” Such feedback interventions are commonly used to encourage physicians to improve performance yet show limited evidence of success. Our results show that these limited effects mask heterogeneous behavioral responses to feedback valence. In particular, physicians improve more from positive feedback than from negative feedback, with negative feedback even reducing performance for a nontrivial share of patients. Experiments with laypersons replicate these results and show that struggles with negative feedback can be mitigated by giving incentives directly tied to improvement and by adding qualitative information that helps individuals interpret past performance. These results are consistent with behavioral models that suggest cognitive and emotional difficulties limit how well individuals use negative feedback. Thus, feedback interventions in healthcare should be carefully designed to mitigate these counterproductive behavioral responses. This paper was accepted by Ranjani Krishnan, accounting. Funding: We acknowledge generous funding provided by Tilburg University and the University of Massachusetts Amherst to run the laboratory experiments. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.01340 .

229 Evaluation of the Global Matrix of Para Report Cards on Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities

Abstract Purpose Physical activity provides a wide range of health benefits for children and adolescents with disabilities (CAWD). However, despite CAWD being at higher risk of physical inactivity, there is a lack of surveillance systems that capture physical activity data of CAWD. To address this gap, the Global Matrix of Para Report Cards on physical activity of CAWD was set up with 14 participating countries/jurisdictions (Ng et al., 2023) based on the methodology of the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance’s Global Matrix 4.0 (Aubert et al., 2023). This study aims to evaluate the process, outcome, and impact of the Global Matrix of Para Report Cards. Methods The evaluation was informed by the Global Matrix 3.0 evaluation process (Aubert et al., 2020). Process, outcome, and impact indicators were informed by online surveys, reports/publications, and website analytics of the special issue published in Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly. Results Two online surveys have been completed by 64-71% of targeted respondents. Moderate-to-high satisfaction rates were reported for the development of and participation in the Global Matrix initiative and open-ended comments reported issues (e.g., data availability, inconsistency in definitions) and positive feedback (e.g., networking/collaboration, visibility). The participating Report Card teams assigned and contributed a total of 139 physical activity grades—overall physical activity, organised sport, active play, active transport, physical fitness, sedentary behaviour, family and peers, schools, community and environment, government—to the Global Matrix of which 45% were incomplete. Twelve Report Card teams published a short Para Report Card article for their country. As of February 2024, &amp;gt;47,000 views have been recorded for the special issue comprising the Global Matrix and country Para Report Card articles. Conclusions This evaluation highlights the need for more discussion on the definitions of disability and benchmarks of physical activity indicators to improve the grading process and more support in accessing and synthesising data related to CAWD. These are important steps to support inclusion and representation of CAWD in (inter)national surveillance of physical activity and health.

PENANAMAN KARAKTER AKHLAKUL KHARIMAH (MORAL YANG BAIK) SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI SEKOLAH ALAM BANDUNG

This research aims to discover how Sekolah Alam Bandung instills the character of akhlakul kharimah (good morals) in elementary school students. This research used a qualitative approach with a qualitative descriptive method at the Sekolah Alam Bandung, with the research subject being the school principal. The research instrument used was an interview sheet, and the data collection techniques used were interviews and the study of curriculum documents used in schools, data analysis is carried out by means of data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The research results show that the Sekolah Alam Bandung has the same goal as schools: to educate the nation's life in an intellectual and moral context. However, what differentiates the Sekolah Alam Bandung from state elementary schools in general in instilling the character of akhlakul kharimah is in the learning process. The character of akhlakul kharimah is instilled using exemplary and habituation methods where the teacher becomes an example in implementing the learning, and evaluation is carried out by observation and reported in the groovy report card portfolio every semester. Apart from that, the main characteristic and the output produced using the motto "The most beautiful school in my life" makes Sekolah Alam Bandung produce happy students studying at school. It is hoped that this research can provide broader insight for readers regarding the moral character of elementary school students at Sekolah Alam Bandung and how the school instills them.

The influence of physical fitness on self-confidence and its impact on physical education academic achievement. A study on grade V school students

Background and Study Aim. Much of the crisis in the current education system is caused by students’ low physical fitness and self-confidence. This study aims to determine the effect of physical fitness on self-confidence and its impact on the academic achievement of Physical Education of Grade V Primary School students. Materials and Methods. This research is correlational. The subjects were Class V students in elementary schools, with a sample size of 115 students (66 males, 49 females, ages 10-12) selected through random sampling. Academic achievement was measured through Physical Education report card scores, physical fitness through the Indonesian Student Fitness Test (TKSI), and physical self-confidence through a self-confidence scale. Data analysis was performed using regression techniques via SPSS 21. Results. Physical fitness positively affected self-confidence (r = 0.259, p = 0.005 &lt; 0.05) and Physical Education academic achievement (r = 0.513, p = 0.000 &lt; 0.05). Self-confidence also significantly impacted Physical Education academic achievement (r = 0.519, p = 0.000 &lt; 0.05). Conclusion. Better physical fitness enhances students’ self-confidence and positively influences their academic performance in Physical Education.

