Replacement Of Components Research Articles

Data Masking for Chinese Electronic Medical Records with Named Entity Recognition

With the rapid development of information technology, the electronification of medical records has gradually become a trend. In China, the population base is huge and the supporting medical institutions are numerous, so this reality drives the conversion of paper medical records to electronic medical records. Electronic medical records are the basis for establishing a smart hospital and an important guarantee for achieving medical intelligence, and the massive amount of electronic medical record data is also an important data set for conducting research in the medical field. However, electronic medical records contain a large amount of private patient information, which must be desensitized before they are used as open resources. Therefore, to solve the above problems, data masking for Chinese electronic medical records with named entity recognition is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the text is vectorized to satisfy the required format of the model input. Secondly, since the input sentences may have a long or short length and the relationship between sentences in context is not negligible. To this end, a neural network model for named entity recognition based on bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) with conditional random fields (CRF) is constructed. Finally, the data masking operation is performed based on the named entity recognition results, mainly using regular expression filtering encryption and principal component analysis (PCA) word vector compression and replacement. In addition, comparison experiments with the hidden markov model (HMM) model, LSTM-CRF model, and BiLSTM model are conducted in this paper. The experimental results show that the method used in this paper achieves 92.72% Accuracy, 92.30% Recall, and 92.51% F1_score, which has higher accuracy compared with other models.

Fourier-Optics Based Opto-Electronic Architectures for Simultaneous Multi-Band, Multi-Beam, and Wideband Transmit and Receive Phased Arrays

Current trends in wireless communications require a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) to support an ever-increasing number of antennas, wider bandwidths, multiple frequency bands, and many simultaneous beams. This is a tall order when considering all-electronic implementations, especially when operating at high carrier frequencies. We describe here Fourier-optics based opto-electronic architectures that include analog and fully connected transmit (TX) and receive (RX) implementations that support simultaneous multi-band, multi-beam phased arrays where optical up- and down-conversion are used to generate IF/RF and RF/IF, respectively, signals for simultaneous multi-user and multi-beam transmission and reception over a wide range of frequencies. The proposed lens-based architectures have the ability to transmit and receive multiple distinct beams simultaneously even when only analog beamforming is performed, thus greatly simplifying the tasks of cell search and initial access without having to resort to complex matrix-based beamforming networks. Additionally, lens-based TX and RX beamforming is performed in the analog optical domain with zero power consumption and negligible latency bounded only by the time the light takes to travel through the lens. Photonic signal processing also reduces the number of RF components required at the remote radio unit (RRU) and the number of costly and power-hungry high-performance analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog converters (ADCs/DACs) required. The optical subsystems are ultra-wideband and frequency agnostic as only the front-end components (antennas, amplifiers) are RF frequency/band specific. Therefore, a single photonic system design may be operated at any band and, furthermore, existing installations may be modified/upgraded to operate in different bands with minimal component replacements needed. Finally, the presented architectures provide near unlimited beam-bandwidth product (BBP) with minimal power requirements and no external cooling. Theoretical analysis and experimental confirmation of the proposed architecture will both be reported, including a receiver with a nominal BBP of 36 GHz with a prototype system that consumed less than 300 W, thus yielding a power efficiency of beam formation of 8 W/GHz, which is more than a 6× improvement over the current state of the art.

Rotary-percussive drill bit condition prediction using traditional feature engineering and neural network-based feature extraction

Condition monitoring of replaceable components in underground drill rigs using machine learning is a difficult task, as the operating conditions may vary considerably between each hole. To model this nuanced data with acceptable performance, feature extraction must be performed, either by field experts or using automated machine learning architectures. This work compares the use of traditional feature extraction techniques to neural network-based automatic feature extraction for a rotary-percussive underground hydraulic drill rig. A dataset was created for the purpose of predicting the condition of drill bits with tungsten carbide button inserts, and consists of both operational pressures, as well as signals from an accelerometer and a microphone. Two feature extraction approaches are compared using data collected under controlled operating conditions. The first approach uses traditional features including kurtosis, FFT features, and wavelet features. Feature selection and bit condition prediction are performed using a Random Forest model. The second approach uses neural networks to automatically extract features from raw data. Convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks are used in the automatic feature extraction approach. The traditional feature extraction approach is sufficient for binary classification of bit condition, while the automatic neural network-based feature extraction approach is superior when prediction is scaled up to a more complex multi-class problem.

