Repetitive Operation Research Articles

Hydrogen detecting characteristics of a palladium nanoparticle/indium gallium oxide based sensor

An investigation and analysis have been conducted on a newly developed chemiresistive-type sensor to detect hydrogen gas. The studied senor is synthesized with an indium gallium oxide (IGO) thin film formed by RF magnetron sputtering and palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation. The utilize of Pd NPs can significantly improve the sensing response and sensing speed for hydrogen gas. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are employed for the analyses of the relevant structure, element, and composition properties. The sensing mechanism for hydrogen gas is elucidated in this work. In this experiment, the studied Pd NP/IGO sensor exhibits an ultra high sensing response SR of 1.39×107 under 1% H2/air gas at 300°C.. The studied sensor can be operated at room temperature with a significant SR of 304.3. Besides, the studied sensor shows good repetitive operation performance. Hence, the studied Pd NP/IGO structure offers a great potential for the development of hydrogen sensing applications with outstanding performance.

Digitalization of Accounting: Implementation Features and Efficiency Assessment

The digitalization of accounting processes offers significant benefits, including increased efficiency and reduced errors in accounting data. However, the successful implementation of new and modernization of existing computer programs in the accounting system requires consideration of cost, technical, professional, and managerial factors. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of qualitative and quantitative parameters that can form the basis for making decisions on the integration of automated accounting data processing, robotic process automation, artificial intelligence, blockchain, or their combinations into existing systems for the full digitalization of accounting. The integration of software robots and artificial intelligence into accounting systems offers various benefits related to the creation of a non-standard environment where the generation, transfer, and exchange of traditional accounting information is accelerated and improved through the integration of data from other management systems and databases. These improvements contribute to the efficiency and reliability of the automated accounting system. The introduction of software components such as robotic process automation and artificial intelligence helps to free accounting staff from the routine of repetitive operations and ensures automatic prioritization and sequencing of accounting registration in the digital space. Integration of bots into an automated accounting system also facilitates document sharing and provides remote automated monitoring. This increases interaction between departments and improves control over operations that require additional attention from managers.To assess the effectiveness of such software solutions, the authors critically evaluate existing approaches to determining the qualitative indicators that are expected to be obtained after the introduction of software innovations and propose to supplement the performance criteria with quantitative indicators, among which are the time-saving ratio in document processing, the error rate and the resource-saving ratio. In conclusion, this study substantiates the need to consider quantitative parameters and coefficients that can be used to assess the effectiveness of implementing software solutions in automated accounting systems for the digitalization of financial information. The results emphasize the need for a holistic approach to assessing the effectiveness, reliability, and security of these solutions. Improved technical knowledge and training of accounting professionals in security assessment are crucial for the successful implementation and use of digitalization of accounting systems.

Dynamic muscle fatigue assessment using s-EMG technology towards human-centric human-robot collaboration

Human-centric human-robot collaboration (HHRC) allows seamless collaboration between humans and robots to fulfill flexible manufacturing operations in a shared workspace while maximizing operator autonomy and well-being toward optimal team performance. Therefore, assessing and monitoring an operator’s physical health, specifically fatigue, is paramount to maintaining a comfortable working environment. However, current fatigue assessment models are not suitable for characterizing the fatigue profile of target muscle groups against repetitive dynamic manufacturing operations non-invasively. To solve this problem, we created a theory for quantifying localized muscular fatigue by just understanding the relative task load and the number of repetitive operations the operator conducted. This was achieved by an experimentally proved multivariable linear relationship between localized muscular fatigue, task load, base muscle strength, and number of repetitive operations for an operation type via s-EMG technologies. We also showed the procedures for developing a personalized muscle fatigue profile for a variety of assembly operations via specialized s-EMG experiment design and measurement. This simple fatigue measurement mechanism allows us to constantly monitor operator fatigue via just monitoring repetitive operations conducted using non-invasive sensors, e.g., cameras. We also provide a framework for integrating our work for online fatigue monitoring in a human-robot collaboration system.