The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Kinesthetic Intelligence, and Learning Motivation and Physical Education Learning Outcomes

This study aims to (1) Find out the relationship between emotional intelligence and Physical Education learning outcomes of grade V students. (2) Knowing the relationship between kinesthetic intelligence and Physical Education learning outcomes of grade V students. (3) Knowing the relationship between learning motivation and Physical Education learning outcomes of grade V students. (4) Knowing the relationship between emotional intelligence, kinesthetic intelligence, and learning motivation to the learning outcomes of Physical Education grade V students in Kretek District State Elementary Schools in Bantul Regency. This research is a quantitative descriptive research with correlation. The study population was fifth grade students in Kretek District State Elementary School in Bantul Regency which amounted to 355 students. The sampling technique used the Slovin Formula with a cluster random sampling approach, totaling 188 students. Instruments of emotional intelligence, kinesthetic intelligence, and learning motivation using questionnaires, and Physical Education learning outcomes using report cards. Data analysis is multiple regression test. The results showed that (1) There is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and Physical Education learning outcomes of grade V students, with a p-value of 0.000 0.05 and a contribution of 16.51%. (2) There is a significant relationship between kinesthetic intelligence and Physical Education learning outcomes of grade V students, with a p-value of 0.002 0.05 and a contribution of 13.94%. (3) There is a significant relationship between learning motivation and Physical Education learning outcomes of grade V students, with a p-value of 0.031 0.05 and a contribution of 11.15%. (4) There is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence, kinesthetic intelligence, learning motivation to the physical education learning outcomes of grade V students in Kretek District State Elementary Schools in Bantul Regency, with a p-value of 0.000 0.05 and a contribution of 41.60%.

The Urgency of Educational Reports for Data Based Planning

This study discusses the urgency of education report cards as an important element in data-based planning. Educational report cards have a crucial role in providing the information needed for effective decision-making in the context of data-based planning in the education sector. By analyzing and utilizing the data contained in education report cards, the planning process can be optimized to improve the overall quality of education. The data contained in education report cards is the main basis for implementing data-based planning, enabling the formulation of more targeted and effective policies to improve the quality of education. The method used in this study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. This study reveals the importance of education report cards in a data-based planning system as a key element to support the preparation of plans and strategies that are more efficient and oriented towards improving and increasing the quality of education.

Multifaceted Strategy That Improves Students’ Achievement of Entrustable Professional Activities Across Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences

ObjectiveTo outline an approach to help students achieve Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) entrustment during a sequence of Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs) by implementing longitudinal monitoring and individualized intervention and remediation strategies. MethodsUsing the recommended EPAs within the core APPEs (acute care, ambulatory care, community, institutional), students were expected to achieve entrustment on all EPAs by graduation. A longitudinal monitoring approach, using an “EPA report card,” was implemented to continuously identify students at risk of not meeting the EPA requirement of “Level 3” entrustment (perform with reactive supervision). Individualized interventions, including proactive outreach and in-sequence remediation, were incorporated into the APPE core and elective sequence to help ensure all students were entrusted by the end of APPEs without requiring further end-of-year remediation to graduate. ResultsFor the graduating classes of 2023 and 2024, 12% (8 of 69) and 16% (12 of 75) students, respectively, were identified as at risk of not meeting EPA entrustment. Proactive outreach, in-sequence remediation, or a combination of both strategies, were used to enhance learning and EPA performance. As a result, all students achieved “Level 3” entrustment on the deficient EPA(s) by the end of the APPE sequence. No student required further end-of-year remediation to graduate. ConclusionUtilizing a multifaceted strategy provided timely, real-world practice opportunities to improve the students’ achievement of EPAs across the APPE curriculum and decreased the need for end-of-year remediation and potential graduation delays.

A Discrimination Report Card

We develop an empirical Bayes ranking procedure that assigns ordinal grades to noisy measurements, balancing the information content of the assigned grades against the expected frequency of ranking errors. Applying the method to a massive correspondence experiment, we grade the race and gender contact gaps of 97 US employers, the identities of which we disclose for the first time. The grades are presented alongside measures of uncertainty about each firm’s contact gap in an accessible report card that is easily adaptable to other settings where ranks and levels are of simultaneous interest. (JEL C11, D22, J15, J16, J71)

Results from Chile's 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents

PurposeTo summarize the results of Chile's 2022 Report Card (RC) on physical activity (PA) for Children and Adolescents. MethodsChile's 2022 RC included ten core PA indicators common to the Global Matrix 4.0. Evidence from scientific articles, reports, and databases published between 2018 and January 2022 was included for each indicator. The data were collected and analyzed by a national scientific committee, which assigned letter grades (A to F) using a consensus based on benchmarks defined and revised by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. ResultsThe committee assigned the following grades: Overall PA, D−; Organized Sports and Physical Activity Participation, C−; Active Play, Incomplete; Active Transportation, D; Sedentary Behavior, D−; Physical Fitness, Incomplete; Family and Peers, D; School, C; Community and Environment, D+; Government, A−. ConclusionsChile's 2022 RC, like its previous versions, shows persistently low grades for most indicators. Overall PA remained nearly unchanged, while Community and Environment scored lower. Slight improvements were seen in Organized Sports, Family and Peers, and School Environment. While Chile has endeavored to increase children's activity levels, policies require implementation through a systemic, coherent framework to promote sustainable changes and reach a larger portion of children and youth.