Repetitive Negative Thinking Research Articles

Investigating Cognitive Control and Repetitive Thinking in Clinical Groups With Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Objective: Some theories state that a deficiency in cognitive control makes people more vulnerable to the occurrence of repetitive negative thoughts. The present study is aimed to investigate the association between cognitive control and repetitive thinking in major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: Thirty people with major depressive disorder and 30 people with generalized anxiety disorder were selected by purposive sampling method from counseling and psychiatry centers in Shiraz City. Then, the Stroop and Wisconsin tests were performed and the questionnaires on rumination, worry, depression, and anxiety were completed. The obtained results were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The results showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between cognitive control and rumination in the depression group and worry in the generalized anxiety group. The level of cognitive control, rumination, and worry was not significantly different in cases with major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, reducing attention control is considered a risk factor for repetitive thinking, including rumination and worry. The lack of significant difference in cognitive control, rumination, and worry can indicate common unified transdiagnostic components in these disorders.

Acceptance and commitment therapy in parents of children with cancer at psychosocial risk: A randomized multiple baseline evaluation

Developing and testing psychological interventions for primary caregivers of children with cancer at significant psychosocial risk is still needed. One psychological factor contributing to their emotional distress is repetitive negative thinking (RNT). This study conducted a randomized, multiple-baseline evaluation of the effect of an individual, online, 2-session, RNT-focused ACT intervention in 12 parents. Participants responded to daily measures of emotional symptoms, RNT, and progress in values during baseline, intervention, and the 2-month follow-up. These measures have shown adequate psychometric properties at the individual level in this study. All 12 participants completed the intervention. A Bayesian hierarchical model indicated that most participants showed reductions in emotional symptoms and RNT (10 of 11), and 8 of 12 participants showed increases in valued living. The design-comparable standardized mean difference was computed to estimate the intervention effect overall. The effect sizes were large for all variables (PHQ-4: d = 0.83, 95% CI [0.27, 1.40]; RNTQ-3: d = 0.81, 95% CI [0.34, 1.28]; VQ-3: d = 1.07, 95% CI [0.22, 1.91]). Participants evaluated the intervention as useful at the 2-month follow-up. In conclusion, a brief and online RNT-focused intervention showed promising results in parents of children with cancer at significant psychosocial risk.

The mediating role of self-compassion and repetitive negative thinking in the relationship between perfectionism and burnout in health-field students: A prospective study

Burnout negatively affects around 40 % of medical and dentistry students, a group with high levels of perfectionism, repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and low self-compassion. So far, literature has highlighted the beneficial effects of mindfulness and self-compassion-based interventions on reducing psychological distress; nevertheless, the relationship between perfectionism, self-compassion, RNT and burnout has not yet been studied in this population with a prospective study design. The aim of this prospective study was to analyse the role of perfectionism, self-compassion and RNT on burnout levels in medical and dentistry students after approximately one year and a half. 202 medical and dentistry students answered in T0 and T1 (after 18 months) to a self-report questionnaire that included measures to assess perfectionism, RNT, self-compassion, and burnout. Perfectionism, RNT and self-compassion correlated significantly with each other, and all correlated with Burnout. In mediation analyses, total perfectionism at T0 predicted burnout at T1, both directly and indirectly, through the mediating effect of self-compassion and RNT at T0. This study reinforces recent findings that self-compassion is a mediator of the relationship between perfectionism and burnout and adds that RNT also plays an important role in this predictive pathway.

The impact of mood-induction on maladaptive thinking in the vulnerability for depression