Survey on File Trace: Efficient File Tracking System

An organization's information flow can be managed and tracked with the use of a file tracking system, which is a software-based solution. It is a crucial tool for companies that produce a lot of papers and need to make sure they are available, safe, and simple to find. By automating the administration of their papers, businesses can make sure that they are kept in a centralised location and are accessible to authorised staff. The system assigns a unique identifier to each document, making it easy to locate and retrieve information quickly. File tracking systems also provide features such as version control, which allows users to track changes made to documents over time. This feature is particularly useful for businesses that need to maintain compliance with industry regulations and standards. One of the key benefits of a file tracking system is the ability to automate routine tasks, such as routing documents for review and approval. The system can be configured to automatically notify users when a document is ready for review or when changes have been made to a document. Finally, file tracking systems can help organizations to ensure the security of their documents. The system can be configured to restrict access to sensitive documents, ensuring that only authorized personnel can view or edit them. In summary, For companies that produce a lot of documents, a file tracking system is a crucial tool. It offers a central location for papers, automates repetitive operations, enhances communication, and protects data. By implementing a file tracking system, organizations can streamline their document management processes and improve their overall efficiency.

Parallel or Cross? Effects of Two Collaborative Modes on Augmented Reality Co-located Operations

Augmented reality (AR) can bring a new interactive experience to the collaboration between users. When users are in the same place, there are two modes of joint operation for the same object: parallel-work (PW) and cross-work (CW). PW means two users perform their tasks, while CW means assisting each other. To investigate the difference that collaboration using PW and CW in an AR environment brings to users, we developed a two-person local collaboration system, LoCol. We designed and conducted user experiments by selecting the tasks of adjusting the virtual model of the assembly and adding missing boundaries in the model. The results showed that CW led to a higher sense of social coexistence while reducing workload. In terms of task completion time and accuracy, CW and PW each had advantages. We found that users generally want to reduce unnecessary repetitive operations and frequent movement by working with others. This is likely an important criterion for determining who is better suited for a particular job in either approach.

A Miniaturized Sealed-Off Double-Gap Pseudospark Switch for High Power and High Repetition Rate Pulsed Discharge Applications

Pulsed power systems can deliver high peak power in a micro/nano-second timescale to various loads in scientific and industrial applications, whose performances are significantly influenced by the pulsed discharge switch. This paper presents the development and comprehensive tests of a miniaturized sealed-off pseudospark switch. The structure of double-gap and multi-channel is adopted to achieve the high hold-off voltage and high current capacity. In single pulse tests, the influence of pressure in the switch is analyzed. As the pressure increases, values of multiple parameters decrease, like self-breakdown voltage, trigger delay, and voltage dropping time. In a wide pressure range, trigger jitter is below 3 ns, and the minimum is < 1 ns. At low pressure, the transient voltage across two gaps becomes inconsistent, and two types of current quenching are observed, which are related to processes occurring on cathode surface. In repetitive pulse tests, the direct repetitive operation is up to 3.5 kHz while higher repetition rate is limited by the trigger system. In double-pulse tests, the maximum repetition rate can be higher than 8 kHz for 40 kV pulsed voltage. Meanwhile, the insulation recovery speed is higher at lower pressure, and as the time delay between two pulses increases, the second pulse breakdown voltage increases nonlinearly. In high current tests, the switch is also used in metal wire explosion experiments and operates at the condition of 30 kV/40 kA for more than 104 shots without performance degradation. Further lifetime tests point out that the switch can work for >106 shots stably at moderate current. Experiments prove that the designed switch has superior performances including high hold-off voltage (>50 kV), low jitter (<1 ns), high repetition rate (>3.5 kHz), high peak current (>40 kA), long lifetime (>106 shots) and miniaturized size.

Prospects of using CRM systems in Ukraine under modern conditions

CRM, or Customer Relationship Management, is a set of tools and strategies that businesses use to manage their relationships with existing and potential customers. It has become an integral part of business operations for many organizations since its introduction in the early 1990s. With recent technological advancements, CRM systems have seen a significant transformation over time. This article has explored how these changes have occurred, explored the features offered by today's CRM systems, and identified some of the key challenges along the way. The growth of competition, the development of the goods and services market has led to changes in approaches to customer service, as well as to the need to involve the latest IT solutions in the customer service process. In addition, after the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the issue of changing the vector to domestic providers of CRM systems became relevant. Today, CRM systems have also begun to change as a result of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The increasing availability of data, the need to automate repetitive operations, and the need to offer personalized experiences at scale are the trends driving this movement. Personalization and predictive analytics help identify potential growth opportunities, improve the efficiency of tasks such as sales forecasting or lead scoring through automation that reduces human error, and provide valuable insights into customer behavior and preferences that can be used to personalize the customer experience, which leads to increased customer loyalty. Customer relationship management systems are necessary for Ukrainian enterprises to be competitive. CRM solutions simplify sales processes, facilitate better teamwork and offer a deep understanding of customer behavior.

