Repeat Period Research Articles

KAJIAN KERUGIAN RISIKO BANJIR PADA SUNGAI KRUENG MEUREUBO

Krueng Meureubo River is one of the big river through the West Aceh district. Krueng Meureubo River has a length of ± 188 km and a catchment area of 1.632 km2. The aims of this study is to conducting inundation and the value of losses caused by floods in Krueng Meureubo river. The scope of this study includes analysis of rainfall plans, flood discharge plans, and the value of losses caused by floods. Based on data processing at 4 (four) rain stations, the annual maximum annual rainfall is obtained at each station for 10 years. Analyzing the frequency of rainfall data plan is by using several distributions, namely: Distribution Distribution Gumbel Type I, Distribution Distribution Log Pearson Type III, Distribution Normal Distribution and Distribution Log Normal. The results of the distribution test analysis to estimate the magnitude of the flood discharge with a certain repeat period, the rainfall data is closer to a distribution, calculation of Distribution and Smirnov-Kolmogorof test of each station to produce a rainfall plan. Based on the result of the test by using Smirnov-Kolmogorof test shows the suitable distribution is following the Log Pearson distribution III. Analyzing the estimated flood discharge on the Krueng Meureubo catchment area determine with a 2-year, 5-year, 10-year, 25-year, 50-year and 100-year re-period. The peak flood discharge estimated by using Hidrograf Satuan Sistetis (HSS) Gama I. The inundation area is obtained from the height of the flood from the cross section of the Krueng Meureubo river. The cross section used in this study is the cross section of KN 7 located in Rundeng village, Johan Pahlawan sub district. The value of losses due to floods that occur when the discharge of Q100 year (1,516 m3 / s) is Rp468.098.453.000, - which consists of loss of damage to residents settlements and rice fields.

ANALISIS KAPASITAS PENGALIRAN DENGAN SIMULASI BANJIR KALI SUNTER CIPINANG MELAYU, JAKARTA TIMUR

This study intended to analyze the drainage capacity of Sunter with the help of HEC-RAS program software for the flood simulation. The flood discharge plan using the Nakayasu Synthesized Hydrograph (HSS Nakayasu) method with a 5-year repeat period shows the value of 144.49 m3/s, 10-year period of 169.20 m3/s, 20-year period of 191.48 m3/s, while the 25 year period result is 203.69 m3 /s, and a 50 year period result is 231.40 m3 /s. After knowing the flood discharge plan, the simulation next was done using HEC-RAS simulation with 28 section of STR 82-109 and the result of runoff with five years return period will be achieved. The result of the analysis is done using 28 parts of the river cross section using existing data, meanwhile the whole section can not accommodate the flood discharge plan with a runoff height of 0,74-3.19 m based on the period of 5 years. The difference is 1.23-2.55 m by using the cut and fill method, so that the cross-sectional capacity can resist the waterflow until the 50 years of continuous period.

Repeat periods of electrical stimulation prolong the modulation of the micturition reflex in the rat.

The aim of this study was to determine if the duration of the micturition reflex modulation could be prolonged by repeated periods of afferent stimulation in the decorticated rat. Eighteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study, 10 for intravesical electrical stimulation (IVES), and 8 for Ano-genital pudendal afferents stimulation. Repeated constant flow cystometries were performed with body-warm saline (0.06-0.1 mL/min) at about 10 min interval. The selected afferents were stimulated continuously for 5 min at maximal intensity. The same stimulation was repeated six times with a pause of 5 min between the stimulations. The mean threshold volume of cystometries performed during one hour before and each hour after the stimulation were compared. After six periods of IVES, the micturition threshold volume decreased to its lowest value (62% of control) during the first hour and remained at 80% 4 h later (n = 10, P < 0.01). Ano-genital afferent stimulation produced a corresponding increase in the micturition threshold volume. The long-lasting poststimulation effect was again observed for more than 5 h. During the first hour the mean threshold volume increased to 211% of controls and it remained at about this level for the entire observation period (n = 8, P < 0.01). Repeated short periods of stimulation prolonged the modulatory effect well beyond the stimulation period. The findings provide experimental evidence supporting the clinical application of IVES and ano-genital stimulation for treatment of neurogenic urinary bladder dysfunction.

