Reorganization Of Production Research Articles

Passive Skin Friction Control Near Turbulent Separation – Preliminary Results

The paper deals with experimental analysis of passive skin friction control method applied for a high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer close to separation. A proposed new method is based on the mechanism of scale interaction observed in the wall bounded flows known as amplitude modulation of small scales by large-scale motion. The applied control technique introduces artificially amplification of the modulation mechanism using a corrugated surface in the direction of flow at specific ratio of surface waving parameters. Preliminary results show that the method can be use in an efficient way to postpone the turbulent boundary layer separation for high Reynolds number, where methods based on classical turbulizers fail. This method introduces reorganization of turbulence production, which introduces asymmetry between sweep and ejection events. This results in positive skewness of streamwise fluctuations and additionally increases the momentum near the wall. The momentum is increased only in the inner part of boundary layer. The persistent of the developed flow control method is permanent farther downstream the corrugated wall.

Reorganization of the value chain activities of oyster companies on the Atlantic coast following health crises in France (2006–2013)

Since the mid-2000s, the French oyster industry has faced hazards of various origins. The results of a field survey conducted under the “GIGASSAT”11http://www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr/?Projet=ANR-12-AGRO-0001. ANR Agrobiosphere programme have highlighted productive changes in the oyster farming industry in the Bay of Bourgneuf and the Mor Braz area (southern Brittany). Beyond this observation, one may wonder to what extent technological and biotechnological developments as well as natural environmental risks participate in the reorganization of production. In order to study this process, we have relied on the theoretical concept of Porter's value chain (1986) in the context of a value chain analysis.The survey covered different topics such as the perception of oyster mortality causes, adaptation strategies in terms of supply, abandonment of offshore farming areas in favour of foreshore areas and economic performance in oyster farming. The analysis of oyster farmers’ operational activities raises questions about the existence of various types of value chains at the beginning of the period of study, which should be seen in the context of technological innovation, natural advantages and interactions with other actors. The survey also shows that in a sanitary crisis context, some oyster farmers question the configuration of their value chain from a survival perspective, whereas others maintain it. This work contributes to the identification and characterization of the various trajectories adopted by farms within the same sector in the face of natural environmental risks.

Die Erweiterung des Fürsorge-Paradigmas im Sinne einer Postwachstumsgesellschaft

The ecological transformation needs a complete reorganisation of production. The logic of care and responsibility have to be placed in the centre of the economy. It is not sufficient to integrate the value of women’s work into the indicators of wealth (GDP) – the entire paradigm of growth has to be questioned. In order to avoid that bad working conditions and poor remuneration in »green« jobs forster the gendered division of labor it is inevitable to reorganize the economy as a whole. It is essential to again call for the reduction of working hours in wage labor so that men and women can participate in any economic activity, paid and unpaid.

Effects of tunnelling and asymmetry for system-bath models of electron transfer.

We apply the newly derived nonadiabatic golden-rule instanton theory to asymmetric models describing electron-transfer in solution. The models go beyond the usual spin-boson description and have anharmonic free-energy surfaces with different values for the reactant and product reorganization energies. The instanton method gives an excellent description of the behaviour of the rate constant with respect to asymmetry for the whole range studied. We derive a general formula for an asymmetric version of the Marcus theory based on the classical limit of the instanton and find that this gives significant corrections to the standard Marcus theory. A scheme is given to compute this rate based only on equilibrium simulations. We also compare the rate constants obtained by the instanton method with its classical limit to study the effect of tunnelling and other quantum nuclear effects. These quantum effects can increase the rate constant by orders of magnitude.

Classification of factors of development of transport infrastructure in the region

The formation of a unified strategy for the development of the transport infrastructure of the region is considered to be the basic direction of the developing the whole territory The article is devoted to determining priorities in the implementation of programs of redevelopment of the regional plants. The submission suggested authors the characteristics of a grouping of theoretical and practical approaches to spatial reorganization of production. The result of this research, the specific recommendations on the application of redevelopment for the development of industrial areas. The organization of economic relations within the eastern regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the implementation of economic activities involving the transit and processing of a multitude of material and intangible flows on their territory, is a priority task of the state policy of smoothing the development of the regions of the country. To solve these macroeconomic problems, the transport infrastructure of the region has a priority.