The IFMIF-DONES remote handling control system: Experimental setup for OPC UA integration

The devices used to carry out Remote Handling (RH) manipulation tasks in radiation environments address requirements that are significantly different from common robotic and industrial systems due to the lack of repetitive operations and incompletely specified control actions. This imposes the need of control with human-in-the-loop operations. These RH systems are used on facilities such PRIDE, CERN, ESS, ITER or IFMIF-DONES, the reference used for this work.For the RH system is crucial to provide high availability, robustness against radiation, haptic devices for teleoperation and dexterous operation, and smooth coordination and integration with the centralized control room. To achieve this purpose is necessary to find the best approach towards a standard control framework capable of providing a standard set of functionalities, tools, interfaces, communications, and data formats to the different types of mechatronic devices that are usually considered for Remote Handling tasks. This previous phase of homogenization is not considered in most facilities, which leads towards a costly integration process during the commissioning phase of the facility.In this paper, an approach to the IFMIF-DONES RH Control framework with strong standard support based on protocols such as OPC UA has been described and validated through an experimental setup. This test bench includes a set of physical devices (PLC, conveyor belt and computers) and a set of OPC UA compatible software tools, configured and operable from any node of the University of Granada network. This proof-of-concept mockup provides flexibility to modify the dimension and complexity of the setup by using new virtual or physical devices connected to a unique backbone. Besides, it will be used to test different aspects such as control schemes, failure injection, network modeling, predictive maintenance studies, operator training on simulated/real scenarios, usability or ergonomics of the user interfaces before the deployment. In this contribution, the results are described and illustrated using a conveyor belt set-up, a small but representative reference used to validate the RH control concepts here proposed.

A Low-Complexity Beam Selection Algorithm for Two-Dimensional Beamspace Massive MIMO

To mitigate the huge investment in radio-frequency devices and associated high power consumption of modern base stations, the beamspace multiple-input multiple-output (B-MIMO) has become a promising solution at an expense of acceptable performance degradation. Facing the increasingly high data throughput demand, two-dimensional (2D) massive B-MIMO systems with beams steering over both elevation and azimuth angles have been developed recently. However, with such a large number of beams available for wireless communication, effective beam selection for multiple users in three-dimensional (3D) space remains technically challenging. In this letter, low-complexity suboptimal beam selection schemes are investigated to overcome this difficulty. By avoiding massive and repetitive matrix-vector product operations in the beam selection procedure through specifically designed linear algebraic calculation strategy, a lower complexity is achieved. Numerical simulations and theoretical analyses demonstrate the proposed methods have around <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> times speedup compared to state-of-the-art beam selection approaches, where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of users.

Ferroelectric Ternary Content Addressable Memories for Energy-Efficient Associative Search

A fast and efficient search function across the database has been a core component for a number of data-intensive tasks in machine learning, IoT applications, and inference. However, the conventional digital machines implementing the search functionality with repetitive arithmetic operations suffer from the energy efficiency and performance degradation due to the significant data transfer between the storage and processing units in the Von Neumann architecture. Ternary content addressable memories (TCAMs) are an essential hardware form of computing-in-memory (CiM) designs that aim to overcome the data transfer bottlenecks by implementing the parallel associative search function within the memory blocks. While most state-of-the-art TCAM designs focus on improving the information density by harnessing compact nonvolatile memories (NVMs), little efforts have been spent on optimizing the energy efficiency of the NVM-based TCAM. In this article, by exploiting the ferroelectric FET (FeFET) as a representative NVM, we propose an NOR-type 2FeFET-1T and an NAND-type 2FeFET-2T TCAM designs that enable highly energy-efficient associative search by reducing the associated precharge overheads. We then propose a hybrid ferroelectric NAND-NOR (HFNN) TCAM design to further improve the energy efficiency. An HFNN-based segmented architecture is proposed to reduce the search delay and energy by search operation pipeline. Evaluation results suggest that the proposed 2FeFET-1T, 2FeFET-2T and HFNN TCAM design consume <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.03\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> , <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8.08\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> , and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$226.92\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> less search energy than the conventional 16T complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) TCAM, respectively. Application benchmarking shows that our proposed 2FeFET-1T/2FeFET-2T/HFNN TCAM can save, on average, 45.2%/50.6%/57.5% the GPU energy consumption as compared to the conventional GPU.