Experimental and numerical assessment of a steel frame equipped with Dissipative Replaceable Bracing Connections

In the last decades, high priority has been given by the research community to the development of low-damage structures, and reparability has become fundamental for minimizing the environmental and economic impact of reconstruction. In this context, the European Research Fund for Coal and Steel (RFCS) project DISSIPABLE was carried out, with the aim to test large-scale structures where the dissipation is concentrated on replaceable components introduced in the structure. In this paper, the performance of a six-storey braced steel frame with dissipative systems is analysed. The capacity of withstanding seismic actions relies on Dissipative Replaceable Bracing Connections (DRBrC), used for the brace-column joints. The energy dissipation is ensured by wide hysteresis loops experienced by DRBrC, whose configuration enables an easy replacement after a medium-high intensity earthquake. Results of a wide experimental test campaign on full-scale structures and numerical analyses on refined models are presented and compared. In particular, experimental data were used to validate and to calibrate the simplified numerical laws used to represent the cyclic performance of the dissipative components and it was proved the effectiveness of using a simplified formulation from both a theoretical and a practical point of view.

Utilization of Mortar Waste as Environmentally Friendly Construction Material Replacement to Support Sustainable Development Goals

Due to its numerous advantages, concrete has become the most utilized construction material globally. However, concrete production causes environmental issues due to the high demand at each batching plant. Yogyakarta’s ready-mix concrete factory generates 60 m3 of waste mortar monthly without further processing. This research examined the mortar waste as a replacement component for other valued construction materials, such as repair mortar, structural components, and rigid pavement, to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) No. 9 and 11. Several laboratory tests were conducted, encompassing grain size analysis, specific gravity, water absorption, mud content, and water content. The user survey aims to understand the perspective and acceptance of using mortar waste as a construction material. Due to the test parameters not exceeding the required threshold, the results unveiled that the mortar waste could be applied as aggregate replacement in construction materials from an environmental perspective. In addition, the survey results expressed positive responses from potential material users.

Perawatan Kompresor Udara Guna Menunjang Olah Gerak Kapal MV. CHARLOTTE

The purpose of this study is to detail the main causative factors of reservoir water tank issues that lead to delays in operating the main engine. The data analysis method used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results show that the reasons for the compressor malfunction during the maneuvering of the MV. Charlotte include broken piston rings, damaged compressor cylinder head gaskets, leaks in high and low-pressure valves, and compression leaks in the compressor. The solution involves shutting down the compressor, closing the intake/outlet valves, removing the connecting rod bolts, replacing the piston rings, conducting a running test, cleaning the cylinder head surface, applying liquid gasket, and ensuring no leakage after installation. It is important to check and ensure the cylinder head bolts are tightened according to the manufacturer's manual. Additionally, shutting down the compressor, opening the valves, and performing skimming or replacing damaged components are necessary. Energy savings can be achieved by improving the compressed air system, which can reduce operational and maintenance costs. Compressor efficiency can be enhanced by using automatic controls to regulate compressor operation as needed and maintaining the system's air pressure as low as possible to minimize leakage. The conclusion emphasizes that efforts to ensure the compressor functions properly during ship maneuvers include repairing or replacing compressor components when damage is identified. If repairs are not possible, component replacement must be carried out immediately without delay.

Correlation study of physical and mechanical properties of concretes with crushed LCD glass

The need to increase the sustainability of the construction industry is leading to the search for alternative sources of raw materials. Liquid crystal display (LCD) screens have been used for many years and are also rapidly ageing as a result of fast development. Therefore, the use of waste from LCD screens is an interesting avenue for the construction industry. This paper presents a very practical study of the use of old LCD screen of ground material to replace various fine aggregates. Fifteen concrete mixes of different strength levels and with different amounts of LCD powder were prepared. These are C20, C25, and C35 grade concretes, all of which contain LCD powder in quantities ranging from 15% to 60%. Results of density, compressive strength, and tensile strength at 7 and 28 days after concreting. The results are correlated with the number of replacement components and are also correlated with each other. The data presented to improve our understanding of the practical application of LCD waste aggregate in concrete. The results show that the amount of LCD powder has a direct linear effect on the compressive strength and also a direct lognormal effect on the tensile strength of concrete.