Effects of unmodelled tidal displacements in GPS and GLONASS coordinate time-series

This study demonstrates the effect of unmodelled (sub-)daily tidal displacement on GLONASS (GLObalnaya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema) coordinate time series in comparison with GPS (Global Positioning System). More than two propagated periodic signals appear in GPS and GLONASS coordinate time series in the presence of an unmodelled M2 /O1 tidal displacements. The propagation mechanism of Stewart et al. (2005) explains well most of the periodic signals. At a fortnightly period, an unmodeled M2 tidal displacement propagates into two long-period signals at 13.6x (x is a positive integer) and 14.76 days for GPS, while only a significant propagated periodic signal at 14.76-day is discernible for GLONASS. Similarly, significant propagated periodic signals at 13.6x and 14.19 days for GPS and only at 14.19-day for GLONASS are evident as a result of an unmodeled O1 tidal displacement. However, an unmodeled Mf (long-period) results in a strong power of similar magnitude at 13.6x-day (∼13.66-day) for both GPS and GLONASS solutions. The appearance of different periodic signals but as a result of the same unmodelled tidal displacement is attributed to the different ground repeat periods of the constellations, which is one of the factors of the propagation mechanism from Stewart et al. (2005). The latter explains the reason why the 13.6x-day fortnightly is present only for GPS solutions. Comparing the powers of the M2 aliased periodic signals at 13.6x-day and 14.76-day from a stacked spectra over all stations, the amplitude of the former is larger than the latter by an order of magnitude. The results of this study may infer that the 13.6x-day periodic signal in GPS/GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) derived products of the IGS (International GNSS Service) is a joint contribution of the propagation of unmodelled (sub-)daily tidal displacements and errors at longer periods with the former appearing to contribute more. We also demonstrated that significant reduction of the propagated periodic signals can be achieved from combined-system solutions.

Observations and Analysis of Wandering Spurs in MASH-Based Fractional-&lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$N$ &lt;/tex-math&gt; &lt;/inline-formula&gt; Frequency Synthesizers

Fractional- ${N}$ frequency synthesizers can exhibit a phenomenon known as wandering spurs. This brief traces the root cause of the phenomenon to the divider controller. Predictions of the repeat period and the wander rate in the case of a multi-stage noise shaping delta-sigma modulator (MASH DDSM)-based divider controller are given. Simulations, based on CppSim simulations of a type-II CP-PLL with a third-order digital delta-sigma based divider controller, confirm the theoretical predictions.

Ocean and Ice Shelf Tides from CryoSat-2 Altimetry

AbstractA new empirical model of ocean tides has been developed for the Weddell Sea, south of 66°S, between 90°W and 0°, using six years of radar altimeter data from the CryoSat-2 satellite mission. Because of its long ground-track repeat period (368 days) and its diverse measurement modes, low-rate mode (LRM) over the ocean and synthetic aperture radar interferometric mode (SARin) over ice surfaces and parts of the ocean, the CryoSat-2 data pose a number of challenges for tidal analysis. The space and time sampling properties of the exact repeat, near-repeat, and crossover ground tracks have been analyzed to discover which tides may be estimated using a combination of conventional harmonic analysis and local spatial regression. Using this information, the M2, S2, K2, N2, K1, O1, P1, and Q1 tides have been mapped for both the ocean and floating ice shelves in this domain. Validation against independent in situ data, along with comparison with existing tide models, finds that the CryoSat-2-derived tides are consistent with previous estimates and that they are more accurate than other models at the M2 and S2 frequencies. The high inclination of the CryoSat-2 orbit causes the orbit plane to precess relatively slowly, which leads to significantly less accurate estimates of the K2 tide. This purely empirical model ought to provide improved tidal corrections for studies of low-frequency variability and secular trends in ice shelf thickness, and it suggests that further increases in quantitative accuracy could be achieved by assimilation of CryoSat-2 data into dynamical tide models.

