Repong Damar Research Articles

Culture and local wisdom of the lampung indigenous people on the Pesisir Barat in the utilization of the Repong Damar Agroforestry System

Forest resources have a very important role in people's lives, both directly and indirectly. Agroforestry can be an interesting example in the production of timber and non-timber forest products. Agroforestry is an intensive land management system that combines forestry plants and agricultural plants to achieve optimal results, while still paying attention to aspects of land conservation and carrying out cultivation in accordance with the needs of local communities. Indigenous communities on the Pesisir Barat inherit the values of Repong Damar through unique management, which is based on local wisdom of the local area. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach using the research desk method. This study approach seeks to explore data from various sources as secondary data so that the main source of research data is obtained using the research desk method or Secondary Data Analysis (SDA) with qualitative data. Indigenous communities in Pesisir Barat Regency manage Repong Damar by applying traditional values, namely regulated through customary law, inheritance of Repong Damar, and values in managing Repong Damar as a guideline for not destroying forests and continuing to manage them properly. Therefore, granting utilization permits, collaborative implementation, partnerships, and cooperation in empowering indigenous communities through local culture and wisdom in utilizing agroforestry systems carried out around the Repong Damar customary forest can help maintain sustainability and the ecosystem within it.

Correlation Status of Cultural Significance Index to Characteristics of Krui Indigenous People as a Base for Repong Damar Conservation Efforts

Correlation Status of Cultural Significance Index to Characteristics of Krui Indigenous People as a Base for Repong Damar Conservation Efforts

Plant diversity under traditional agroforestry system of repong damar in Pesisir Barat District, Lampung Province, Indonesia

Abstract. Santoso T, Paridduar R, Bintoro A. 2023. Plant diversity under traditional agroforestry system of repong damar in Pesisir Barat District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4675-4683. repong damar, a traditional agroforestry system, benefits farmers and the environment; hence, it must be maintained. As a conservation endeavor and for long-term ecosystem management, repong damar's plant must be researched further. The study evaluated plant variety and composition in Pekon (Village) Pahmungan (PHG) and Pekon Negara Ratu Tenumbang (NRT) areas of Pesisir Barat Districts, Lampung Province, Indonesia, where both communities utilized repong damar for decades. The data was obtained systematically by marking 69 sample plots with sub-plots for different growth stages of 20 × 20 m for trees (S1), 10 x 10 m for poles (S2), 5 x 5 m for saplings (S3), and 2 x 2 m for seedlings (S4). A total of 56 species from 30 families were recorded in this study, which consisted of different life forms of trees (69.64%), shrubs (26.78%), and herbs (3.57%). Shorea javanica Koord. & Valet had the maximum IVI value in both study areas except for the S4 growth level. IVI values in PHM for S1, S2, and S3 were 136.41, 113.93 and 20.94, respectively. In NRT for S1, S2, and S3 were 89.25, 68.25 and 48.64, respectively. The farmers' preferences for Shorea javanica Koord and Valet are mainly caused by the fact that farmers have tapped its resin to provide their primary source of revenue, making them inherently dominant. Conversely, farmers neglecting Shorea javanica seedlings raises worries about its future viability, in addition to contemplating possible pests and diseases. Calculations of species diversity and evenness revealed moderate values and a generally even species distribution in both study areas. At the same time, Species richness calculation showed medium value and low in NRT. The three indices' values generate higher PMH ratings than NRT.

Repong Damar as a Mitigation Effort for the Ulun Saibatin Landslide Disaster in the Regency of Pesisir Barat

The background of this research is that Pesisir Barat Regency is prone to landslides, so that landslide disaster mitigation efforts are needed using the local wisdom of RepongDamar. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of RepongDamar in landslide disaster mitigation. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of the study describeRepongDamar's role in landslide disaster mitigation efforts includes the role of the canopy as a water reservoir, thereby reducing the amount of rainwater that reaches the ground. The second role is that large roots will have a grip on the soil which can reduce the possibility of soil movement and increase the shear strength of the soil. The third role, evapotranspiration plays a role in reducing soil saturation, so that water does not accumulate in the impermeable layer. The existence of RepongDamar will minimize the occurrence of erosion, because RepongDamar has woody trees that have strong roots such as damar, duku, petai, jengkol, teak and durian trees.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI DAN KEBERLANJUTAN REPONG DAMAR DI KECAMATAN PESISIR TENGAH KABUPATEN PESISIR BARAT

This study aimed to determine forming income, the income of farmer households, and the sustainability of repong damar at Pahmungan Village, Central Pesisir Subdistrict, West Pesisir District. The method used in this research was the survey method. Primary and secondary data were collected in this study. The Sampling used census sampling. The number of respondents consisted of 58 farmers of repong damar. This study took approximately two months, starting from March to April 2018. The results of this study indicate that repong damar farming provides benefits and was feasible to run based on the results of the R/C has a value of>1. The household income of repong damar farmers was IDR 48,657,130.03 per year, the largest contribution comes from on-farm income with a percentage of 85.10 percent. Repong damar farming at Pahmungan Village, Central Pesisir Subdistrict, West Pesisir District was considered sustainable from social, ecological, and economic aspects.Key words: household income, income, repong damar, sustainability.

Fauna biodiversity as one of Repong Damar forest health indicators

Repong Damar Pekon Pahmungan has a diverse fauna, especially primates. Primates have great benefits for forest sustainability, because the fruit seeds ingested by primates will help spread biodiversity and forest regeneration. The presence of primates can also be an indicator of forest health. The health condition of the repong damar forest is very influential on its sustainability so that one of the health indicators that can be used is biodiversity. Biodiversity of fauna can be identified by using the FHM (Forest Health Monitoring) method to determine the diversity and condition of its health status. Repong Damar has a diversity of primate fauna, namely long-tailed monkeys and gibbons found in cluster plots 3 and 5. Based on this, Repong Damar Pekon Pahmungan has poor forest health status.

Health identification of Shorea javanica Koord. and valeton in nursery

Shorea javanica Koord. and Valeton is an identity tree of Lampung Province. The dammar of this species, locally known as damar mata kucing (cat-eye resin). The population of S. javanica is mostly in Repong Damar and grows naturally in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. Within a decade, the damar mata kucing production was decreased. The threat of deforestation, land degradation, and the scarcity of regeneration were some of the causes. One of the important efforts that could be done was to procure quality seedlings in the nursery. Knowledge of the health condition of seedlings in a nursery is very important in supporting plant cultivation success. Plant insects and diseases were one of the determining factors. This study aims to determine the health of S. javanica seedlings in South Lampung Permanent Nursery, which Way Seputih Way Sekampung Watershed Management Center and Protected Forest manage. This seed health identification activity used the Systematic Random Sampling method with a sampling intensity of 10%. The samples obtained were carried out by identifying the type of damage, location of damage, and severity of all S. javanica seeds sampled using criteria and standards for crop assessment results according to the International Center’s Environmental Monitoring standards Assessment Program (EMAP). Based on the result of the research, from 100 seedlings of S. javanica that was observed 75% of seedlings are unhealth, and 25% of seedlings are healthy. Among the 75% unhealthy seedling, 2% were dead. The intensity of total attack is about 73%, the intensity of insect attack is about 41%, and disease attack intensity is 32%, with the highest attack severity 30-39%. The results showed that the live percentage of S. javanica seedlings was 98% which was in the very good category.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS POHON DI REPONG DAMAR PESISIR TENGAH DAN PESISIR SELATAN