A Mobile Augmented Reality Application for Automotive Sparepart Installation

Automotive exterior spare parts retailers frequently sell exterior spare parts for a range of cars via direct sales transactions and online media. A major issue has come up for consumers who purchase products online must install spare parts independently, with limited instructions that make it difficult for customers to install the replacement components. This is demonstrated by nearly 50% of online consumers complaining to the seller about installation errors, indicating the need for a solution to these issues. Augmented reality was used as a solution to educate how to install automotive exterior spare parts. In this work, the Spatial Tracking technology is utilized to project objects from a viewpoint in order to send data digitally and show the 3D model to the object's surrounds in real time. This study included as samples rear-view mirrors, headlights, stop lamps, and fog lamps. According to the study's findings, The user acceptance test was carried out by online consumers who buy spare parts at the store, and the results of the average percentage score of the entire questionnaire by more than 53% agree and strongly agree that the use of augmented reality can ease the spare-part installation bought online, the results of testing the AVAR application by the user are successful and well accepted.

A Mobile Augmented Reality Application for Automotive Sparepart Installation

Automotive exterior spare parts retailers frequently sell exterior spare parts for a range of cars via direct sales transactions and online media. A major issue has come up for consumers who purchase products online must install spare parts independently, with limited instructions that make it difficult for customers to install the replacement components. This is demonstrated by nearly 50% of online consumers complaining to the seller about installation errors, indicating the need for a solution to these issues. Augmented reality was used as a solution to educate how to install automotive exterior spare parts. In this work, the Spatial Tracking technology is utilized to project objects from a viewpoint in order to send data digitally and show the 3D model to the object's surrounds in real time. This study included as samples rear-view mirrors, headlights, stop lamps, and fog lamps. According to the study's findings, The user acceptance test was carried out by online consumers who buy spare parts at the store, and the results of the average percentage score of the entire questionnaire by more than 53% agree and strongly agree that the use of augmented reality can ease the spare-part installation bought online, the results of testing the AVAR application by the user are successful and well accepted.

Seismic assessment of a new resilient coupled shear wall

An effective approach to designing a resilient structure following an earthquake is to incorporate reinforced concrete coupled shear walls in the system that consist of replaceable components. A prior experimental study has shown that the damage in such an innovative coupled shear wall is mainly concentrated in the replaceable components which comprises replaceable dampers in coupling beams and replaceable corner components in the wall. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the seismic fragility and collapse safety of three buildings of varying height (seven, eleven and fifteen stories) with the proposed resilient coupled shear walls using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). Finite element models are developed of a conventional system with coupled shear walls and the new system with replaceable components and validated by comparing simulated results with experimental findings. The exceedance probability of different performance levels is estimated and the collapse performance, such as collapse patterns, collapse margin ratios and probability of collapse are discussed and compared. Findings from the study indicate that the system with the new resilient coupled shear wall has a significantly lower probability of collapse than buildings with traditional coupled shear walls.

Study of replaceable and static properties of assembled steel coupling beams with different connection modes

To improve the seismic energy dissipation capacity and quick recovery capacity of buildings, the use of replaceable components is a key research area in the field of earthquake engineering, of which the design and performance of replaceable coupling beams are one of the focuses of the research. To study the influence of connection modes on the replaceability and mechanical properties of a replaceable steel coupling beam after an earthquake, three types of connection modes for an I-section energy-dissipating beam have been designed in this study. They are the lug plate-bolt group connection (CB1), end plate-bolt group connection (CB2), and end plate-bolt-shear key connection (CB3). Full-scale model replacement tests of replaceable steel coupling beams with the three types of connections were carried out. Furthermore, a real-time 3-dimensional attitude model was developed to assess the replaceability of a coupling beam after an earthquake. In addition, full-scale model static load tests and finite element simulations of the coupling beams were carried out. The mechanical characteristics, such as the bearing capacity, stiffness, and failure mode under monotonic static loading, have been analyzed. The results of the replacement test show the following. The maximum replaceable residual shear angles of the energy-dissipating beams with CB1, CB2, and CB3 are 0.008 rad, 0.007 rad, and 0.01 rad, respectively. Of the three types of connections, the operation of replacing CB3 is the easiest. The results of the static load test and the finite element simulation show the following. The connection modes of the energy-dissipating beams and the nonenergy-dissipating beams have a great influence on the stiffness of the coupling beams and some influence on the deformation capacity of the coupling beams. However, the types of connections have no obvious influence on the bearing capacity of the coupling beams. According to the comprehensive comparison, the plastic deformation of CB3 is more concentrated on the web of the energy-dissipating beam, and the safety reserve of the connecting joint is higher, which shows that the design of CB3 is better than those of CB1 and CB2.