Reyes, obispos y campesinos. Territorio y poblamiento entre la Tardoantigüedad y la Alta Edad Media en el valle del Trubia (Asturias)

This paper presents the results of the historical and archaeological study of various territories located in the region of Asturias (low basin of the river Trubia, Northwest of Spain), between 8th and 12th Centuries, in which the monarchy of the Asturian Kingdom played an important role. Combining the critical appraisal of written documents with archaeological sources and different research methods (landscape archaeology, GIS, ethnoarchaeology, geoarchaeology, archaeobotany, etc.), a first interpretation on the processes of political transformation, social stratification, reorganisation of peasantry and production during the Early Middle Ages is established.

Lesion characteristics driving right-hemispheric language reorganization in congenital left-hemispheric brain damage

Pre- or perinatally acquired (“congenital”) left-hemispheric brain lesions can be compensated for by reorganizing language into homotopic brain regions in the right hemisphere. Language comprehension may be hemispherically dissociated from language production. We investigated the lesion characteristics driving inter-hemispheric reorganization of language comprehension and language production in 19 patients (7–32years; eight females) with congenital left-hemispheric brain lesions (periventricular lesions [n=11] and middle cerebral artery infarctions [n=8]) by fMRI. 16/17 patients demonstrated reorganized language production, while 7/19 patients had reorganized language comprehension. Lesions to the insular cortex and the temporo-parietal junction (predominantly supramarginal gyrus) were significantly more common in patients in whom both, language production and comprehension were reorganized. These areas belong to the dorsal stream of the language network, participating in the auditory-motor integration of language. Our data suggest that the integrity of this stream might be crucial for a normal left-lateralized language development.

Identification of a Novel Alternatively Spliced Form of Inflammatory Regulator SWAP-70-Like Adapter of T Cells.

Activation of naive CD4+ T cells results in the development of several distinct subsets of effector Th cells, including Th2 cells that play a pivotal role in allergic inflammation and helminthic infections. SWAP-70-like adapter of T cells (SLAT), also known as Def6 or IBP, is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for small GTPases, which regulates CD4+ T cell inflammatory responses by controlling Ca2+/NFAT signaling. In this study, we have identified a novel alternatively spliced isoform of SLAT, named SLAT2, which lacks the region encoded by exons 2–7 of the Def6 gene. SLAT2 was selectively expressed in differentiated Th2 cells after the second round of in vitro stimulation, but not in differentiated Th1, Th17, or regulatory T (Treg) cells. Functional assays revealed that SLAT2 shared with SLAT the ability to enhance T cell receptor- (TCR-) mediated activation of NFAT and production of IL-4 but was unable to enhance TCR-induced adhesion to ICAM-1. Ectopic expression of SLAT2 or SLAT in Jurkat T cells resulted in the expression of distinct forms of filopodia, namely, short versus long ones, respectively. These results demonstrate that modulating either SLAT2 or SLAT protein expression could play critical roles in cytokine production and actin reorganization during inflammatory immune responses.

The growth of precarious employment in Europe: Concepts, indicators and the effects of the global economic crisis

AbstractSince the 1970s, the reorganization of production and neoliberal “flexibilization” have made employment increasingly precarious in the developed economies. Examining the concept of precarious employment, the author focuses on two of its dimensions – insecurity and poverty – which he uses to construct a “precariousness index”. Based on Eurostat data for 1995–2015, he then tracks the growth of precarious employment across the EU‐15 and assesses the impact of the 2008 global economic crisis in this respect. While precarious employment generally increased after the crisis, this trend was driven more by poverty in the most deregulated labour markets and more by insecurity in the southern European countries.

FDI and Business Internationalization of the Unorganized Sector: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing

Available evidence, though limited to the organized sector only, suggests that FDI generally flowing in with MNE activities or FIIs generate technological and market access spillovers for firms outside the core group in destination countries. We investigate the organizational link between formal and informal sectors in India and argue that the spread of internationalization is more when production outsourcing prevails between such units. Higher wage in the organized sector is a factor that breaks standard institutional barriers leading to outsourcing of production to informal units. The evidence is puzzling to the extent that foreign capital and better know-how as drivers of international business to developing countries usually relax the credit constraint facing formal sector units at the destination. Using a measure of technology and a panel data for a large number of industrial units in India, we show that FDI transmitted through technology spill over leads to significant increase in the gross value added for the firms located in the informal sector. The paper points out that production reorganization associated with international business should provide additional insights for standard measures of internationalization of production and services.