Analysis of the carrier-phase multipath in GNSS triple-frequency observation combinations

Multi-frequency carrier-phase linear combinations are greatly beneficial to improving the performance of ambiguity resolution (AR), cycle slip correction as well as precise positioning. However, as a limiting factor for further improvements in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) high-precision positioning, the effect of multipath is also accentuated due to the measurement combination. In this paper, with real GPS and BDS triple-frequency observations, we analyse the influence of the carrier-phase multipath in three typical triple-frequency combinations: extra-wide-lane (EWL) combination, ionosphere estimation with ambiguity-corrected EWL/wide-lane (WL) combinations and the geometry-free and ionosphere-free (GIF) combination for narrow-lane (NL) AR. For more intuitive reflection of the influence caused by the carrier-phase multipath, zero-baseline tests with no multipath influence were carried out for comparison. The results from consecutive orbital repeat periods were also used to confirm this influence. Experiments show that for the BDS (1, 4, −5) and GPS (1, −6, 5) EWL combinations, the multipath errors could be combined with the biases of several metres in units of distance and over 0.5 cycles in units of cycles. Therefore in single-epoch EWL AR, besides the empirical precision, the bias caused by carrier-phase multipath should be also fully considered. The coefficients of the ionosphere estimation and GIF model are so large that the multipath errors are accentuated many times. Experiments results indicate that even smoothed or averaged with several hours, the errors of ionosphere estimators could be still over 10 cm; the biases of NL ambiguities with GIF model could be still over 0.5 cycles, especially for BDS GEO satellites.

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate is covalently associated with collagen fibrils in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus body wall

Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fCS) is the major carbohydrate constituent of sea cucumber. However, the distribution of fCS in the sea cucumber body wall has not been fully described. We addressed this in the present study employing Apostichopus japonicus as the material, a sea cucumber species with significant commercial importance. It was found that fCS was covalently attached to collagen fibrils via O-glycosidic linkages. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that fCS precipitate was present in gap regions of collagen fibrils as roughly globular or ellipsoidal dots. The fCS dots arranged circumferentially around the fibrils with an axial repeat period that matched the periodicity of the fibrils. Physicochemical analysis indicated that the presence of fCS significantly increased the negative charge of the fibrils. These findings provide novel insight into fCS distribution in the sea cucumber body wall and its supramolecular organization with other macromolecules.

Characteristics of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Multipath and Its Mitigation Method Based on Kalman Filter and Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoother

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase measurement for short baseline meets the requirements of deformation monitoring of large structures. However, the carrier phase multipath effect is the main error source with double difference (DD) processing. There are lots of methods to deal with the multipath errors of Global Position System (GPS) carrier phase data. The BeiDou navigation satellite System (BDS) multipath mitigation is still a research hotspot because the unique constellation design of BDS makes it different to mitigate multipath effects compared to GPS. Multipath error periodically repeats for its strong correlation to geometry of satellites, reflective surface and antenna which is also repetitive. We analyzed the characteristics of orbital periods of BDS satellites which are consistent with multipath repeat periods of corresponding satellites. The results show that the orbital periods and multipath periods for BDS geostationary earth orbit (GEO) and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites are about one day but the periods of MEO satellites are about seven days. The Kalman filter (KF) and Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoother (RTSS) was introduced to extract the multipath models from single difference (SD) residuals with traditional sidereal filter (SF). Wavelet filter and Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) were also used to mitigate multipath effects. The experimental results show that the three filters methods all have obvious effect on improvement of baseline accuracy and the performance of KT-RTSS method is slightly better than that of wavelet filter and EMD filter. The baseline vector accuracy on east, north and up (E, N, U) components with KF-RTSS method were improved by 62.8%, 63.6%, 62.5% on day of year 280 and 57.3%, 53.4%, 55.9% on day of year 281, respectively.

Structural varieties of polytypes

We present the results of theoretical analysis of structural varieties of compounds for which polytypism is important. As a result, the possibility of isomeric polytype varieties existing has been established, as well as regularities in their formation, depending on the period of repeatability of layers in packaging. In addition, the methods of density functional theory are used to calculate the structure and properties of various polytypic modifications of diamond. Dependences of the interlayer distances and the difference total energy on the hexagonality of diamond polytypes and their isomeric varieties have been found. The theoretical powder X-ray diffraction patterns of diamond polytypes are calculated and their comparative analysis is performed.