Repong Damar is a form of hereditary since the days of the Dutch colonial government owned by the Krui Lampung people in the West Coast. Repong damar functions as a buffer zone in the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The flagship product from Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Indonesia found in Krui Pesisir Barat is Damar Mata cat (Shorea javanica). The management and use of resin repong can cause various types of plants. Damar reong found in the Regency of Pesisir Barat has very important benefits for life, and therefore it is necessary to act as a preservation effort for this repong damar to remain sustainable and continue to grow. One of the efforts made is to analyze the diversity of tree species that are in the resin dunk. This study aims to determine the diversity of tree species in the Central Pongir Pongon Repong Pahmungan and Tenumbang Pekon Coastal Equipment and to compare the diversity of tree species in the Central Pekon Pahmungan and South Pekon Tenumbang Pekon Coastal Areas. This research was conducted in August-September 2019 which is located in two locations, namely Tenumbang Pekon, Pesisir Selatan District and Pahmungan Pahmungan Tengah Pesisir Tengah District, Pesisir Barat District. The method used to determine the diversity of tree species using the plot line method where the determination of the plot starting point is done by Systematic sampling with random sampling. Analysis of the data to be used is the relative density (KR), relative frequency (FR), and relative closure area (CR). Importance Value Index (INP) = KR + FR + CR (Indriyanto, 2006). The Diversity Index used is the Shanon Wiener Diversity Index (H '). The results of the research that have been carried out there are 28 species of trees found in Pahonungan Pahmungan, Central Pesisir Tengah and 32 species found in Tenumbang Pekon, Pesisir Selatan District and Diversity of tree species in Pahonungan Pekm Tengah, Pesisir Tengah District, 1.86 and Diversity of tree species in Pekon Tenumbang. Pesisir Selatan District at 2.44.

ANALISIS KESEHATAN HUTAN REPONG DAMAR BERDASARKAN INDIKATOR PRODUKTIVITAS

Repong damar by the community around the forest is used as an economic support in order to increase income to meet their daily needs, because repong damar can create a series of other economic activities such as harvesting, transporting from gardens to villages, storing, sorting, and trasnporting to wholesalers in the Krui market. This study aims to determine the value of the indicator parameters of productivity and health status of the Repong forest in Pekon Pahmungan, Pesisir Barat. To get this goals, the stages include: determining the number of cluster plots, establishing FHM cluster plots in repong damar, collecting and analyzing data on productivity and final forest health values. The results of this study indicate that the repong damar forest in Pekon Pahmungan, Pesisir Barat Regency has a moderate forest health value based on productivity indicators. This affects the management of community forests in the future with the main function of the forest, namely production. By knowing the value of productivity and forest health conditions, managers can make appropriate forest management decisions..

Mapping of Damar Mata Kucing (Shorea javanica) Plus Trees in Repong Damar Penengahan Village, Karya Penggawa Sub District, West Pesisir Regency, Lampung Province

The distribution of seed and plus tree sources of damar mata kucing (Shorea javanica) in Repong Damar village is important to provide good quality of seeds. Currently, the existence of seed source of damar mata kucing is still unknown. Based on these conditions, it is necessary to mapping the seeds source or damar mata kucing plus trees. This study aims to analyze the plus tree map distribution using geographic information systems. This research was conducted using a survey method to determine the coordinates based on the growth location characteristics. Data analysis was performed using geographic information systems. The results showed that there were 24 plus trees (17.5%) of the total population studied and distributed in 3 location, namely east, north and west part. The plus tree distribution is mostly in the eastern part of 58.3%, the northern part is 20.8%, and the western part is 20.8%. The growth location conditions in the eastern part has a slope of 5 - 15%, with an altitude of 41 - 121 m.asl. In the western part it has a slope of 5 - 7%, with an altitude of 40 - 73 masl and the northern part has a slope of 5 - 15%, with an altitude of 35 - 174 masl.

Conservation of Damar Mata Kucing (Shorea javanica): A Review on the Aspect of Trade System