A Low-Complexity Joint Compensation Scheme of Carrier Recovery for Coherent Free-Space Optical Communication

In this paper, a low-complexity joint compensation scheme of carrier recovery (JCSCR) for coherent free-space optical (CFSO) communication is proposed. We applied the carrier recovery joint compensation approach to a CFSO communication system in the quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation format. A signal-preprocessing stage, which effectively avoided the repetitive operations found in traditional carrier recovery schemes, was proposed. Unlike in existing carrier recovery algorithms, the modulated phase of the received signal could be accurately removed using only the sum and subtraction of real absolute values in the signal-preprocessing stage, greatly reducing the complexity of the operation. Since this algorithm avoids the traditional fourth operation, the system’s complexity is reduced while additional noise generated by fourth cross-terms would be prevented and system noise immunity would be greatly enhanced. In addition, this algorithm uses joint compensation of phase errors in the final compensation stage, further reducing the complexity of the computation of the whole algorithmic scheme. A 10 Gbps QPSK CFSO communication transmission experiment was conducted in an atmospheric turbulence channel to verify the proposed technique and improvement in receiver sensitivity.

Distributed Localization Estimation for Dynamic Multiagent Systems

This article investigates the real-time localization problem of dynamic multiagent systems with repetitive operation characteristics under directed graph. A distributed localization estimation algorithm based on iterative learning is proposed. The barycentric coordinates calculated based on the relative distance are used to estimate the real coordinates of the agent. Different from the traditional estimation methods along the time axis, the proposed method utilizes the information of iteration axis simultaneously. In this method, the current estimation coordinates are updated by using the estimation coordinates of the same sampling time in previous iteration, the estimation accuracy is improved, and the velocity constraint is removed. Additionally, the real-time localization problem of dynamic multiagent systems under arbitrary deployment is concerned. An improved distributed localization estimation algorithm with signed coefficients based on iterative learning is proposed. Meanwhile, the results are also extended to the localization estimation of multiagent systems with arbitrary deployment in 3-D space. By introducing Richardson iteration and infinite norm, the global asymptotic convergence of the proposed methods is guaranteed. Finally, numerical simulations and the Qbot-2e robot experiment are provided to show the effectiveness and validity of the obtained results.

Experimental study on the influence of thermal accumulation on breakdown in slow-wave structures

Radio frequency (RF) breakdown in the slow-wave structures (SWSs) is a crucial bottleneck restricting relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO) to pursuing higher output power and longer pulse width. This paper has experimentally studied the influence of thermal accumulation during repetitive operation on RF breakdown in an X-band RBWO. A method for cooling the SWSs using water flow has been proposed to restrain the temperature rise to some extent. Under different heat dissipation conditions, the operating states of the RBWOs exhibit great differences. The greater the distance between the water-cooling heat transfer channel and the SWSs, the more serious the pulse shortening of high-power microwave. Moreover, the breakdown traces appearing in the SWSs become more obvious with the worse convective heat transfer capacity. The observed experimental phenomena provide a new guideline that helps to enrich the mechanism of RF breakdown and to explore corresponding suppression methods in RBWO.