Design for Disassembly combined with augmented reality for optimization of maintenance processes

This paper is intended to offer a cue for optimizing a generic disassembly process for maintenance purposes. Through the use of a cutting-edge technology such as augmented reality, a key tool that makes it immediate to tell operators what they need to do, this can be made possible as never before within companies. A first aim of the work is to define the optimal disassembly sequence that can lead to the extraction of a target component of the assembly minimizing the number of parts to be removed, applying two methodologies within the framework of Design for Disassembly. Thus, the most important goal is to show and teach to maintenance technicians which steps they should follow in order to efficiently carry out the repair process built on that sequence so that they can work on a product while learning in parallel what they need to do exactly at the same time. This could be useful in case a component replacement becomes necessary especially because nowadays it is still performed inefficiently and lacks a rigorous logic and methodology aimed at its efficiency in companies.

Numerical-experimental study on the compressive behaviour of repaired composite panels

Barely Visible Impact Damages (BVID) caused by impact phenomena during maintenance and in-service missions can be a critical issue for composite structures. BVIDs may induce delaminations and intra-laminar damages, which can considerably reduce stiffness and strength of composite laminates leading to component replacement or repair.This work is aimed to numerically and experimentally investigate the mechanical behaviour of a repaired aeronautical composite stiffened panel subjected to compressive loading conditions. A numerical activity has been performed by introducing Finite Element models in the ABAQUS FEM environment with the aim to numerically simulate the mechanical behaviour of the investigated stiffened panel configuration. Indeed, a pristine panel configuration and a repaired panel configuration have been numerically modelled. In the repaired configuration a stepped bonded patch has been used to simulate the repair process. Then, an experimental testing activity has been performed on the repaired stiffened panel configuration and experimental data have been compared to results obtained from the numerical studies for model validation purposes. The validated numerical model has been used to perform a sensitivity analysis on the compressive behaviour of repaired stiffened panels with patches to assess the influence of stacking sequence and sizes of the repair patches on the panel's mechanical behaviour. Although other components are involved in the tightness of the repair patch, the work proved that the stacking sequence of the patch play the main role in the effectiveness of the process in recovering the mechanical performances and overall behaviour of the component.

Renovating Modern Heritage

The post-war building stock is increasingly being transformed. Even at objects protected as listed heritage, renovation usually results in a high degree of material exchange and replacement. This is especially the case in regard to historic curtain wall constructions. Based on the case study of the Commerzbank High-rise and original planning documents by Gartner, the paper focuses on the applied strategy of disassembling and reassembling the curtained aluminium sandwich elements, and the resulting upgrading of the original façade with a newly installed interlayer for insulation. The paper discusses the possible transfer of this strategy, which largely depended on the existing high quality of the aluminium components, their corrosion-resistant properties and low weight. The case study of the former Commerzbank High-rise indicates that a long-term preservation of post-war modern building stock can be achieved without wholesale replacement of original building components. The reuse of existing materials and components represents a promising approach.

Analysis of Polyethylene-Related Revisions After Total Ankle Replacements Reported in US Food and Drug Administration Medical Device Adverse Event Database.