Damar mata kucing (Shorea javanica) is one of the non-timber forest products (NTFP)s that has been widely managed and utilized by local people around the Pesisir Barat Lampung Province. The majority of repong damar has been cut down, especially during the last 15 years. One of the reasons for decreasing community interest in managing repong dammar is the decreasing of dammar gum prices. This research aimed to analyze the market system of dammar cultivation in Pesisir Barat, Lampung Province. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the local community's knowledge, skill, and opinion in the trading channel. For further analysis, marketing margin and farmers' share were also used to analyze the price differentiation from the producer's level to the consumer's level. Based on the study results, there are three channels of the dammar gum market in Pesisir Barat Lampung. Most of the farmers (up to 85.71% of total) in Pekon Pahmungan use trading channels 1 and 2 to sell their harvested dammar. Meanwhile, based on the analysis of profit margin, it appears that farmers in channels 1 and 2 are trading actors that receive the lowest profit margin (IDR7,100 kg-1 and IDR8,100 kg-1) compared to trading channel 3 (IDR14,000 kg-1). Farmer's share obtained by dammar farmers in this study was 55.30% on channel 1, 52.20% on channel 2, and 76.80% on channel 3. Livelihood, limitation on capital, lack of information and networking, knowledge and abilities to tree management and harvested dammar, knowledge of another use of dammar gum, and the ability to use technology directly affecting farmers' position in the dammar gum trading system.

Monitoring agroforestry for REDD+ implementation using remote sensing data and geographic information system: A case study of Repong Damar, Pesisir Barat Lampung

Repong Damar is a unique practice of agroforestry found in Lampung that has a canopy structure nearly similar to that of natural forest. Apart from its uniqueness and important roles, effort to map and timely monitor the condition over Repong Damar is very limited. This research aims to analyze the most appropriate and accurate method for detecting Repong Damar using satellite images and to understand the historical change of Repong Damar cover. We tried to relate this effort to REDD+ potential implementation through agroforestry by estimating the forest reference level (FRL) of Repong Damar. Three methods of detection were used i.e. Object Oriented Classification (OOC), Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) and Vegetation Indices Classification (VIC). The most accurate method for detecting Repong Damar was the OOC. By using this method, time-series change of Repong Damar from 1990 to 2018 was determined. FRL was established by multiplying carbon stock of Repong Damar and the time-series average coverage area of Repong Damar from 1990 to 2015, i.e. 33,187,752 tC/yr. The emission performance of Repong Damar in 2018 was calculated from the total carbon stock of Repong Damar in 2018 against FRL. Repong Damar has emitted 1,485,378 tons of carbon in 2018.

Construction of Krui Community Knowledge on Repong Damar Culture in Lampung’s West Coast

The research context with the theme of the social construction of repong damar culture has been carried out in various fields of science. The research was also conducted in a variety of different perspectives and focus to produce different findings and theorizations. This research is considered important because it is in line with the current shift in the local culture that is currently happening a lot. In many ways, local culture is often positioned opposite the thinking of the younger generation who consider it outdated. This research was motivated by the repong damar culture that existed in Lampung’s Saibatin community, Pesisir Barat District, Lampung. Resin cultivation in Lampung society Saibatin has become a hereditary practice and lasts for generations. The practice of resin which has been around for a long time eventually became a habit that was very attached to the Saibatin Lampung community. The purpose of this study was to find out how the damar cultivation practices can be formed and what kind of social construction then made the practice of resin cultivation to survive today. This study uses a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. Also, this study also uses the theory of Social Construction from Peter L. Berger. Data collection techniques used in this study were interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study on the Social Construction of Repong Damar in Saibatin Lampung Community, Pesisir Barat District, Lampung showed that the practice of damar cultivation was formed around the beginning of the 1827s, which began with two main factors, namely after crop failure from cloves and pepper on the West Coast. Furthermore, the trigger for the emergence of this practice was also due to the actions of a trader who initially traded to Singapore while looking at market commodities that had high economic value. Upon returning the merchant to the West Coast, he recounted that gum resin had a high economic value which was sought after by traders from other countries as materials for making paints, cosmetics, and lighting. The Saibatin Lampung community then used the information and manifested the actions taken by traders by conducting large-scale resin cultivation. Subsequent developments, from the past until now several aspects make the practice of resin can continue to survive, including the existence of a process of habituation, legitimacy, and the process of socialization to the family and the environment.

Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan Dan Simpanan Karbon Pada Berbagai Tipe Penggunaan Lahan Di Kabupaten Pesisir Barat Provinsi Lampung

Vegetation is one factor that can decrease carbon accumulation in the atmosphere. The diversity of plant species in each land use has different abilities to absorb carbon in the atmosphere. This research was conducted in Pesisir Barat Regency of Lampung Province on 4 (four) types of land use, namely: (1) natural forest in Balai Kencana Resort, Bukit Barisan National Park (2) oil palm plantation in Pekon Marang, (3) coffee plantation in Pekon Suka Mulya, and (4) agroforestry of repong damar in Pekon Pahmungan. This reserach aims to analyze the diversity of plant species and to calculate the potential of plant carbon stock and carbon sequestration (above ground biomass) using alometric equations in various types of land use in Pesisir Barat Regency. The research method was vegetation analysis to learn about the diversity of plant species and calculation of carbon stock using alometric equations. The results showed that the composition of plant species in Bukit Barisan NP found 83 plant species belonging to 37 families, in the palm plantation found 9 plant species belonging to 8 families, in the coffee garden found 17 plant species belonging to 11 families, and in agroforestry of repong damar found 73 plant species belonging to 33 families. The total carbon stock potential was 376.16 ton/ha and carbon sequestrated. 1 257.20 ton/ha with the highest carbon uptake available at repong damar agroforestry site of 901.11 ton/ha.Keywords: aboveground biomass, carbon, diversity, pesisir barat regency

Carbon Stock in Repong Damar Agroforest at Pahmungan Village, Pesisir Tengah Sub-District, Pesisir Barat Regency

The area of Repong Damar in Pahmungan Village is a form of mixed forest ecosystem managed by local communities. The diversity of plant species in Repong Damar is expected to contribute on carbon sequestration at the atmosfer, therefore it was necessary to conduct research that aims to find out the structure and composition of vegetation as well as to determine the potential of carbon stock in Repong Damar. The research was used the Important Value Index method, allometric equations, and Completely Randomized Block Design. The result of this research showed that species of Damar Mata Kucing (Shorea javanica) has the highest dominancy in all of growing stage. This result was estimated because Damar Mata Kucing able to survive and develop them selves both on the environmental conditions. Repong Damar classified as forest which has high carbon stock that range between 174,22 up to 254,09 ton/ha so it can be categorized as forest with good condition. Potential of CO2 sequestrated that range between 639,37 up to 932,52 tons/ha. The results showed that none of the three classes of altitude had significant differences in carbon stocks because in all three classes of altitude still had the same environmental conditions. Keywords: carbon reseve, Pesisir Barat, Repong Damar.

DAMPAK PERLAKUAN PEMANASAN INOKULUM TANAH TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN EKTOMIKORIZA UNTUK MENGKOLONISASI AKAR Shorea javanica

Shorea javanica was a high dependent plant to ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, dealing with its growth. In Lampung Province, S.javanica standing stock have been hundreds of years, known as repong damar. It's threatened by some deforestation, such as forest fire. This study aimed to analyze the impact of heating on the ability of ectomycorrhizal colonization and analyze the effect of ectomycorrhizal inoculation on the growth of S. javanica . The experiment arranged by randomized complete design with 5 treatments, which were without inoculum, unheated inoculum, soil inoculums heat to 40 o C, 70 o C and 100°C for 24 hours. Soil inoculums are taken under S. javanica standing, at Krui, Pesisir Barat District, Lampung Province. The result analyzed by ANOVA and continued with LSD test. The experiment was conducted for four months. The results show that colonization ectomycorrhiza still existed up to 100 o C and ectomycorrhiza could enhance growth variables, including height, leaves number, leaf area, root length and root dry weight. The best colonization and growth were on 100 o C heating. The heat treatments seem killed some fungus. Only a few fungi could resist and colonize S. javanica roots. Without any competitors, the resist ectomycorrhizal could develop broadly.

