Ash Replacement Research Articles

Holistic evaluation of ceramic clay properties with Sargassum spp. ash replacement

This paper aims to analyze the effect of adding sargassum ash as a mineral additive in ceramic clays sintered in a conventional oven to obtain construction materials with lower consumption of raw materials while providing an appropriate destination to stranded sargassum. The characterizations of the components were performed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, loss on ignition, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, and real specific mass. The specimens were sintered in an electric oven and exposed to maximum temperatures of 800 ºC, 900 ºC and 1000 ºC. The influence of 10 % and 20 % sargassum ash content on ceramic clay performance was evaluated through physical and mechanical tests. Samples with 10 % sargassum ash sintered at 900 °C and 1000 °C had the best mechanical properties. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used to compare ceramics with sargassum ash to other conventional materials, such as ceramic clay used in tiles. The high energy consumption in the sintering process is the greatest contribution to most environment impact. As such, it is possible to add 10% sargassum ash sintered at 900 °C as a clay replacement, reducing environment impacts and enhancing the performance of the materials.

Preparation and performance of sugarcane bagasse ash pavement repair mortars

Pavement rehabilitation is typically required to ensure the service life of the road and the safety of road traffic. Due to various environmental and loading factors, pavements can present degradation or failures along their length, such as cracks, fissures, deformations, and disintegration of the wearing course. One way to reapair these defects is by using sealant materials. The objective of this research is to design mortars with sugarcane bagasse ash as a substitute for sand for the repair of cracks in pavements. Compression, tensile, shrinkage, fluidity and adherence tests were carried out on mortar samples that varied their dosage with 0 %, 50 % and 75 % ash content as a substitute for sand. These tests allowed for the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of the samples, determining compressive strength values of 16.65 MPa, adhesion of 0.52 MPa, among others. The control mix 5 with a 50 % replacement of ash by sand (M5–50 %), obtained the best results under the criteria of each of the tests performed. This article also evaluates the environmental impact of construction materials using the established procedures, finding that considering sugarcane bagasse ash as waste, using recycled polypropylene fibers, and incorporating zeolite for carbon capture can reduce the carbon footprint of concrete by up to 50 % compared to baseline mixes.

Performance of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Alccofine and Fly Ash

The concrete used for the construction of a building is a mixture of cement, sand, fine aggregate, solid aggregate and water. Sometimes it is necessary to modify concrete structures according to need. In the mix it is used to change structures. Alccofine is a substance added to a concrete mixture in or immediately before mixing. There are many benefits from the use of alccofine such as improved quality, greater concrete strength, cracking control, acceleration and reduction setup, lower density and improved performance. The effect of alccofine varies generally with cement type, mixing rate and volume. Its output is known for displaying viscosity conversion features. In this particular study of alccofine and fly ash, the effectiveness of concrete is investigated. This study provides a detailed study of the impact of alccofine and fly ash for these purposes. Alccofine and fly ash material are readily available at a reasonable price. By mixing alccofine and flying ash at different percentages, tests should be performed to assess its effect on concrete materials including set time, performance, compressive strength and lightweight concrete.

The cracking risk of hardening concrete exposed to realistic curing temperature regimes and restraint conditions – Experimental investigations of important parameters

Early age cracking in hardening concrete can be evaluated using dedicated calculation methods. Such calculations require a wide selection of input parameters, e.g. autogenous- and thermal deformation, hydration heat evolvement, tensile strength, E-modulus, creep, cross-section dimensions, structural configuration (degree of restraint) and climatic conditions. However, several factors can affect these materials properties and input parameters, and hence the cracking tendency of the concrete. Over the recent years, early age cracking has been included in several research projects at NTNU. In this regard, various laboratory test programs on early age cracking have been performed, providing a comprehensive matrix of results and a unique opportunity for parameter studies on e.g., fly ash content, SRA-addition, aggregate type, cement batch, w/c-ratio, degree of restraint and climatic conditions. The laboratory tests comprise both mechanical testing and restrained stress tests in the Temperature-Stress Testing Machine (TSTM). The present compilation showed that in addition to the obvious effects of degree of restraint and climatic conditions, also several of the other investigated parameters had a considerable influence on the cracking tendency of the given concrete, e.g., cement-by-fly ash replacement caused a clear reduction of the cracking risk, while variations between different batches of the same type of cement highly influenced the strength, the heat evolvement, the AD development, and consequently also the cracking risk of the given concrete.