There are 2 general types of total ankle replacement (TAR) designs with respect to the polyethylene insert, mobile-bearing (MB) and fixed-bearing (FB) TARs. The aim of this study is to compare polyethylene-related adverse events (AEs), particularly revisions, reported for MB TARs and FB TARs using the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. A text mining method was applied to the medical device reporting (MDR) in the MAUDE database from 1991 to 2020, followed by manual reviews to identify, characterize, and describe all polyethylene-related AEs, including revisions, reported for MB and FB TARs. We found 1841 MDRs for MB (STAR Ankle only) and 1273 MDRs for 40+ FB TARs approved/cleared by the FDA. For the MB design, 33% (606/1841) of the AEs reported related to the polyethylene component, compared to 24% (291/1273) of the AEs reported for FB designs. Polyethylene fractures were reported in 11.3% (208/1841) for the MB designs compared to 0.2% (2/1273) for the FB designs. Half of the polyethylene-related revisions occurred within an average of 4.1 years after implantation for the MB design compared within an average of 5.2 years for FB designs. Analysis of this database revealed a higher proportion of reported polyethylene fractures and greater need for earlier revisions for polyethylene-related issues with use of the primary MB design in the database as compared with FB TAR designs. Further study of device-related complications with more recent designs for both MB and FB ankle replacement components are needed to improve the outcomes of total ankle replacement. Level III, retrospective comparative study.

Enhancement of seismic damage endurance of large-span lattice shells with replaceable fuse-type components

Most large-span public buildings in highly seismic regions are supposed to play the role of post-earthquake emergency relief centers or shelters, in addition to their original functions. As one type of commonly-used structural systems in those buildings, large-span lattice shells are required to retain some post-earthquake seismic damage endurance. To reach this goal, a new replaceable bi-functional stiffness-damping component with the use of low-yield point (LYP) steel element is developed. To determine the placement of fuse-type components in lattice shells rationally, the plastic limit theory of equivalent continuum shell is employed for the classification of primary-secondary structural systems. The proper proportion of fuse-type components and their connection constraints with primary structural system is further clarified by an accompanied parametric study. The assessment on seismic damage endurance and reserve strength of lattice shells with fuse-type components is finalized with the residual seismic capacity ratio and seismic damage model proposed previously. The effectiveness of the proposed seismic damage endurance enhancement strategy for lattice shells with the use of replaceable fuse-type components is fully demonstrated on a case study on a 121.5m-span single-layer Kiewitt lattice shell. In this study, the effects of layout of fuse-type components, V/H ratio and spectral characteristics of ground motion, LYP yield strength, normalized length of ‘fuse’ elements are identified from the aspects of ultimate earthquake resistance, the maximum nodal displacement, seismic damage development, residual seismic capacity and reserve strength. • A seismic damage endurance enhancement strategy for lattice shells is proposed. • A new replaceable fuse-type component using low-yield point steel is developed. • Fuse-type components are replaced using the equivalent continuum shell theory. • Four performance regions are divided by relation between RSC and reserve strength.

Modular Measurement System for System-Efficient ESD Design on System and Component Level

For the electrostatic discharge (ESD) characterization of components or systems, complex measurements of voltages and currents are required. The measurements are then used to characterize, model, and verify simulations. Both physical damage and upset are expected; however, performing these experiments on evaluation boards is often not suitable since the required current and voltage ports are not integrated. Furthermore, repeatedly reworking the integrated circuit (IC) will quickly destroy the evaluation board. A new modular experimental platform was therefore developed to flexibly perform such complex measurements. The modularity greatly simplifies measurements and allows for replacement of damaged components. The system consists of injection modules, such as universal serial bus (USB) and sub miniature version A (SMA) connections, excitation modules, such as a transmission line pulse and an ESD generator, modules for voltage and current measurements for characterization of transient voltage suppressor diodes and ICs, modules carrying passive channels, and active modules for the ICs being characterized. As active parts, which serve as device under tests, a set of USB 3.1 repeaters, controller area network (CAN) bus, and radio frequency (RF) front-end ICs are added to individual modules. The modules themselves, their characterization, and usage are explained in this article.

Development of Resource-Saving Biotechnology for the Production of a Feed Additive from Distiller's Wastes with Probiotic Properties.