Keanekaragaman Reptil Di Repong Damar Pekon Pahmungan Pesisir Barat (Studi Kasus Plot Permanen Universitas Lampung)

Repong Damar in Pahmungan village, West Coast Regency is a Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park buffers, plays an important role a national preservation zone. Reptile is one of fauna in Pahmungan, the research had to be done because there wasn’t available data abaut reptiles. The research was conducted on June 2015, the aim of this study was to know the Biodiversity of Reptile Species in Repong Damar, Pahmungan village West Coast (University of Lampung permanent plot case study), The method in this research was used Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method. The result showed, there are 15 reptile species from 7 families (N=323) and biodiversity index H’= 2,008 which included as average category and Index of evennessJ’= 0,927 which included as stable. Reptile species often encountered was Tachydromus sexlineatus, Eutropis multifasciata, Dasia olivacea, Draco obscurus, Draco volans,Gecko geckoand Hemidactylus frenatus(n=72, 54, 42, 38, 28, 28,27). Keywords: reptile, repong damar, visual encounter survey

Studi Kelompok Siamang (Hylobates Syndactylus) Di Repong Damar Pahmungan Pesisir Barat

Repong Damar in Pahmungan, West Coastal District is a buffer of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS). Repong Damar is one example of the success of agroforestry systems managed by local community that is still very traditional. This area was identified as a component of siamang (Hylobates syndactylus) habitat. The absence of data and the latest information about the siamang groups in Pekon Pahmungan were reasons of this research. The purpose of this research was to determine the siamang groups in Repong Damar, used concentrated area methode. The research was done on April 2015. The results showed that the existence of siamang group in Repong Damar Pahmungan were 4 individuals/group. The distribution of age classes in the individual phases of adult siamang were 2 individuals and the individual of adolescent phase were 2 individuals. The sex ratio in the adult age class phase was 1:1 and at adolescent age class phase was 1:1. Keywords: siamang, groups, repong damar

Peranan Sistem Repong Damar Terhadap Pendapatan, Asupan Makan Dan Status Gizi Balita : Studi Kasus Di Desa Pahmungan Kecamatan Pesisir Tengah Kabupaten Pesisir Barat

ABSTRACT Regions Special Purpose or KDTI (Ministry of Forestry decree No.47/Kpts-II/1998) Repong Damar indigenous forest area of 29,000 ha which is a best practice community-based forest management in the western part of Lampung Province yet known about its capacity to ensure the sustainability of human resource development primarily critical starting at the age of five or its called toddlers. This study was doing from March to April 2014 in the village of Pahmungan District of the West Pesisir. The purpose of this research is: Knowing the linkage between population and income damar tree tenure, household food expenditure, protein intake toddlers, health status and nutritional status of toddlers. Data acquisition was done through interviews to collect data ownership damar tree population, income, food expenditure, health status and food intake (food recall) as the basis for determining the toddler nutritional status of children is calculated by the method of anthropometry (Ministry of Health, 2010). Parameter optimization using the software Minitab 16. The conclusions has proven there is a real link between the role of damar agroforest system to income, health status, and nutritional status of toddlers. Found relations or real relationship between income of damar agroforest [YI] with a population of damar tree with a model [YI]i= -0.1770 +0.023150[PHN]i. Furthermore simultaneously discovered the real relationship between food expenditure (YII) with [YII] as illustrated by the model [YII]i= 1.1546 +0438 [YI]. Further simultaneously discovered the real relationship between protein intake toddlers [YIII] with food expenditure [YII] with the model [YIII]i= 17 012 +3703 [YII]. Keyword: Repong damar, income, health status and nutritional status of toddlers

Keanekaragaman Spesies Burung Di Repong Damar Pekon Pahmungan Kecamatan Pesisir Tengah Krui Kabupaten Lampung Barat

Repong Damar is a management system in cultivated area by local community of Krui. It has great biodiversity and plays an important role as avian natural habitat. This research was conducted to learn the diversity of bird species in Repong Damar using concentrated method in four different locations: area between padi field and forest, settlement area, opened damar forest, and damar forest. Three replications were done on each location. There are 16 birds species of 10 families (N=468). The highest diversity index was in damar forest (H’= 1.082), and the lowest was in opened damar forest (H’= 0.502).