Influence of Fly Ash Dosage and Desert Sand Replacement Ratio (DSRR) on the Carbonation Resistance of Concrete

Carbonation of concrete causes corrosion of the steel reinforcement and reduces the service life of the structure. Based on the reality that fly ash discharge is increasing year by year and construction sand is becoming increasingly limited, it is of practical importance to study the effect of fly ash dosage and desert sand replacement rate on the carbonation resistance of concrete. Orthogonal test L9(34) with four factors and three levels was designed to study the influence of water-binder ratio, fly ash dosage, sand ratio and DSRR on carbonation resistance of desert sand concrete (DSC). The results of the orthogonal tests were analysed by range analysis and ANOVA and a comparatively better concrete mix ratio was given. Next, single-factor tests were designed to investigate the effects of fly ash and desert sand replacement rates on the carbonation resistance of DSC respectively. The regression model among carbonation depth, fly ash dosage and DSRR was established. The experimental results show that the carbonation depth of concrete with fly ash as a single variable increases with the amount of fly ash, increasing more rapidly in the early stages than in the later stages. As the DSRR increases, the carbonation depth of concrete with desert sand as a single variable first decreases and then increases and reaches its lowest value when DSRR equals 20%. When fly ash and desert sand are mixed into concrete simultaneously, the carbonation depth reaches minimum value on the condition that fly ash dosage is 10% and DSRR is 20%.

Use of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash and Rice Husk Ash as Blended Cement

The issue related to disposing the waste material from the industries becomes one of a major problem to the environmental, economic, and social issue. However, natural resources consume worldwide, while at the same time increased amount and type of waste material has resulted in a waste disposal crisis with a growing consumer population. In this project, Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) by-product which is bottom ash and rice husk ash were used as blended cement. This research paper is prepared to investigate the utilization of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash in blended cement and designed for the strength of 15 MPa at 28 days will be evaluated for its early-stage properties. Rice husk ash is used to reduce the amount of cement in mortar and it helps to increase the durability of mortar while keeping up consistent workability. The percentage of replacement in cement is by 0% (control), (5% rice husk ash + 10% bottom ash), (10% rice husk ash + 10% bottom ash), and (15% rice husk ash + 10% bottom ash) The result of this research indicates that 5% of replacement of rice husk ash with 10% of bottom ash shows highest compressive strength with 17.79 MPa with density 2080 kg/mɜ and water absorption of 5.18% at 28 days. This study proved that the addition of bottom ash can increase the durability, workability, and strength of mortar containing rice husk ash as a replacement for cement.

Feasibility study of compressed bricks utilizing rubber glove manufacturing residue

The demand of the rubber glove had increased significantly since early of the year 2020 due to the COVID-19 virus breakout especially in the medical and healthcare sector. Rubber Glove Manufacturing Residue (RGMR) is the by-product from the effluent treatment by coagulation process in the manufacturing procedure. Non-recyclable RGMR are disposed to landfill after treated. This research is aimed to reuse the RGMR in cemented interlocking bricks to address the natural resources depletion issues and greenhouse gases released from the burnt brick production. The comparison in terms of physical and mechanical properties was conducted in between RGMR and crumb rubber interlocking bricks (RIB). RGMR and crumb rubber were used as partial fine aggregate replacement by 10% while fly ash was used as a cement replacement material by 56%. Four mixes were tested, and the interlocking bricks were categorized as medium weight bricks. However, only control mix and RGMR-2 mix fulfilled the loadbearing masonry requirement of a minimum of 13.8 MPa. RGMR-2 utilizing 10% fine aggregate replacement using RGMR without cement replacement. As for the mixes utilizing fly ash and fine aggregate replacement, RGMR-1 mix and RIB mix show compressive strength of 12.15 MPa and 11.64 MPa respectively. Besides that, the use of RGMR reduced the water absorption compared to RIB mix due to the larger particle size of crumb rubber. The water absorption rate for RIB mix has exceeded the limit of water absorption for the medium weight bricks of 240 kg/m3. The finding indicates that the RGMR exhibited a better performance as compared to the crumb rubber.

Experimental Analysis of Partial Replacement of Glass Powder and Fly Ash with Different-Different Percentages of Cement to Improve the Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete

Abstract: The ordinary material for construction is concrete in India and its production causes some environmental effects during the production. There are many countries seeing deficiency of human dumping wastes or it’s becoming very serious day by day for each nation. In order to deal with atmospheric impact related with cement manufacturing and so there is a requirement to produce an alternative binding material for preparing concrete. The development of concrete could reducing the utilization of naturally occurring sources or lesser the load of pollutants on atmosphere. In current scenario, no. of researchers have recognized the uses of additional cementing materials like silica fumes, fly ash, glass powder, rice husk ash, blast furnace slag etc. It could also change the different properties of hardened and freshen state of concrete, and also contributing the financial system in constructional cost. Efforts put on the concrete construction to mix fly ash and waste glass powder as half substitute with cement .Now a days Glass used in different way in day-to-day life. As glass is non-biodegradable, landfills don’t provided an environmental eco-friendly resolution for dumping. Fly ash containing large amount of silica in comparison to cement. In current scenerio lots of industries producing more quantity of fly ash or its sold out very cheapest price in market. Glass is an inert material which could be recycled and used several times without altering its chemical property. Glass is an amorphous material which having high % of silica content. This property makes it probable pozzolanic property when its particles sizes is less than 75 mm. An important anxiety related to the uses of glass powder in concrete mix is that is chemical reaction happen among the alkali in pore solution and silica rich glass particle, which is called Alkali-Silicate. Reactions could be more harmful for the stability parameters of concrete, for this proper safety measure should be taken to reduce its effects. The addition of fly ash in glass concrete reducing the alkalies, silica reaction and improves the workability and durability of concrete. Unwanted glass powder is using for preparing concrete which leads environmental ecofriendly. The main purpose of this study is to find out effectiveness on durability of unwanted glass powder and fly ash based concrete. For analysis it was proposed that the uses of unwanted glass powder and fly ash as half substitution with cement in following proportion (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) in concrete mix. Compressive strengthening of cubes and flexural strengthening of beams at the interval of 7th, 28th days were considered and compared with the conventional concrete. The results showing the probability of using unwanted glass powder and fly ash as half substitution with cement in concrete. Keywords: Silica fumes, Blast furnace, Rice husk, Glass powder, Fly ash, Compressive strengthening, Flexure strengthening

Application of Dechlorinated MSWI Fly Ash in Asphalt Mixtures

The application of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) fly ash in asphalt mixtures is an efficient way to utilize fly ash. The feasibility of applying various kinds of dechlorinated fly ash in asphalt mixtures was comprehensively discussed in the study. The effects of types and amounts of dechlorinated fly ash on the performances of prepared asphalt mixtures were explored. Additionally, their environmental risks and economic values were further evaluated. The water absorption coefficient and porosity of fly ash-asphalt mixtures were respectively in the ranges of 0.15-0.5% and 3-4%, which met the application requirements of asphalt. The replacement of Raw Fly Ash (RFA) and Dechlorinated Fly Ash (DFA) improved Marshall stability, split strength, and Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) of asphalt mixtures. DFA realized the more significant improvements. The leaching concentrations of heavy metals in all the prepared asphalt mixtures were lower than the detection limit, indicating that there was no risk of leaching toxicity.

Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Sustainable Concrete Using Genetic Algorithm Assisted Artificial Neural Networks

Sustainable concrete which contains fly ash and slag is increasingly used in modern construction practices. This study presents a genetic algorithm (GA) assisted artificial neural network (ANN) model for evaluating the compressive strength of sustainable concrete. 425 mixtures are used for making the prediction system. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to generate the initial values of the weight matrix and bias of ANN. The input parameter of GA assisted ANN is water-to-binder ratio, fly ash or slag replacement ratio, sand ratio, and water contents. The output result is compressive strength. The correlation coefficients for single ANN and GA assisted ANN model are 0.88 and 0.911, respectively. GA assisted ANN model has a strong prediction ability for the strength of sustainable concrete.

Effect of Treated Sago Pith Waste Ash and Silica Fume to the Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Brick

This paper investigates the effect of partial replacement of fly ash with sago pith waste ash and silica fume in fabricating the geopolymer mortar concrete. The mixtures of geopolymer mortar concrete were prepared by replacing sago pith waste ash and silica fume at 5% of total weight of fly ash. There were six specimens of geopolymer mortar cubes and bricks fabricated in this study. The specimens are tested with compressive strength test, rebound hammer test and ultrasonic pulse velocity test. The results from the tests are compared with some existing published works as to clarify the effect of replacing the fly ash with sago waste and silica fume on the strength of concrete. Comparisons had been made and concluded that the molarity of alkaline solution, Al3O2 and CaO influenced the development of compressive strength along the curing time of fly ash based geopolymer concrete.

INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PAVER BLOCK MADE WITH EVA POLYMERS AND FLY ASH

The aim of the project is to replace cement with fly ash and course aggregate with Ethyl Vinyl Acetate (EVA) in paver block. In this thesis paver block design is by using cement concrete mixture of mix design M30 which is composed of 10mm coarse aggregate cement and fine aggregate (M-sand).In this thesis the cement is partially replaced with fly ash and partial replacement of EVA with coarse aggregate in paver block at various level of 5, 10, 15, and 20 percentage of its weight. The paver block curing process is done for 7days and 28days. After curing it is checked for its compression strength, water absorption test and densitytest.