The trend towards an increase in ethanol production on a global scale and the tightening of restrictive measures regarding the disposal of by-products from production increases the relevance of research in finding ways to process them. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a feed additive containing dried stillage fermented with pre-immobilized cultures of Lactobacillus pontis 67, Lb. casei 22, Lb. paracasei 104 when finishing steers. The dose of inoculum (3.0%) of a liquid probiotic drug based on the consortium Lb. pontis 67, Lb. casei 22, Lb. paracasei 104 was determined, cultivation time 24-30 hours at a bacterial titer of 10-10 CFU/ml, and the characteristics of fermented stillage and a feed additive based on it were established. Studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of finishing when using fermented wheat stillage on the qualitative characteristics of the carcass of 13-month-old Kazakh white-headed steers on finishing. The studies were conducted in 2 groups: control and experimental (13% fermented stillage). The experimental group showed higher indicators of average daily gain (Р<0.05), carcass weight, and slaughter yield (P<0.05). According to the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that the replacement of protein components of compound feed with stillage in an amount of 10% and a probiotic drug based on the bacteria Lb. pontis 67, Lb. casei 22, Lb. paracasei 104 in an amount of 3.0% contributes to an increase in weight gain when finishing steers by 9.1±0.3 kg, average daily gain by 417±2.0 g, and slaughter yield by 3.1±0.2% compared with the control group (P<0.05).

Embodied carbon emissions in buildings: explanations, interpretations, recommendations

What is embodied carbon and why is it a significant challenge for clients and designers in the real estate and construction sector? It is the sum of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that arise in the life cycle of a building during manufacture and construction (upfront), maintenance and replacement of building components (recurrent), as well as dismantling and waste processing (end of life). Currently, the relative and absolute share of embodied carbon in the life cycle of a single building is growing and becoming a dominant factor in the case of energy-efficient buildings. For example, for new buildings, it can represent more than 50% of life-cycle carbon. Against this background, embodied carbon is becoming an object of assessment not just in research but also in design and decision-making. It also becomes a key action to reduce GHG emissions. Embodied carbon assessment and reduction are being increasingly mandated in national regulations. Clients and designers (as key actors in the supply chain) can harness new knowledge and tools to reduce embodied carbon as part of a strategy to reduce overall GHG emissions. Appropriate methods, data, benchmarks and tools are being further developed and operationalised to support the processes for specifying and designing low carbon buildings. An overview is presented of the state of knowledge and current developments. Constructive recommendations are provided for actions that clients and designers can take. <em><strong>Key findings</strong></em> <ul><li>From the perspective of a single building’s life cycle, the proportion of embodied carbon is around 50% on average for new energy-efficient buildings. From a macro-economic perspective, approximately 10% of global energy-related CO₂ emissions are attributable to the embodied emissions of buildings.</li><li>Designers can influence and assess embodied carbon according to related design targets in the client’s brief and/or legal requirements.</li><li>A trade-off between operational and embodied carbon is typical, but possibilities exist to optimise both sides.</li><li>Embodied carbon can be reduced by selecting low carbon construction products and/or reused building components.</li><li>Further possibilities are the revitalisation of existing buildings, the extension of their service life, the minimisation of useable areas (sufficiency), as well as the optimisation of buildings and their components.</li><li>With good design, it is possible to construct low embodied carbon buildings with little or no additional costs, and even generate economic benefits.</li></ul>

Exergy and Thermoeconomic Analyses of a Carnot Battery System Comprising an Air Heat Pump and Steam Turbine

In this study, exergy and thermoeconomic analyses were performed on a Carnot battery system (CBS) comprising an air heat pump and steam turbine. The Carnot battery technology employed in this study stored electricity as heat for 10 h during night-time, when electricity prices were low, and generated electricity for 10 h with power output of 500 MW during the day, when electricity prices were relatively high. The roundtrip efficiency and the energy density of the CBS were approximately 0.37, and 150.0 MJ/m3, respectively. When the unit cost of electricity supplied to the heat pump system was approximately 23.0 USD/GJ, that of electricity produced by the steam turbine was approximately 70.8 USD/GJ. The thermoeconomic results indicate that the changes in electricity cost flow rate relative to the reference value can be used as an indicator to make purchasing, replacement, and research and development decisions for specific components of the CBS.