A Compact Repetitive Marx Generator for Generating Intense Electron Beams for HPM Sources

A 500 kV, 80 Hz repetition rate compact Marx generator has been designed and developed for producing high intense relativistic electron beams for high-power microwave (HPM) sources. This Marx generator comprises eight bipolar stages (16 stages of unipolar) using energy storage capacitors for achieving improved performance in repetition mode operation. The maximum charging voltage per stage is 50 kV, producing an erected voltage of 800 kV. However, the load voltage will vary according to the impedance of the load connected across the generator. Custom-designed energy storage capacitors were developed to allow voltage reversal of up to 30%–50%, enabling the system to deliver a higher current. A small pulse transformer-based triggering unit with an output voltage of 30 kV was used for triggering the generator. The system’s performance was tested in pulse repetition frequency (PRF) mode with resistive and diode loads and achieved a repetition rate of 80 Hz. An energy density of ~460 J/m3 was achieved in the developed system. A vircator device was connected and tested to benchmark the Marx generator for its repetitive and burst mode operations. The test results show the measured RF output power of 100 MW.

Recovery of off-state stress-induced damage in FET-type gas sensor using self-curing method

The need for high-performance gas sensors is driven by concerns over indoor and outdoor air quality, and industrial gas leaks. Due to their structural diversity, vast surface area, and geometric tunability, metal oxides show significant potential for the development of gas sensing systems. Despite the fact that several previous reports have successfully acquired a suitable response to various types of target gases, it remains difficult to maintain the reliability of metal oxide-based gas sensors. In particular, the degradation of the sensor platform under repetitive operation, such as off-state stress (OSS) causes significant reliability issues. We investigate the impact of OSS on the gas sensing performances, including response, low-frequency noise, and signal-to-noise ratio of horizontal floating-gate field-effect-transistor (FET)-type gas sensors. The 1/f noise is increased after the OSS is applied to the sensor because the gate oxide is damaged by hot holes. Therefore, the SNR of the sensor is degraded by the OSS. We applied a self-curing method based on a PN-junction forward current at the body–drain junction to repair the damaged gate oxide and improve the reliability of the sensor. It has been demonstrated that the SNR degradation caused by the OSS can be successfully recovered by the self-curing method.

Design, development and application of a compact robotic transplanter with automatic seedling picking mechanism for plug-type seedlings

Automation of agricultural operation such as seedling transplanting is needed to ensure efficient as well as timely operation. Robotics is the area that needs to be focused for the future of automatic seedling transplanter. This paper presents the design, development as well as working of the robotic transplanter (RT) for plug seedlings. The developed RT consists of three systems: (1) robot initiation; (2) seedling picking mechanism (SPM); and (3) vehicle movement system (VMS). The SPM consists of a main frame, manipulator, end-effector and control unit. Whereas, the VMS is having photoelectric sensor, robot controller and DC motor. The stepper motors were mounted on the main frame for movement in XY direction. The manipulator was on the crossbar that used to move the end-effector in Z-axis. The pick-up mechanism consists of an end-effector having jaw-type gripper controlled by servo motor. The control unit consists of microchip 16F877 and the system is controlled with computer programming. The gripper moves to each seedling in the pro-tray, grasp and pick-up the seedling, moves to the delivery point and then release the seedling. The manipulator was tested and analyzed for pickup and releasing of 96 seedlings with soil base from pro-tray. The initial experimental result showed that the seedling success rate, leakage rate and successful transplanting of 30 days old chilli seedling was 95.1%, 7.6% and 90.3%, respectively. Robotic technology seems to be expensive but the scope lies in the non-availability or high cost of manual labour and to ensure timeliness of repetitive field operations.

GDPx: An Application Independent Pruning Technique to Reduce Computation Cost of Max-Product Belief Propagation Algorithm

The Max-Product belief propagation algorithm has been widely used to process constraints associated with optimization problems in a broad range of application domains such as information theory, multi-agent systems, image processing, etc. The constraint optimization of a given problem is typically accomplished by performing inference with the use of a message passing process. During the process, the Max-Product algorithm performs repetitive maximization operation, which has been considered as one of the main reasons the algorithm can be computationally expensive. In more detail, scalability becomes a challenge when Max-Product has to deal with constraint functions with high arity and/or variables with a large domain size. In either case, the ensuing exponential growth of search space can make the maximization operator of the algorithm computationally infeasible in practice. In effect, it is frequently observed that the output of an algorithm becomes obsolete or unusable as the optimization process takes too long. Specifically, the issue of an algorithm taking too long to complete its internal inference process becomes more severe and prevalent as the size of the problem increases. As a result, the practical scalability of such algorithms is constrained. However, it is challenging to maintain the solution quality while reducing the computation cost of the algorithm. This is important because success in doing so will eventually reduce the algorithm’s overall completion time without compromising on the quality of its solution. To address this issue, we develop a generic pruning technique that enables the maximization operator of the Max-Product algorithm to operate on a significantly reduced search space of at least around 85% or more (i.e. empirical observation). Additionally, we demonstrate theoretically that the pruned search space obtained through our approach has no negative impact on the algorithm’s outcome. Finally, further empirical evidence notably suggests that our proposed approach brings down 50% to around 99% of the time required to complete a single maximization operation. DUJASE Vol. 7(1) 45-57, 2022 (January)