Recent unrest (2002–2015) imaged by space geodesy at the highest risk Chilean volcanoes: Villarrica, Llaima, and Calbuco (Southern Andes)

Villarrica, Llaima, and Calbuco volcanoes are the most active and dangerous volcanoes in the Southern Andes, and we use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) observations from multiple satellites (ERS-2, ENVISAT, ALOS, RADARSAT-2, COSMO-SkyMed, TerraSAR-X, Sentinel-1A and ALOS-2) to constrain ground deformation that spans episodes of unrest and eruption at all three volcanoes between 2002 and 2015. We find episodes of ground deformation at each volcano, which we invert using analytic elastic half-space models to make some of the first geophysical inferences about the source depths of potential magma chambers. At Llaima, we interpret that the VEI 2 April 3, 2009 eruption was preceded by ~6–15cm of precursory ground uplift one month before from a source ~5km below the surface on the western side of the edifice. The VEI 2 March 3, 2015 Villarrica eruption was followed by a short lived uplift of 5cm in the SE part of the volcano from a source depth of ~6km. The VEI 4 April 22–23, 2015 Calbuco eruption produced 12cm of coeruptive subsidence from a source depth 8–11km and offset ~2km S from the summit. Importantly, we do not find clear evidence that the January 1, 2008, the March 3, 2015 and April 22, 2015 eruptions at Llaima, Villarrica and Calbuco volcanoes were preceded by either transient or continuous ground uplift. There are several possible explanations for the lack of precursory deformation at each volcano – it is possible that any precursory deformation occurred only hours before the eruption (e.g., at Calbuco), pre-eruptive inflation was canceled by co-eruptive subsidence (as we inferred happened during the April 2009 Llaima eruption), the pre-eruptive deformation was too small to be detectable in areas with persistent topography correlated phase delays, pressurized source are deep, or that open-vent volcanoes like Villarrica and Llaima do not pressurize. At all three volcanoes, X and C band interferograms decorrelate in a few weeks due to vegetation, snow and ice, and have persistent atmospheric phase delays that we find cannot be reliably removed with available global weather models. The low number of SAR acquisitions therefore makes it challenging to reliably measure unaliased deformation. We recommend a multi-satellite observing strategy with short repeat periods, frequently acquired high-resolution digital elevation models, and with acquisitions during every satellite overflight that may improve the temporal resolution of measurements.

Complete genome sequence and comparative genomics of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii

The probiotic yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is known to be effective against many gastrointestinal disorders and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. To understand molecular basis of probiotic-properties ascribed to Sb we determined the complete genomes of two strains of Sb i.e. Biocodex and unique28 and the draft genomes for three other Sb strains that are marketed as probiotics in India. We compared these genomes with 145 strains of S. cerevisiae (Sc) to understand genome-level similarities and differences between these yeasts. A distinctive feature of Sb from other Sc is absence of Ty elements Ty1, Ty3, Ty4 and associated LTR. However, we could identify complete Ty2 and Ty5 elements in Sb. The genes for hexose transporters HXT11 and HXT9, and asparagine-utilization are absent in all Sb strains. We find differences in repeat periods and copy numbers of repeats in flocculin genes that are likely related to the differential adhesion of Sb as compared to Sc. Core-proteome based taxonomy places Sb strains along with wine strains of Sc. We find the introgression of five genes from Z. bailii into the chromosome IV of Sb and wine strains of Sc. Intriguingly, genes involved in conferring known probiotic properties to Sb are conserved in most Sc strains.

Computerized ionospheric tomography based on geosynchronous SAR

AbstractComputerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) based on spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an emerging technique to construct the three‐dimensional (3‐D) image of ionosphere. The current studies are all based on the Low Earth Orbit synthetic aperture radar (LEO SAR) which is limited by long repeat period and small coverage. In this paper, a novel ionospheric 3‐D CIT technique based on geosynchronous SAR (GEO SAR) is put forward. First, several influences of complex atmospheric environment on GEO SAR focusing are detailedly analyzed, including background ionosphere and multiple scattering effects (induced by turbulent ionosphere), tropospheric effects, and random noises. Then the corresponding GEO SAR signal model is constructed with consideration of the temporal‐variant background ionosphere within the GEO SAR long integration time (typically 100 s to 1000 s level). Concurrently, an accurate total electron content (TEC) retrieval method based on GEO SAR data is put forward through subband division in range and subaperture division in azimuth, obtaining variant TEC value with respect to the azimuth time. The processing steps of GEO SAR CIT are given and discussed. Owing to the short repeat period and large coverage area, GEO SAR CIT has potentials of covering the specific space continuously and completely and resultantly has excellent real‐time performance. Finally, the TEC retrieval and GEO SAR CIT construction are performed by employing a numerical study based on the meteorological data. The feasibility and correctness of the proposed methods are verified.