Background and objectivesMind-wandering, and specifically the frequency and content of mind-wandering, plays an important role in the psychological well-being of individuals. Repetitive negative thinking has been associated with a high risk to develop and maintain Major Depressive Disorder. We here combined paradigms and techniques from cognitive sciences and experimental clinical psychology to study the transdiagnostic psychiatric phenomenon of repetitive negative thinking. This allowed us to investigate the adjustability of the content and characteristics of mind-wandering in individuals varying in their susceptibility to negative affect. MethodsParticipants high (n = 42) or low (n = 40) on their vulnerability for negative affect and depression performed a Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) after a single session of positive fantasizing and a single session of stress induction in a cross-over design. Affective states were measured before and after the interventions. ResultsAfter stress, negative affect increased, while after fantasizing both positive affect increased and negative affect decreased. Thoughts were less off-task, past-related and negative after fantasizing compared to after stress. Individuals more susceptible to negative affect showed more off-task thinking after stress than after fantasizing compared to individuals low on this. LimitationsIn this cross-over design, no baseline measurement was included, limiting comparison to ‘uninduced’ mind-wandering. Inclusion of self-related concerns in the SART could have led to negative priming. ConclusionsStress-induced negative thinking underlying vulnerability for depression could be partially countered by fantasizing in a non-clinical sample, which may inform the development of treatments for depression and other disorders characterized by maladaptive thinking.

The effect of positive and negative evaluation on state anxiety and repetitive negative thinking in social evaluative situations: An experimental study

The Bivalent Fear of Evaluation (BFOE) Model suggests that fears of negative and positive evaluation are core cognitive vulnerability and maintenance factors for social anxiety disorder The aim of this study was to experimentally assess cognitive and emotional effects of positive and negative feedback in social anxiety. False positive or negative feedback (vs no feedback) was provided following a speech task to high and low socially anxious individuals to investigate impacts on state anxiety and repetitive negative thinking (N = 152, Mage = 22.13, 69 % female). Measures were completed prior to the speech and after the false feedback but prior to an anticipated discussion with the group about participants’ feedback and performance. High socially anxious participants reporting higher state anxiety and repetitive negative thinking than low socially anxious participants. There were no feedback type by group interactions, indicating that high socially anxious individuals experienced heightened social anxiety and repetitive negative thinking regardless of feedback type (or the absence of feedback). Exploratory analyses revealed that state fear of negative evaluation but not state fear of positive evaluation uniquely predicted both outcomes. Implications for theory and clinical practice are discussed.

Emotion Dysregulation in Patients with Eating Disorders: The Role of Metacognitions and Repetitive Negative Thinking

Emotion Dysregulation in Patients with Eating Disorders: The Role of Metacognitions and Repetitive Negative Thinking

Prediction of Emotional Disorders Based on Neuroticism with Emotion Regulation, Experiential Avoidance, and Repetitive Negative Thinking

Background: Emotional disorders are common and recurring mental conditions that can severely affect individuals and have long-term economic consequences for society. Objectives: This study aimed to predict emotional disorders, using neuroticism, emotion regulation, experiential avoidance (EA), and repetitive negative thinking as predictors. Patients and Methods: The study included a sample of 414 patients diagnosed with emotional disorders residing in Tehran. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Negative Repetitive Thoughts Questionnaire (NRTQ), Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (EAQ), Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS), and NEO Personality Questionnaire (NEO FFI). Structural equation modeling, analyzed with SPSS-22 and AMOS-24 software, was employed for data analysis. Results: Neuroticism significantly predicted negative emotional regulation, EA, emotional disorders, and repetitive negative thoughts (P < 0.001). The coefficient of determination for emotional disorders was calculated as 0.73, indicating that 73% of the variance in emotional disorders can be explained by the predictor variables (neuroticism, emotional regulation, negative repetitive thoughts, and EA). Conclusions: Therefore, it is essential to consider the influence of personality and psychological factors on the inclination toward disorders. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for the development of culturally sensitive, contextually relevant, and psychosocially oriented prevention and treatment programs for emotional disorders using an integrated approach.

Linking repetitive negative thinking and insomnia symptoms: A longitudinal trait-state model