A power-efficient integrated lithium niobate electro-optic comb generator

Integrated electro-optic (EO) frequency combs are essential components for future applications in optical communications, light detection and ranging, optical computation, sensing and spectroscopy. To date, broadband on-chip EO combs are typically generated in high-quality-factor micro-resonators, while the more straightforward and flexible non-resonant method, usually using single or cascaded EO phase modulators, often requires high driving power to realize a reasonably strong modulation index. Here, we show that the phase modulation efficiency of an integrated lithium niobate modulator could be enhanced by passing optical signals through the modulation electrodes for a total of 4 round trips, via multiple low-loss mode multiplexers and a waveguide crossing, reducing electrical power consumption by an experimentally measured factor of 15. Using devices fabricated from a wafer-scale stepper lithography process, we demonstrate a broadband optical frequency comb featuring 47 comb lines at a 25-GHz repetition rate, using a moderate radio frequency (RF) driving power of 28 dBm (0.63 W). Leveraging the tunability in repetition rate and operation wavelength, our power-efficient EO comb generator could serve as a compact low-cost solution for future high-speed data transmission, sensing and spectroscopy, as well as classical and quantum optical computation systems.

Temperature during Repetitive Short-Term Operation of a Brake with Functionally Graded Friction Element.

The object of study is the temperature of a braking system, operating in repetitive short-term (RST) mode. One element of the considered friction pair is made of a functionally gradient material (FGM), and the other of a homogeneous material. To determine the temperature on the friction surfaces of both elements, the previously obtained, exact solution of the boundary value problem of heat conduction was adopted, with account of the heat generation due to the friction. A calculation scheme was proposed that takes into consideration thermal sensitivity of materials and variations of the friction coefficient under the influence of temperature. Calculations were performed for two-component FGM (ZrO2-Ti-6Al-4V) in combination with gray cast iron (ChNMKh). It was found that for selected friction pair materials, consideration of their thermal sensitivity reduces the time of braking and the value of temperature achieved on the friction surfaces. At the same time, the whole process was characterized by a good stability of braking with a slight decrease in efficiency in each subsequent cycle.

ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ НА ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ

The article analyzes modern interpretations of scientists regarding the essence of «information technologies»; the author’s definition of this definition is given. Positive and restraining points regarding the use of information technologies by modern enterprises highlighted, because information and communication technologies have become an integral part of both the modern world and the priority direction of our state. It noted that informatization is a process that has entered all spheres of human activity for the drastic improvement of working conditions and the quality of life of the population, significantly increasing the efficiency of all types of production. It emphasized that the use of information technology tools determined by the need for prompt management decision-making in the conditions of a permanent increase in the flow of information and a competitive environment. It is important that the task of information technology is not only to automate repetitive data processing operations, but also to generate new information for management decisions. It is safe to say that precisely with the advent of information technology, work at enterprises not only became easier, but also accelerated. It emphasized that technologies make it possible to simplify the solution of such basic tasks as management, activity planning, marketing, quality of products (goods and services), accounting, management of costs, finances, personnel, projects. In enterprise management systems, process procedures closely related to management functions. It noted that information technologies are universal and have an important feature – the one-time cost of their implementation at the enterprise, while current costs determined only by the wages of specialists who use these software products and the cost of program updates. It emphasized that the given list of programs used at the enterprise is not only not exhaustive, but has a constant tendency to expand. Increasing the number of offers and expanding the capabilities of the offered software products, simplifying their adaptation to the specific features and requirements of the enterprise will also be an important factor in expanding the range of enterprises that implement new information technologies. It emphasized that various programs provide an additional opportunity to measure or forecast the economic result in order to make one or another balanced and appropriate management decision based on them.