Una nueva perspectiva de la integración energética en Sudamérica

La presente investigación pretende demostrar que sólo a través de una nueva política energética basada en la generación, transformación, transmisión, distribución y comercialización de energía eléctrica obtenida a través de fuentes o recursos renovables en la región, acompañada de procesos de planificación, reorganización productiva y regulación de marcos legales adecuados que permitan la libre inversión y la gobernabilidad democrática; la integración energética andina y suramericana será alcanzable y deseable. La nueva visión de política energética en la región andina tendría que estimarse con base en los principios de eficiencia, universalidad, complementariedad y competitividad que se logran a través de la obtención de una política energética más amplia acompañada de la modernización del mercado energético, donde se involucre la viabilidad económica, así como el aprovechamiento macroeconómico, industrial, social, ambiental y político. En definitiva, es la búsqueda de una nueva arquitectura energética en la región andina, que permita la convergencia de una matriz común, como primer paso hacia una real integración energética para América del Sur.

The problem of milk in the nineteenth-century Ontario cheese industry: an envirotechnical approach to business history

This article analyses Ontario’s export-oriented cheese industry and its challenges in the second half of the nineteenth century using an ‘envirotechnical’ approach. The reorganisation of cheese production from farms to rural factories in the 1860s increased opportunities for spoilage and adulteration of milk at the same time that it made detecting and managing the same more difficult, which compelled the provincial dairymen’s associations to develop quasi-managerial roles to contend with these unanticipated challenges. The ‘problem of milk’ highlights the extent to which the rural cheese industry was an ecological and envirotechnical process rather than an entity separate from the non-human world. Ultimately this case study offers one model for combining environmental and business histories at a scale beyond the individual firm while also highlighting the relevance of the local in the development of the global food system in the late-nineteenth century.

Infrastructures of progress and dispossession

This article examines what economic growth and state versions of progress have done to small and medium-scale farmers in an urban setting, in Arequipa in southern Peru. The general reorganization of production, resources, and labor in the Peruvian economy has generated a discursive move to reposition small and medium-scale farmers as backward. This article analyzes how farmers struggle to find their place within a neoliberal urban ecology where different conceptions of what constitutes progress in contemporary Peru influence the landscape. Using an analytical lens that takes material and organizational infrastructures and practices into account, and situates these in specific historical processes, the article argues that farmers within the urban landscape of Arequipa struggle to reclaim land and water, and reassert a status that they experience to be losing. Such a historical focus on material and organizational infrastructural arrangements, it is argued, can open up for understanding how local and beyond-local processes tangle in complex ways and are productive of new subjectivities; how relations are reconfigured in neoliberal landscapes of progress and dispossession. Such an approach makes evident how state and nonstate actors invest affects, interests, and desires differently within a given landscape.

Draying and Picking: Precarious Work and Labor Action in the Logistics Sector

Recent research on labor market conditions in the United States points to a rise in “precarious work,” which is characterized by low wages, unstable and/or temporary work arrangements, underemployment, economic insecurity, and an absence of employer‐provided benefits. This article examines the prevalence of precarious work in the growing logistics sector of the U.S. economy and the mechanisms facilitating these working conditions. These domestic developments are placed in the context of the geographic reorganization of production and the restructuring of the employment relationship under a neo‐liberal political economic regime. This article highlights two logistics industries, drayage trucking and warehouse/distribution centers (W/DCs)—and the challenges facing workers in these industries. For port truckers, this involves their misclassification as “independent contractors.” For W/DC workers, the core issue is labor outsourcing and temporary work. The article concludes with an overview of recent labor actions taken to improve conditions for workers.

FDI and Business Internationalization of the Unorganized Sector: Evidence from Indian Manufacturing

Available evidence, though limited to the organized sector only, suggests that FDI flowing in with MNE activities or direct FIIs generate technological and market access spillovers for firms outside the core group in destination countries. We investigate the organizational link between formal and informal sectors in India and argue that the spread of internationalization is more when production outsourcing prevails between such units. Higher wage in the organized sector is a factor that breaks standard institutional barriers leading to outsourcing of production to informal units. The evidence is puzzling to the extent that foreign capital and better know-how as drivers of international business to developing countries usually relax the credit constraint facing formal sector units at the destination and cause expansion of formal units. Using a measure of technology and a panel data for a large number of industrial units in India, we show that FDI transmitted through technology spillover leads to significant increase in the gross value added for several industries located in the informal sector. The paper points out that production re-organization associated with international capital movements should provide additional insights for standard measures of internationalization of production and services.