Sleep disturbance is highly debilitating, and an abundance of research suggests that repetitive negative thinking (i.e., rumination, worry) may contribute to the development and maintenance of maladaptive sleep patterns, such as insomnia symptoms. Although repetitive negative thinking is often conceptualized as a ‘trait’ risk factor for anxiety-related disorders, it is unclear if it consists of time-varying (TV) or state-like features versus time-invariant (TI) or trait-like characteristics. Furthermore, it is unclear if it is the TV or TI components of repetitive negative thinking that contribute to insomnia symptoms that is commonly observed in anxiety-related disorders. In a 6-wave, 5-month longitudinal study, community participants (N = 1219) completed measures of rumination, worry, transdiagnostic repetitive negative thinking, and insomnia symptoms. A latent variable (trait-state-occasion) model was applied to the measures of repetitive negative thinking. The results showed that although estimates of TI factor variance and TV factor variance were both significant for latent repetitive negative thinking, worry, and rumination, the proportion of TI factor variance (0.82–0.89) was greater than the amount of TV factor variance (0.11–0.19). Although TV factor stability was statistically significant for latent repetitive negative thinking, rumination, and worry, the magnitude of the coefficients was small. Furthermore, regression weights for the latent repetitive negative thinking, rumination, and worry TI factor were significant and larger than those for the TV factor in predicting insomnia symptoms at each of the six time points. These findings suggest that repetitive negative thinking is largely TI, and it is this TI component that contributes to insomnia symptoms. Implications for conceptualizations of repetitive negative thinking as a predisposing and perpetuating factor in insomnia for anxiety and related disorders are discussed.

Associations between repetitive negative thinking and segregation of the anterior salience network amongst healthy middle‐aged adults

AbstractBackgroundRepetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) includes negative thoughts about the future (worry) and past (rumination), and has been associated with AD physiopathology (Marchant et al. Alzh&Dement 2020;16:1054). Prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices play a major role in RNT (Demnitz‐King et al., Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2021;316:111353). Nonetheless, RNT involves several brain regions within large‐scale networks (Makovac et al., Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2020;295:111020), the efficiency of which depends on their ability to remain segregated (Tononi et al., PNAS, 1994;91:11). We investigated associations between RNT and system segregation (SyS) of the Anterior Salience Network (ASN), Default Mode Network (DMN) and Executive Control Network (ECN) in middle‐aged adults.Method248 healthy controls (mean age: 59.17 (SD 4.79), 50.61% women) from the Barcelona Brain Health Initiative (Cattaneo et al. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018;10:321) underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging to compute SyS using a node‐based approach with the Shirer atlas (Shirer et al., Cereb Cortex. 2012;22:1). RNT was estimated from questionnaires as previously (Schlosser et al., BMC Psychiatry, 2020;20:1), and a global RNT score was computed. Regression analyses investigated associations between RNT and SyS of ASN, DMN and ECN, including age, depression and stress ratings, emotional stability and cognitive complaints.ResultRNT was positively predicted by cognitive complaints (t = 3.18, p = 0.002) and depression (t = 6.55, p<0.0001), and negatively by emotional stability (t = ‐4.77, p<0.0001). Likewise, RNT was negatively associated with SyS_ASN (t = ‐2.57, p = 0.011; Fig1). Post‐hoc analyses revealed increased connectivity between ASN and ventral DMN (vDMN, t = 2.57, p = 0.01) and the reverse for ASN‐dorsal DMN (dDMN, t = ‐2.03, p = 0.04; Fig2).ConclusionHigher levels of RNT amongst middle‐aged subjects were related to less segregation of the ASN. Results are of importance considering that declining brain segregation predicts dementia severity (Chan et al. Nat Aging 2021;1:1053). Specifically, the ASN presented higher coupling with the vDMN (medial temporal lobe and precuneus), linked to self‐processing and autobiographical processes (Bayley et al., J Neurosci. 2006;26:51), and lower coupling with the dDMN (medial prefrontal regions) associated with cognitive control (Piguet et al., Biol Psychol. 2014;103:195). This dissociative connectivity may partially explain poorer cognitive control and increased self‐referential processes characteristic of RNT (Piguet et al., Biol Psychol. 2014;103:195).

COVID-19 fear and anxiety as mediators in the relationship between repetitive negative thinking and psychopathology: a community-based study during the 2nd confinement in Portugal.