Changing practice: The possibilities and limits for reshaping social work practice

Since 2010, the United Kingdom has witnessed a number of initiatives that shift away from reliance on performance management to improve social work with children and families, towards a renewed interest in practice models. This study reports on the evaluation of a local government programme in England to introduce and embed systemic family practice through the roll out of intensive training to social workers and frontline managers. It was anticipated through the programme that child protection social workers would undertake more direct work with families and build more positive relationships, resulting in a fall in the number of child protection plans and children experiencing repeat periods of care. The evaluation adopted a mixed-method approach encompassing an online survey of social workers, interviews with team managers and family members, a case audit and statistical analysis of local level metrics. It found limited employment of systemic family practice or improvement due to the programme. Adopting the 7 S framework, this study examines the barriers to and facilitators of successful change and identifies generic considerations for change programmes in child protection social work.

Pulsed irradiation for high-throughput curing applications

A xenon flash lamp was used to create intense pulsed light (IPL) irradiation to cure acrylate coatings at very high rates and ambient temperature; we investigate whether the achievable conversion can be increased compared to conventional irradiation and as the dose rate is increased with IPL parameters – pulse intensity, pulse duration, and pulse repeat period – and with the photoinitiator (PI) concentration and the curing temperature. Conversion of acrylate double bonds was measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In all cases, cure conversion increases with the number of pulses until it plateaus at the maximum achievable value, when the reduced mobility of reactive species prevents further reaction. Changing the pulse intensity, the pulse duration, and the pulse period – and even changing the photoinitiator loading – do not appreciably affect the achievable conversion at ambient temperature. Increasing the temperature can result in somewhat higher achievable conversion, but with the loss of advantages of ambient temperature cure. Consistent with the expectation that the cure rate should depend strongly on intensity, a single measured pulse with high dose rate can achieve millisecond-timescale cure of acrylate coatings, providing adequate curing dose while avoiding damage to the substrate from excessive exposure. In multiple pulse patterns, the achievable cure can be attained more quickly with higher dose rate; as opposed to a single pulse irradiation, the introduction of dark periods can reduce the total irradiation dose needed to attain the achievable cure conversion.

The East Caledonian Current: A Case Example for the Intercomparison between AltiKa and In Situ Measurements in a Boundary Current

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an assessment of SARAL/AltiKa satellite altimeter for the monitoring of a tropical western boundary current in the south-western Pacific Ocean: the East Caledonian Current. We compare surface geostrophic current estimates obtained from two versions of AltiKa along-track sea level height (AVISO 1 Hz and PEACHI 40 Hz) with two kinds of dedicated in situ datasets harvested along the satellite ground tracks: one deep-ocean current-meter mooring deployed in the core of the boundary current and five glider transects. It is concluded that the AltiKa-derived current successfully captures the velocity of the boundary current, with a standard error of 11 cm/s with respect to the in situ data. It also appears important to reference AltiKa sea level anomaly to the latest mean dynamic topography available in our area. Doing so, Ka-band altimetry provides a satisfactory representation of the western boundary current. Thereby, it usefully contributes to observing its variability in such a remote and under-observed ocean region. However, the rather long repeat period of SARAL (35 days) in comparison to the high frequency variability seen in the flow velocity of the boundary current calls for a combined use of SARAL with the other satellite altimetry missions.

Identification of repeats in DNA sequences using nucleotide distribution uniformity

Repetitive elements are important in genomic structures, functions and regulations, yet effective methods in precisely identifying repetitive elements in DNA sequences are not fully accessible, and the relationship between repetitive elements and periodicities of genomes is not clearly understood. We present an ab initio method to quantitatively detect repetitive elements and infer the consensus repeat pattern in repetitive elements. The method uses the measure of the distribution uniformity of nucleotides at periodic positions in DNA sequences or genomes. It can identify periodicities, consensus repeat patterns, copy numbers and perfect levels of repetitive elements. The results of using the method on different DNA sequences and genomes demonstrate efficacy and accuracy in identifying repeat patterns and periodicities. The complexity of the method is linear with respect to the lengths of the analyzed sequences. The Python programs in this study are freely available to the public upon request or at https://github.com/cyinbox/DNADU.