Experimental Studies on Compressive Strength of Aerated Concrete with Varying Percentage of Aluminium Powder

Today the disposal of various by-product materials is a concern against the environment, these are producing due to rapid industrial growth in our country. Most of the researchers are focused on the utilization of these by-products in the civil engineering construction industry. By using these by-products, on one hand, will protect the environment and other hands the disposal problem will be solved. Day by day the requirement of building materials increased due to urbanization, due to this more raw materials are required and depleted the natural resources. In this contest, environmental protection is need to protect incremental temperature in nature. To avoid these problems of the modern era, aggregation of these by-products can be used as one of building material and to overcome this situation, Aerated concrete is one of the solutions by reducing the raw material quantity in concrete like sand and cement by introducing air without compromising in the volume. Day to day aerated concrete has become popular due to lightweight and high insulation against temperature and sound. This concrete is using in high raised buildings to reduce the self-weight of building to protect during earthquake situations. In this experimental study mainly performed the compressive strength of aerated concrete with replacement of sand by quarry dust. Also reducing the cement content with replacement of fly ash, GGBS and lime powder at various percentages that is ranging. the performance of aerated concrete was observed more satisfactory when compared with and without replacement of above-saided materials.

Performance of concrete modified with SCBA and GGBFS subjected to elevated temperature

This research paper presents the outcomes in terms of mechanical and microstructural characteristics of binary and ternary concrete when exposed to elevated temperature. Three parameter were taken into account, (a) elevated temperature (i.e., 200, 400, 600 and 800°C) (b) binary concrete with cementitious material sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) replacement percentage (i.e., 0, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) and (c) ternary concrete with cementitious material SCBA and GGBFS replacement percentage (i.e., 0, 15, 20, 25 and 30%). A total of 285 standard cube specimens (150 mm × 150 mm ×; 150 mm) containing Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), SCBA, and GGBFS were made. These specimens then exposed to several elevated temperatures for 2 h, afterword is allowed to cool at room temperature. The following basic physical, mechanical, and microstructural characteristics were then determined and discussed. (a) mass loss ratio, (b) ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) (c) physical behavior, (d) compressive strength, and (e) field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). It was found that compressive strength increases up to 400°C; beyond this temperature, it decreases. UPV value and mass loss decrease with increase in temperature as well as the change in color and crack were observed at a higher temperature.

Review on Replacement of Amorphous Silica Ash for Cement

Review on Replacement of Amorphous Silica Ash for Cement

“Light transmitting concrete by using optical fiber and partial replacement of sugar cane ash”

“Light transmitting concrete by using optical fiber and partial replacement of sugar cane ash”

Leaching Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste with Mineral Admixtures in Deionized Water

Abstract In order to obtain the influence of mineral admixtures such as fly ash and slag on the leaching resistance of cement-based materials in water environments, a conventional leaching experiment on the slice specimens with pure, binary, and ternary cement pastes immersed into deionized water was performed. The dissolved calcium concentration, porosity, microstructure, calcium–silicon ratio (Ca/Si), and phase composition of the specimens were characterized by using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid titration, saturation-drying weighing, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X ray diffraction analysis. Results show that more fly ash mixed in the blended cement paste results in lesser dissolved calcium concentration in the solution, slower microstructure deterioration, lower porosity increment, and smaller Ca/Si decrease, while the optimum content of fly ash is 40 %. The partial replacement of fly ash with slag in the binary cement paste can improve its microstructure and slow down its leaching process. The ternary cement paste with 20 % fly ash and 20 % slag has an optimum leaching resistance exposed to deionized water.

Flow and Strength Properties of Masonry Cement Mortar Containing High-Volume Fly Ash

Masonry mortar is one of the mostly used building materials in construction industry; as nearly all walls made with bricks are finished with mortar. This mortar is generally made with cement and sand. Conventionally masonry mortar with fly ash are often made with Ordinary Portland Cement. In this study, mortar mixes were made by replacing the masonry cement up to 50% of fly ash with an increment of its content by 10%. Six mortar mixes with 1:4 volumetric cement-to-aggregate ratios using natural sand were then tested to obtain the flow and strength properties. The results found that the masonry mortars incorporating with fly ash had superior properties as compared to the mortar without ash content (control specimen). The addition of fly ash increases the flow, particularly when the replacement content was above 40%. Mortar with high volume fly ash has also shown to attain a comparable strength with that of the control mix. Considering a better workability and acceptable strength properties, the results demonstrated that high volume replacement of fly ash is a viable alternative for producing environmental friendly masonry cement mortar.

An Experimental Study on Properties of Concrete using RHA and RFA as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate and Fly Ash as a Cement

An Experimental Study on Properties of Concrete using RHA and RFA as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate and Fly Ash as a Cement

Experimental Investigations on Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash, Silica Fume and Partial Replacement of Sand with Quarry Sand in Concrete

Experimental Investigations on Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash, Silica Fume and Partial Replacement of Sand with Quarry Sand in Concrete