Repetitive negative thinking is a cognitive dimension of the onset and maintenance of psychopathology, and increased levels of psychopathology have been observed during COVID-19 lockdowns. The role of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety has been poorly explored in terms of psychopathology during lockdowns due to the pandemic crisis. This study examines the mediating role of fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety in the relationship between repetitive negative thinking and psychopathology during the second lockdown in Portugal. Participants completed a web survey that included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale, the Persistent and Intrusive Negative Thoughts Scale, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between all variables and identified fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety as significant mediators in the relationship between repetitive negative thinking and psychopathology during the second lockdown in Portugal, after controlling for being isolated, being infected, and working in first line response of COVID-19. Overall, the current findings highlight the role of cognitive dimensions such as anxiety and fear in the context of COVID-19, nearly a year after the pandemic outbreak and after the release of a vaccine. Mental health programs should consider improving coping strategies for emotion regulation, particularly fear and anxiety, during major catastrophic health-related events.

Trait and state effects of different modes of thinking on salivary cortisol in daily life in patients with recurrent major depression and healthy individuals

Habitual modes of thinking such as repetitive negative thinking (RNT), but also momentary cognitive processes such as mindwandering could be vulnerability factors for the course of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). On the physiological level, cortisol represents an important biological stress marker of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Being a dynamic and non-invasive measure, salivary cortisol can be assessed in daily life via Ambulatory Assessment (AA). So far, consensus exists on a dysregulation of the HPA axis in MDD. However, findings are ambiguous and AA-studies examining both trait and state level effects of cognitive processes on cortisol release in daily life in patients with recurrent major depression (rMDD) and healthy controls (HCs) are lacking. A sample of 119 (nrMDD=57, nHCs=62) participants underwent a baseline session, including self-rated questionnaires (RNT, mindfulness) followed by a 5-day AA, where participants indicated the occurrence of mindwandering and levels of mentalshift problems ten times per day via smartphone, and collected saliva cortisol samples five times per day. Via multilevel models, we found habitual RNT, but not mindfulness, to predict higher cortisol levels, with the effects being stronger in rMDD patients. State mindwandering and mentalshift problems predicted increased cortisol 20 min later across groups. State cognitions did not mediate the effects of habitual RNT on cortisol release. Our results suggest independent mechanisms of action for trait and state cognitions on cortisol activity in daily life and indicate a greater physiological vulnerability toward trait RNT and the tendency to experience mentalshift problems in patients with recurrent major depression.

Transdiagnostic behavioral and genetic contributors to repetitive negative thinking: A machine learning approach

BackgroundRepetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a symptom that can negatively impact the treatment and course of common psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. We aimed to characterize behavioral and genetic correlates of RNT to infer potential contributors to its genesis and maintenance. MethodsWe applied a machine learning (ML) ensemble method to define the contribution of fear, interoceptive, reward, and cognitive variables to RNT, along with polygenic risk scores (PRS) for neuroticism, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), worry, insomnia, and headaches. We used the PRS and 20 principal components of the behavioral and cognitive variables to predict intensity of RNT. We employed the Tulsa-1000 study, a large database of deeply phenotyped individuals recruited between 2015 and 2018. ResultsPRS for neuroticism was the main predictor of RNT intensity (R2=0.027,p<0.001). Behavioral variables indicative of faulty fear learning and processing, as well as aberrant interoceptive aversiveness, were significant contributors to RNT severity. Unexpectedly, we observed no contribution of reward behavior and diverse cognitive function variables. LimitationsThis study is an exploratory approach that must be validated with a second, independent cohort. Furthermore, this is an association study, limiting causal inference. ConclusionsRNT is highly determined by genetic risk for neuroticism, a behavioral construct that confers risk to a variety of internalizing disorders, and by emotional processing and learning features, including interoceptive aversiveness. These results suggest that targeting emotional and interoceptive processing areas, which involve central autonomic network structures, could be useful in the modulation of RNT intensity.