Fleet management in European integration: the case of military helicopter support

ABSTRACTThe article focuses on both economics and spatial issues related to Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO) of defence platforms in Europe. Using facts and figures related to costs, trends and fleet sizes evolution, the authors discuss the interest of a spatial reorganisation of MRO production. Given the fiscal situation of the main European countries with a modern army, the relevant scale to consider the reorganisation is certainly Europe. Through the example of defence helicopters fleets of a selection of European countries, the authors address the question of cooperation of the MRO. A greater cooperation in the support of fleets would lead to a spatial reorganisation of MRO. On one side economies can be expected from this reorganisation, but, on the other hand, new problems arise. Specifically, a number of costs associated with different forms of “distances” – geographical, operational and political distances – limit the potential savings that could be expected. This work provides insights on these important issues for the construction of a European defence, both in its political, military and industrial dimensions.

Surviving Chinese Competition in a Post-Multi-Fibre Arrangement World

Mauritius is a small island economy where textile and clothing firms were previously benefiting from preferential access to the EU and the US markets under the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) which imposed limits on the exports of big exporters. With the phasing out of the MFA, Mauritian textile and clothing firms now have to compete with Asian drivers, especially China, without any artificial support. This article studies post-MFA stabilization in a sample of clothing firms in Mauritius. Data are collected by means of face-to-face interviews with the senior management of 20 firms. Findings indicate that the firms have been involved in a series of changes after the phase out of the MFA. These changes include investment in technology, marketing strategies, production reorganization, rationalizing and closing down units of production, and increased specialization. Evidence also indicates that the competitive edge of Mauritian firms lies in their ability to accept small orders with short lead times, and delivering good quality on time. Institutions have also played a major role in ensuring the survival of the clothing industry through industrial policy and relevant support structures.

Revolutions in the Grass: Energy and Food Systems in Continental North America, 1763–1848

This article draws connections between the political revolutions of the Atlantic World and the equally powerful environmental revolutions occurring in North America between 1763 and 1848. The political-economic transformations that shook coastal cities also reverberated in the reorganization of food production and indirectly grass consumption, revealing deep interconnections between imperial objectives, continental land use practices, and the emergence of a global food system. Understanding the critical role of nonhuman actors, including grass and herbivores, reveals deeper relationships shared between early modern political, cultural, and environmental history.

Evaluation of wider economic impacts of light rail investment on cities

Transport plays a critical role in facilitating competitiveness in post-industrial economies. High quality transport services and infrastructure enhance internal and external connectivity. This research examines published and unpublished evidence of economic impacts of modern light rail (tram and light metro) systems in the United Kingdom and globally. Evidence is considered relating outcomes of investment in light rail systems to: unlocking previously hard to reach sites for development; triggering fresh growth through elimination of significant transport constraints; stimulation of inward investment; extension of labour market catchment areas; reorganisation or rationalisation of production, distribution and land use; and land and property value increase and capture. Urban light rail investment can help regenerate Central Business Districts and boost employment and property prices. Similar rail investments in different locations may not however have the same economic impacts — geography matters. Other conditions in addition to transport investment are required for positive externalities.

Reflections on a Dance

In We Are in This Dance Together: Gender, Power, and Globalization at a Mexican Garment Firm, Nancy Plankey-Videla elucidates how changing international markets impacted the reorganization of factory work at a Mexican garment firm she calls Moctezuma. Plankey-Videla captures how shifts in global capitalism directly impacted workers at Moctezuma, and in particular, the women who represented 85% of the firm’s workers. Faced with increasing international pressure, managers at Moctezuma implemented changes in manufacturing practices that brought the firm in line with Japanese-style lean production. These changes appeared to be successful, as workers continued to meet management’s goals in terms of quality and productivity. Still, in a context of ongoing struggles, continued re-organization of production, and changing support from the state – to name a few of the issues plaguing Moctezuma – women workers eventually led a call for action and mobilized to strike. Plankey-Videla’s We Are in This Dance Together provides readers with an analysis of the interrelated global, state, and local factors that led to the activism and resistance of women workers, and, in the end, to the closing of Moctezuma. In the spirit of a symposium that enables interaction between Plankey-Videla and her reviewers, in this essay I ask the author to reflect on her work as an ethnographer at Moctezuma, ISSN: 1076-156X | Vol. # 21 No. 2 | http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2015.26 | jwsr.org