Drought stress memory in the photosynthetic mechanisms of an invasive CAM species, Aptenia cordifolia.

Plants are known for their high capacity to acclimatise to fluctuating environmental conditions. A wide range of environmental conditions can lead to suboptimal physiological efficiency. However, recent studies have shown that plants can withstand repeated periods of stress. To find out how they do it, we studied photosynthetic adjustments to repeated water stress in Aptenia cordifolia: a facultative, invasive CAM species. Plants were subjected to three cycles of water deficit, and photosynthetic parameters and chloroplast antioxidants were quantified to gain an understanding of the mechanisms by which they cope with repeated stress periods. Significant modification of the photosystems' antenna and reaction centres was observed in plants subjected to previous water stress cycles, and this led to higher PSII efficiency than in plants challenged with drought for the first time. These findings underline the biological significance of stress memory and show how plants can adjust their photosynthetic apparatus to fluctuating environmental conditions and thus optimise photosynthesis and photoprotection under drought conditions.

A distributed optical fiber sensing system for synchronous vibration and loss measurement

We propose a fully distributed fusion system combining phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) and OTDR for synchronous vibration and loss measurement by setting an ingenious frequency sweep rate (FSR) of the optical source. The relationships between FSR, probe pulse width and repeat period are given to balance the amplitude fluctuation of OTDR traces, the dead zone probability and the measurable frequency range of vibration events. In the experiment, we achieve synchronous vibration and loss measurement with FSR of 40 MHz/s, the proble pulse width of 100 ns and repeat rate of 0.4 ms. The fluctuation of OTDR trace is less than 0.45 dB when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is over 12 dB for a captured vibration event located at 9.1 km. The proposed method can be used for not only detection but also early warning of damage events in optical communication networks.

Adherence to Guidelines After Poor Colonoscopy Preparation: Experience From a Patient Navigator Program

In 2012, the US Multisociety Task Force (USMSTF) issued guidelines recommending that colonoscopies with poor bowel preparation should be repeated within 1 year. To our knowledge, adherence to guidelines in cases of poor bowel preparation has not been assessed within patient navigator programs. We aimed to measure adherence to this recommendation for patients with poor or inadequate colonoscopy preparation in an urban academic patient navigator program. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent colonoscopy through the direct-referral patient navigator program at an urban academic medical center in 2013 to determine whether patients with poor or inadequate preparation underwent a repeat colonoscopy within 1 year, as recommended by the 2012 USMSTF guidelines. Demographics and colonoscopy findings on index and repeat procedures were collected. Thirty-five of the 655 (5%) patient navigator colonoscopies performed by 8 providers had poor or inadequate preparation. Mean age of the 35 patients was 61.2 years (range, 45−81 years) and 20 (57%) were female. Thirty-two (91%) colonoscopies were for screening or surveillance indications, 32 (91%) achieved cecal intubation, 6 (17%) involved a trainee (fellow), and 11 (31%) patients with poor/inadequate preparation had at least 1 adenomatous polyp. A repeat colonoscopy was performed within 1 year in 26 (72%) patients with poor or inadequate preparation. Of the 35 index examinations, a recommendation to repeat within 1 year was documented in 21 (60%) of the colonoscopy reports: 8 of 10 (80%) in those that were repeated according to guidelines and 13 of 25 (52%) in those that were not. Of those that had appropriate repeat procedures after a report documenting this recommendation, 6 of 8 (75%) listed a repeat period within 6 months or less, compared with 3 of 13 (23%) from the group that did not have a repeat procedure. There is suboptimal adherence to the 2012 guidelines recommending a repeat colonoscopy within 1 year for patients with poor or inadequate colonoscopy preparation in a patient navigator program. This analysis suggests that adherence to guidelines can be improved by correctly documenting the need for a repeat procedure within 1 year or less in the procedure report.