Hard to let it go: repetitive negative thinking and hoarding in later life in Japan

Objectives: Hoarding in older adults can have a detrimental effect on daily life. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) could result in a greater avoidance of discarding and increased saving behaviors; yet, the unique role of RNT on hoarding in older adults remains understudied. This study aimed to investigate whether the intensity of RNT contributes to hoarding in older adults. Methods: Two hundred and sixty-four older adults in Japan (ages 65–86 years, 132 males and 132 females) participated in an online survey. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine whether RNT could significantly explain the variance of hoarding after controlling for age, sex, years of education, self-reported cognitive impairment, and depression. Results: As we expected, RNT was significantly associated with greater hoarding behaviors, such as excessive acquisition (β = .27, p = .005) and difficulty in discarding (β = .27, p = .003). On the other hand, reflection, repetitive thinking without negative emotional valence, was significantly associated with higher scores on clutter (β = .36 p < .001). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of addressing RNT in the prevention and treatment of hoarding symptoms among older adults, potentially leading to more effective interventions and improved outcomes in managing hoarding behaviors in this population.

Catastrophizing and rumination mediate the link between functional disabilities and anxiety/depression in fibromyalgia. A double-mediation model

Fibromyalgia can be considered to be a model of chronic pain resulting from dysregulation of pain processing. From a psychological point of view, it is possible to consider transdiagnostic processes that would participate in both the dysregulation of pain and associated emotions. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the links that exist between the tendency to Repetitive Negative Thinking (RNT) and the anxious-depressive manifestations in fibromyalgia. More specifically, we wanted to test a double mediation model where RNT would mediate the link between pain and depression/anxiety via catastrophizing. MethodEighty-two patients with fibromyalgia completed a series of questionnaires evaluating their level of depression, anxiety, disability related to pain, catastrophizing as well as various measures of Repetitive Thoughts. ResultsThe results showed strong correlations between RNT levels, pain, and anxious-depressive manifestations in this population. Moreover, the links between pain and depression/anxiety were mediated by catastrophizing and RNT in serial. ConclusionResults support the interest of studying RNT as a transdiagnostic process in fibromyalgia pain. Considering RNT in fibromyalgia allows a better understanding of tthe links that exist between pain and emotional disorders in this population and thus to better understand the psychopathological comorbidity of fibromyalgia.

Does an app designed to reduce repetitive negative thinking decrease depression and anxiety in young people? (RETHINK): a randomized controlled prevention trial

BackgroundThe first onset of common mental health disorders, such as mood and anxiety disorders, mostly lies in adolescence or young adulthood. Hence, effective and scalable prevention programs for this age group are urgently needed. Interventions focusing on repetitive negative thinking (RNT) appear especially promising as RNT is an important transdiagnostic process involved in the development of depression and anxiety disorders. First clinical trials indeed show positive effects of preventative interventions targeting RNT on adult as well as adolescent mental health. Self-help interventions that can be delivered via a mobile phone app may have the advantage of being highly scalable, thus facilitating prevention on a large scale. This trial aims to investigate whether an app-based RNT-focused intervention can reduce depressive and anxiety symptoms in young people at risk for mental health disorders.MethodsThe trial will be conducted in a sample (planned N = 351) of individuals aged 16–22 years with elevated levels of RNT but no current depression or anxiety disorder. In a randomized controlled between-subjects design, two versions of the app-based self-help intervention will be compared to a waiting list control condition. The full RNT-focused intervention encompasses a variety of RNT-reducing strategies, whereas the concreteness training intervention focuses on only one of these strategies, i.e., concrete thinking. The primary outcome (depressive symptoms) and secondary outcomes (anxiety symptoms and RNT) will be measured at pre-intervention, post-intervention (6 weeks after pre-intervention), and follow-up (18 weeks after pre-intervention).DiscussionThis trial aims to find out whether targeting RNT via an app is an effective and feasible way of preventing depression and anxiety disorders in adolescents. Since app-based interventions are highly scalable, this trial might contribute to tackling challenges related to the increasing rates of mental health disorders among young people.Trial registrationhttps://www.drks.de, DRKS00027384. Registered on 21 February 2022—prospectively registered.

Combining transcranial direct current stimulation with group cognitive behavioral therapy developed to treat rumination: a clinical pilot study.

