Hydrated cation bridges, in which hydrated cations connect oil and rock by hydrogen bonds, are the primary reason for crude oil adhesion on the surface of rock in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs. How to cut off hydrated cation bridges is important for higher oil washing efficiency. As a hot topic, more and more attention has been given to the study of hydrated cation bridges in recent years, but the studies mainly worked on the formation mechanism, no effective way for destroying hydrated cation bridges has been reported. In this paper, the micro influence mechanism of cation exchange, cation shielding agents and hydrogen bond disrupting agents on hydrated cation bridges was explored via molecular dynamics simulation. The replacement of Ca2+ by Na+ can effectively weaken the hydrated cation bridges by changing the structure of hydrated cations between oil and quartz and reduce the force required to peel oil droplets off quartz by 51%. Because of the interaction between cation shielding agents (AO and EDTA) and Ca2+, the appearance of cation shielding agents can affect the hydration between Ca2+ and water molecules, and reduce the force required to peel oil droplets off quartz by 37% and 4.9%. Sodium glycolate, urea and guanidine hydrochloride, which can destroy the hydrogen bond network between oil and quartz by reducing the dipole moment and polarity of water molecules, can reduce the force required to peel oil droplets off quartz by 9.5%, 19.7% and 22.0%. This research aims to explore the efficient destruction method of hydrated cation bridges and provide theoretical support for the efficient development of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs.