Repair Sequences Research Articles

Seismic resilient three-stage enhancement for gas distribution network using computational optimization algorithms

A computer-simulation-based three-stage optimization strategy is proposed for the resilience enhancement of urban gas distribution networks (GDNs). In stage I (pre-earthquake stage), the Fixed Proportion and Direct Comparison Genetic Algorithm (FPDC-GA) is applied to select key pipelines need to be strenthened or replaced under limited funding in preparation for future potential earthquakes. In stage II (post-earthquake stage), pressure tests must be carried out according to the gas leakage situation reported by users or detected by devices. The Multi-Label K-Nearest-Neighbor (ML-KNN) algorithm is used to predict the corresponding failed pipelines and optimize the pipeline pressure test order. In stage III (repair stage), a strategy based on a greedy algorithm is applied to optimize the pipeline repair sequence. The proposed methods were applied to the GDN of a city in northern China. The following conclusions were drawn from the results: (1) The FPDC-GA enhanced the robustness and resourcefulness of the GDN system to the maximum level within the available funding budget. (2) The pipeline pressure test order calculated using the ML-KNN algorithm was significantly improved compared with a random pressure test order or one based on the empirical failure probability of pipelines. (3) After optimization using a greedy algorithm, the performance recovery curves under different earthquake conditions were shaped as an exponential function, which indicates that the performance of the GDNs recovered in the most efficient manner. The findings of this study could be useful as tools for the seismic resilience enhancement of GDNs in different stages. The proposed optimization algorithms can also be extended to the lifeline of other networks.

Versatility of Hard Occlusal Splints in Optimizing Outcomes in Patients with Old Pan-facial Fractures.

Background:Pan-facial fracture repair is considered one of the most challenging complex reconstructive procedures to perform. It is always better to treat facial fractures as soon as possible. A delay of several days or weeks makes an ideal anatomic reduction difficult, if not impossible.Methods:Patients presenting late with noncompound pan-facial fractures and interrupting maxillary and mandibular arches who were candidates for ORIF were included. Patients had been divided randomly into two groups: group A was managed by the ordinary sequence of repair, and group B was managed with the aid of occlusal dental splint.Results:In total, 20 patients presented late (3–9 weeks post insult) due to serious injuries that required previous intervention. The time until obtaining optimal occlusion ranged between 80 and 120 minutes in the study group, whereas in the control group, the time ranged between 120 and 180 minutes (P < 0.0001). Postoperative malocclusion was noticed to be less frequent in the splint group than in the control group: only one patient with residual malocclusion in the study group versus two patients in the control group.Conclusions:Occlusal splints could be a good modality for restoring the pre-morbid occlusion in patients with delayed pan-facial fractures. It is a simple, reliable technique that could be easily integrated into our daily practice, and could help decrease the intraoperative time needed for restoration of optimal occlusion and decrease the postoperative malocclusions.

Enactingburikko

AbstractAdopting a single case analysis, this article examines how the learning of the Japanese wordburikkois occasioned in a bilingual lunch conversation through enactments that are employed for three interactional purposes: (a) renewal of laughter, (b) vocabulary explanation (VE), and (c) demonstration of understanding. The interactional analysis is enhanced by Praat to respecify the role of prosody in enactments. I first describe howburikko, thelaughableof a humor sequence, becomes alearnablethrough a repair sequence. I then analyze a reinitiated joking sequence, where the VE recipient categorizes one of the co-participants asburikkoand escalates the categorization through multimodal enactments. I argue that this jocular mockery, occasioning a demonstration of understanding, exhibits that the learning opportunity has been taken. Furthermore, I discuss how a repair work embedded within a larger humor-oriented activity may afford resources for language learning outside of the classroom, while sacrificing progressivity for intersubjectivity. The fact that the VE recipient, after intersubjectivity has been achieved, resumes the original activity of pursuing humor through the same means employed for the explanation of the target word offers interesting implications for CA-SLA and pragmatics.

The application of contemporary self psychology to couple psychotherapy

This article summarises what the author sees as contemporary self psychology's main contributions to understanding and treating couples. The concepts of selfobject experience and needs, the "forward edge" of even very dysfunctional behaviour, and the centrality of the sense of self, add to our understanding of couples and the reasons for their difficulties. In addition, the theory's emphasis on listening from the patient's point of view, empathic attunement, viewing the therapist as a source of selfobject experience for the patient, close attention to narcissistic vulnerability and the rupture and repair sequence, and a collaborative, experiencenear interpretive process are all at least as useful in couple treatment as they are in individual treatment. From this perspective, the goal of couple therapy is to improve the partners' abilities to function as a reliable source of attuned selfobject experience for each other by targeting the various factors that interfere with their doing so, detailed in this article. The article also proposes that in some cases, psychoeducation, coaching, or suggestions can be experienced by the partners as attuned selfobject responses and/or can facilitate such responses between them, and thus can be appropriately part of a fundamentally psychoanalytic couple treatment.

Repair Sequence and Management of the Premaxilla in Patients With Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) remains a difficult surgical problem due to the severely protruding premaxillary segment, with no consensus of optimal treatment sequence in older patients. A systematic review of the literature was performed to assess the current status of BCLP repair based on age. A PRISMA systematic review of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases was performed using a series of search terms related to BCLP. Studies were categorized based on the age of presentation, repair sequence, and technique. The database search identified 381 articles. Of these, 72 manuscripts were ultimately included. The lip was repaired first in 1077 patients (86.0%), palate first in 161 patients (12.9%), and simultaneous lip and palate in 14 patients (1.1%). Patients less than 6 months old received lip repair first (n = 959, 98.6%), with complications of unaesthetic appearance (n = 86, 62.3%) and midface retrusion (n = 41, 34.1%) in younger patients and wound dehiscence (n = 8, 40%) in older patients. Primary lip repair was preceded by presurgical orthopedics (n = 760) or lip adhesion (n = 272) to reduce lip tension with nasoalveolar molding (n = 452, 62.9%) or the Latham device (n = 282, 37.1%). In older patients, the palate was repaired first or premaxillary setback (n = 222) was indicated in protruded premaxillae greater than 10 mm, but carried the risk of premaxilla mobility (n = 20, 37.7%) and midface retrusion (n = 10, 18.9%). In younger patients, lip repair is performed first with preoperative orthopedics or lip adhesion. In older patients, the palate is more commonly repaired first compared with the lip; however, there is no difference in complication rate.

Strategies to Enhance the Resilience of an Urban Rail Transit Network

An urban rail transit (URT) system is an important component of an urban infrastructure system; however, it is vulnerable to disturbances, such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks. Constructing a highly resilient URT network has practical significance for enhancing its capability to respond to disturbances. In this paper, models are developed to optimize a URT network’s structure with regard to resilience and to enhance the resilience of a disrupted URT network. A bi-level programming model that aims to maximize a URT network’s global accessibility and global efficiency is formulated to optimize the structure of the network. A novel repair strategy, called the simulation repair strategy, is proposed to enhance the resilience of a disrupted URT network by optimizing the repair sequence of failed stations. The models are utilized to enhance the resilience of the Chengdu subway network. The result indicates that the bi-level programming model guides the construction of new links to optimize the structure of the Chengdu subway network. Deliberate attacks are more harmful to the Chengdu subway network than random attacks. The network’s operators need to pay attention to the operations of critical stations (e.g., Chunxi Road station and Tianfu Square station) to prevent disturbances from exerting considerable negative effects on the network’s normal operations. The simulation repair strategy exhibits higher repair efficiency than the conventional repair strategy, and it effectively enhances the resilience of the disrupted Chengdu subway network.

Sequential Model for Long-Term Planning of Building Renewal and Capital Improvement

The paper puts forward a mixed integer linear programming model to support the long-term planning and budgeting for renewal and capital improvements of residential buildings, i.e., to select the optimal sequence of repair and improvement actions over a predefined planning horizon. The input is provided by the evaluation of the building performance according to a set of criteria. Then a set of possible repairs, replacements and improvements needs to be proposed together with the estimates of their cost and benefits; the latter are expressed by increments of building performance ratings according to predefined criteria. The renewal and modernization measures are not mutually independent: at least some of them are complementary and should be carried out in a specific order. The optimization problem was to define the order of renewal/improvement measures resulting with the highest benefits available within the budget, or to achieve the required levels of building performance at the lowest cost. A unique feature of the model is the approach to the constraints on sequential relationships between the measures and to their selection. The model can be used to construct long-term renewal and capital improvement plans.

Comparative analyses of two primate species diverged by more than 60 million years show different rates but similar distribution of genome-wide UV repair events

BackgroundNucleotide excision repair is the primary DNA repair mechanism that removes bulky DNA adducts such as UV-induced pyrimidine dimers. Correspondingly, genome-wide mapping of nucleotide excision repair with eXcision Repair sequencing (XR-seq), provides comprehensive profiling of DNA damage repair. A number of XR-seq experiments at a variety of conditions for different damage types revealed heterogenous repair in the human genome. Although human repair profiles were extensively studied, how repair maps vary between primates is yet to be investigated. Here, we characterized the genome-wide UV-induced damage repair in gray mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus, in comparison to human.ResultsWe derived fibroblast cell lines from mouse lemur, exposed them to UV irradiation, and analyzed the repair events genome-wide using the XR-seq protocol. Mouse lemur repair profiles were analyzed in comparison to the equivalent human fibroblast datasets. We found that overall UV sensitivity, repair efficiency, and transcription-coupled repair levels differ between the two primates. Despite this, comparative analysis of human and mouse lemur fibroblasts revealed that genome-wide repair profiles of the homologous regions are highly correlated, and this correlation is stronger for highly expressed genes. With the inclusion of an additional XR-seq sample derived from another human cell line in the analysis, we found that fibroblasts of the two primates repair UV-induced DNA lesions in a more similar pattern than two distinct human cell lines do.ConclusionOur results suggest that mouse lemurs and humans, and possibly primates in general, share a homologous repair mechanism as well as genomic variance distribution, albeit with their variable repair efficiency. This result also emphasizes the deep homologies of individual tissue types across the eukaryotic phylogeny.

Peer Repair in a Second Language Class: A Conversation Analytic Study

Conversation analysis is a significant approach on research of the second language teaching and learning, among which repair has attracted more and more attention from scholars. This study investigates peer repair sequences between three nonnative speakers of English while they engaged in free talk in the second language classroom. 40 minutes of naturally occurring talk between nonnative speakers were collected and analyzed. The present study reports on the data shows two types of peer repair: first, self-initiated and other-corrected; second, other-initiated and other-corrected. The analysis of the peer repair sequences shows that the self-initiated and other-corrected repair sequences follow a pattern of asking for confirmation on the production of a language item and receiving a correction, while the other-initiated repair do not follow the rules of preference for self-correction described in conversation analysis.

Management of Non-Healing Ulcer with topical application of Marham-i-‘Asal - A case study

The wounds which fail to progress through a timely sequence of repair or that proceed through the wound healing process without restoring anatomic and functional integrity are referred as chronic non-healing wounds. This study was conducted on a 50-year old male patient with a painful non-healing ulcer on the medial malleolus of the left lower limb caused by the use of hot water bag during harsh winter in Srinagar. The size of the wound was 2x2 cm on assessing the wound profile. The wound was treated with the application of an ointment made with the combination of powder of Astragalus sarcocolla and Honey in equal amounts. The ointment was applied twice a day on the wound for 20 days. After 7 days of daily application, there was a considerable reduction in the size of wound and significant improvement in other symptoms like pain and tenderness. The ulcer was completely healed in a time period of 21 days. The present case reports that, the ointment prepared with Astragalus sarcocolla and Honey is a cost effective treatment for chronic non-healing wound.