As part of repetitive negative thinking (RNT), rumination is a maladaptive cognitive response style to stress or negative mood which can increase the risk of depression and may prohibit complete recovery. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) both proved to be effective in decreasing rumination. However, the combined effects of tDCS and CBT interventions on rumination have not yet been explored. The first aim of this pilot study is to investigate whether the combination of tDCS and CBT has an accumulating positive effect on modulating state rumination. The second aim is to assess the feasibility and safety profile of the proposed combined approach. Seventeen adults aged 32-60 years, suffering from RNT, were referred by their primary care professional to participate in an 8-week group intervention for RNT ("Drop It") comprising 8 sessions of CBT. Before each CBT session, patients underwent one double-blinded prefrontal active (2 mA for 20 min) or sham tDCS (anode over F3, cathode over the right supraorbital region) combined with an internal cognitive attention task focused on individual RNT, i.e., online tDCS priming. During each session, the Brief State Rumination Inventory was used to assess state rumination. A mixed effects model analysis revealed no significant differences between the stimulation conditions, weekly sessions, or their interaction in terms of state rumination scores. Overall, the combination of online tDCS priming followed by group CBT was found to be safe and feasible. On the other hand, no significant additional effects of this combined approach on state rumination were established. Although our pilot study may have been too small to find significant clinical effects, future larger RCT studies on combined tDCS-CBT treatment protocols may reevaluate the selection of internal cognitive attention tasks and more objective neurophysiological measurements, consider the optimal timing of the combination (concurrently or sequentially), or may add additional tDCS sessions when following CBT.

Psychometric Properties of the Positive Thinking Skills Scale (PTSS) among Portuguese Adults

Positive thinking is a cognitive attitude that focuses on optimism and aims for positive results. Positive thinking leads to positive emotions, more adaptive behaviors, and better problem solving. Positive thoughts can inspire individuals and have been linked to increased psychological health. On the other hand, negative thoughts are related to unsatisfactory mental health. This study aimed to analyze the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Positive Thinking Skills Scale (PTSS) and to verify the correlations between positive thinking, resilience, and repetitive negative thinking. The sample comprised 220 Portuguese participants between 18 and 62 years of age (M = 24.9, SD = 6.58), and the majority were women (80.5%). Participants responded to an online sociodemographic questionnaire, the PTSS, the Persistent and Intrusive Negative Thoughts Scale (PINTS), and the Resilience Scale-10 (RS-10). Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the original one-factor structure of the PTSS obtained good fits. An excellent value of internal consistency was found. The results also revealed convergent and discriminant validity. The PTSS is a brief and reliable instrument for assessing positive thinking skills, and its use in research is recommended.

49. Repetitive Negative Thinking in Major Depressive Disorder is Associated With Increased Cortical Processing in a High Demand Inhibitory Control Context

49. Repetitive Negative Thinking in Major Depressive Disorder is Associated With Increased Cortical Processing in a High Demand Inhibitory Control Context

85. Trait Repetitive Negative Thinking in Depressed Individuals can be Predicted From Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity Patterns in a Negative Thinking State, not a Resting State

85. Trait Repetitive Negative Thinking in Depressed Individuals can be Predicted From Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity Patterns in a Negative Thinking State, not a Resting State

The contribution of transdiagnostic vulnerability factors in patients with chronic insomnia.

Various transdiagnostic factors have been associated with insomnia severity. The current study aimed to predict insomnia severity based on a group of transdiagnostic factors including neuroticism, emotion regulation, perfectionism, psychological inflexibility, anxiety sensitivity, and repetitive negative thinking after controlling for depression/anxiety symptoms and demographic characteristics. Two hundred patients with chronic insomnia disorder were recruited from a sleep disorder clinic. Participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3), Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire (RTQ-10), Big Five Inventory (BFI-10), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). After controlling for the confounding variables (depression/anxiety symptoms and demographic characteristics), hierarchical multiple linear regression suggested the significant association of neuroticism (BFI), cognitive reappraisal (ERQ), personal standards (CPQ), evaluative concerns (CPQ), physical concerns (ASI), cognitive concerns (ASI), and repetitive negative thinking (RTQ) with insomnia severity. The findings support the role of transdiagnostic factors, especially physical concerns, repetitive negative thinking, and neuroticism in chronic insomnia. Future research using longitudinal designs is required to verify the causal status of transdiagnostic variables.