Hyperspectral band selection based on dual evaluation measures and improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm

A wide variety of swarm intelligence algorithm-based approaches have been recently developed for selecting the near-optimal bands from hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, such methods [including the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)] for HSIs pixel classification are limited by the lack of effective initialization and directional evolution. This research proposed a successive projections algorithm (SPA) and individual repair operation for NSGA (named Sr-NSGA) for band selection. Specifically, Sr-NSGA used the SPA to initialize the population and construct repair sequences that optimize new generated individuals in evolution. Meanwhile, with the guidance of two mutually restricted fitness functions, i.e., average mutual information and classification accuracy, Sr-NSGA searched for the near-optimal band set in an iterative way. Different combinations obtained by SR-NSGA and three effective band selection methods were tested and compared on the Botswana, KSC, and Indian Pines datasets. The results show that Sr-NSGA yielded better performance than the other three methods. Furthermore, support vector machine was used as the classifier for the pixel classification of the Indian Pines dataset to test Sr-NSGA. Experimental result show that Sr-NSGA achieves an overall accuracy of 95.57% and adapts to different classifiers.

Decision support system for street-road network objects repair

The article analyzes factors influencing managerial decisions adoption on repair of road network facilities (RN). Road repair is a challenge that must take into account a number of conflicting criteria. It is shown that decision-making process is a complex mental activity that consists in choosing the most effective strategy and, at present, repair work planning should be carried out using decision support systems (DSS), that is, a class of knowledge-based systems. DSS developing necessity for repair planning of RN has been substantiated. DSS architecture is described and it is shown that DSS allows increasing knowledge base by adding new knowledge without changing the structure, as well as encapsulating new knowledge into the system, increasing intellectual resource used in decision-making process. The parameters are determined, on the basis of which rules in DSS are formulated, which are necessary for making decisions on determining scope, timing, cost and sequence of repair and restoration work. Production rules examples are given. The general scheme of algorithm for planning repair and restoration works at RNF, as well as algorithm scheme for complex indicator calculating of transport and operational state-ensuring movement design speed dare described. Planning process formalized description and control actions development has been completed. It is shown that intelligent decision-making is an iterative, multi-level procedure, within which decisions table is analyzed to assess technical condition of RN facilities based on regulatory and technical documentation analysis. Situation description is consistently expanded by taking into account the quality of RN road marking, traffic intensity, road construction materials volumes, repair and restoration work cost, traffic management, seasonality and weather conditions, etc. (the number of taken into account parameters and levels of their description is not limited). The advantages of proposed approach to DSS implementation are described. It is shown that proposed DSS version provides situational adaptive intelligent control with ability to issue justified recommendations for carrying out repairs. The prospects for work development in this direction were considered and conclusion was made that management digitalization of repair activities, the digital transformation of management model and business processes in the field of RN repair will increase profits, increase operational efficiency, reduce repair costs and improve its quality.

The Interactional Organization of Video‐Mediated Collaborative Writing: Focus on Repair Practices

AbstractComputer‐supported collaborative writing in online interactional settings has long been a central research topic in TESOL at the interface of social interaction and writing. Although some studies focused on side‐by‐side participants’ social interactions for the co‐production of texts, geographically dispersed participants’ video‐mediated interactional practices for collaborative writing in digital spaces have largely remained a research gap. Using multimodal conversation analysis for the examination of screen recordings data, the study sets out to explore the interactional organization of collaborative writing in Google Docs via Skype. More specifically, the study limits its focus to the co‐construction of a single sentence within a second language telecollaborative writing task. The close analysis of the procedural unfolding of the writing activity shows that repair organization is central to the practice of collaborative writing and the participants move the text forward largely in an environment of repair sequences. This also brings further insights into the complex ecology of video‐mediated interactions for writing activities in digital spaces. All in all, this study describes the discursive aspect of computer‐supported collaborative writing in English as a foreign language and provides implications for future practices.

Humour as a pedagogical tool in teacher-initiated repair sequences: the case of extreme case formulations and candidate hearing

ABSTRACT Research on humour in second language classrooms has widely focused on the roles, social functions and markers of humour in interaction; however, little attention has been paid to the sequential mechanisms of humour and the relationship between repair and humour. Therefore, drawing on a conversation analytic approach, this study investigates teacher-initiated humour as a repair initiator in naturally occurring interaction and the pedagogical outcomes created. Sixteen hours of data from English as a second language classroom contexts have been analysed using Conversation Analysis. Conversation Analysis provides valuable opportunities for humour studies with meticulous attention given to sequentiality, and its repair mechanism is a tool for understanding how interlocutors deal with troubles. The findings suggest that teachers accomplish various pedagogical goals by initiating repair on prior student turns in the form of confirmation checks, which they mark as humorous through extreme case formulations and candidate hearing produced in smiley voice. In doing so, they make students’ turns disaffiliating and an elaboration relevant next, through which they elicit extended responses and create space for learning. Thus, via producing repair sequences as humorous, teachers progress their pedagogical agenda and also open up space for further language practice by encouraging elaboration and discussion.

Interactional sequences: child–adult collaboration in solving referring problems (Secuencias interlocutivas: colaboración adulto-niño en la solución de problemas referenciales)

ABSTRACT This study’s objective is to analyse repair sequences for referring problems that occur in conversation with young children (two to three years old), which have shown how reference recognition unfolds along a collaborative process. The results reveal that caretakers frame varying repair questions and that the children locally answer the caretakers’ questions, tending to display specific responses for specific repair frames: they either repeat their previous expression or utilize diverse, more informative expressions. Jointly considered, the contributions from children and caretakers display an informational equilibrium characteristic of parallel sequences in adult interactions. The repair sequences clearly attest to the children’s attention to the conversational exchange, the gradual reference optimization in their successive contributions and the delay in conversational progressivity with regard to the primary goal of achieving reference recognition.

Resilient Critical Infrastructure Planning Under Disruptions Considering Recovery Scheduling

Reliable and safe critical infrastructures are crucial for the sustainability of modern societies. To cope with increasing disruptive events such as man-made and natural disasters attacking infrastructures, resilience should be considered as an integrated perspective into the system planning process. This paper presents a p-robust optimization model for infrastructure network planning against spatially localized disruptions. The optimization aims at minimizing the investment costs for system hardening and expansion and the total system costs under nominal operating conditions, while incorporating resilience requirements by the p-robustness constraints. Importantly, instead of only mitigating system vulnerability, the proposed model integrates the arranging of the repair sequence of damaged components under limited repair resources into the preevent system planning. The complexity of the proposed model is analyzed, and a hybrid algorithm that combines scenario-based decomposition and variable neighborhood search is developed for its efficient solution. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated through an application to a real power transmission system. Quantitative analysis can assist managers in decision making regarding investing in different system protection actions and making a tradeoff between desired resilience and budget constraints.

Comparison of repair protocols for veneered zirconia as a function of surface conditioning parameters, ceramic primer types and defect sizes

This study assessed the effect of surface conditioning methods and ceramic primers on the repair strength of resin-composite to zirconia-veneering ceramic with different defect sizes. Zirconia (IPS e.max ZirCAD) (n = 30) and veneering ceramic (Creation) (n = 30) alone acted as control groups. In the 1st part of the study, zirconia was silica-coated (SC) and treated with 3 different ceramic primers (Monobond Plus + Helibond (MBP), Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus (CCP), Z-Prime Plus (ZPP)). Feldspathic ceramic was etched with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid (HF) and primed. After repairing with resin-composite (Empress Esthetic) and testing for shear bond strength (SBS), the best performing adhesive system (MBP) for both substrates (N = 60, n = 10 per group) was tested for defect sizes of (a) 3.2, (b) 4, (c) 5 mm with zirconia (diameter: 1.7 mm) being in the center (N = 60, n = 10 per group). Half of the specimens were repaired employing HFSC and the other half with SCHF. The specimens were stored in distilled water (37 °C, 24 h) and thermocycled (5–55 °C, 5000 cycles). The resin-substrate interface was loaded under shear force (1 mm/min). Data (MPa) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (α = 0.05). In the 1st study, MBP resulted in significantly higher SBS (MPa) for both zirconia and veneering ceramic (Zirconia: 14.2 ± 3.6; Veneer: 11.0 ± 3.7), compared to those of CCP (Zirconia: 9.4 ± 2.2; Veneer: 7.5 ± 3.4) and ZPP (Zirconia: 5.0 ± 0.9; Veneer: 5.9 ± 2.1) (p < 0.01). Neither the size of the defect (p > 0.05) nor repair sequence showed a significant effect (p > 0.05) on the repair bond strength with mainly mixed type with cohesive fracture in the veneering ceramic.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЛОСКУТОВ ПРЕДПЛЕЧЬЯ ПРИ ТЯЖЁЛЫХ ТРАВМАХ ВЕРХНЕЙ КОНЕЧНОСТИ И ИХ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯХ

Objective: Improving the outcomes of surgical treatment of upper limb (UL) injuries by using regional soft tissue flaps. Methods: The analysis of surgical interventions outcomes of integumentary tissue defects and forearm and hand structures of traumatic genesis was conducted in 37 patients. Traumatic injuries to the forearm and hand structures with soft tissue defects occurred in 11 patients, and 26 trauma patients were hospitalized. The patients had superficial soft tissue defects (STDs) involving various areas, accompanied by damage to the underlying neurovascular bundles (NVBs), tendons and bones. Results: Depending on the nature of trauma and the injured tissues’ state, the reconstruction sequence’s principle was followed. In 32 (86.5%) cases, the restoration of functional skin integument and reconstruction of injured anatomical structures of the limb were performed in a single stage. Twostage reconstruction was carried out in 5 (13.5%) patients, with initial STDs repair followed by reconstruction of the NVBs and tendons. Selection criteria for a sequence of surgical repair included the nature of the injury and the severity of the patient’s condition in emergencies. The following grafts were used: RFFF: radial forearm free flap (n=3); RRF: the reverse radial forearm flap (n=25); the ulnar reverse forearm flap (n=6), PIA: posterior interosseous artery flap (n=3). In the immediate postoperative period, compromised blood circulation in the transplanted flaps were observed in 2 (5.4%) cases. Timely diagnosis and treatment resulted in a positive outcome. Long-term functional and aesthetic outcomes of the reconstruction were considered acceptable in all patients. Conclusion: A proper surgical procedure selection for UL structures injuries and their consequences influences long term postoperative aesthetic and functional outcomes. Choice of single or multiple stages of reconstruction largely depends on the location of the defect, the state of the tissues in the recipient area and the nature of the injury to the underlying anatomical structures of the limb. Keywords: Upper limb, injuries and their consequences, soft-tissue defect, flaps.

REPAIR SEQUENCE AND RECOVERY TIME IN WATER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK RESILIENCY

Recent disasters highlighted that Water Distribution Systems (WDS) suffered greatly duringseismic events. But people cannot afford to have extended water service interruption as it is essential fordrinking, sanitation, and health. Thus, it is imperative that WDS provides adequate resistance to extreme events.And in the event of failure, it must recover back its functionality within short period. Resilience-basedengineering ensures that infrastructures be robust to adequately resist seismic events and recover from failurefast. It also requires to have resources and redundant systems. This implies that WDS must satisfy resiliencyrequirements for it to function satisfactorily during and after seismic events. This study quantifies the resiliencyof La Trinidad Water District (LTWD) through measuring the impacts of restoration sequences to recoveryduration and knowing which sequence satisfies resiliency. LTWD, in Benguet, Philippines, is at risk toearthquake due to geologic and geographic setting, thus, it must be “resilient”. In this study, restorationstrategies were conducted using constrained spanning trees to determine the most efficient networkconnectivity. Horn’s algorithm was applied to find the most efficient repair sequence. Results showed thatrestoration sequence is directly related to rapidity of resiliency. The shortest restoration resulted to a fasterrecovery to return back to its pre-event system functionality. For LTWD, restoration will take 8.62 days forfull recovery.

The impact of co-occurring communicative impairments on the understandability of atypical speakers’ talk

Contributing to conversation analytic research into ‘atypical interaction’ (i.e. naturally-occurring interactions involving one or more participants with a communication disorder), this paper focuses on talk by individuals who present with both aphasic (language) impairments and other communicative impairments (motor, motor programming or cognitive in nature). It shows how, in three such cases, the co-occurring impairments may each contribute to turns at talk by the atypical speaker which are particularly problematic in terms of their understandability. In each case these trouble source turns result in (1) the production of other-initiations of repair by the recipient which are ‘off track’, and (2) repair sequences which are notably prolonged. This type of investigation fills a gap in existing atypical interaction research where most analysis has focused on the impact of individual communicative impairments on talk-in-interaction.