Rent Allowance Research Articles

التغير في أسعار الأراضي وبدلات الإيجار في مدينة هيت مورفولوجياً

The research aims to analyze the morphological change in land prices and rent allowances in the city of Hit, and the reason for this discrepancy in the city of Hit, and its municipal boundaries consisting of (18) neighborhoods, and to shed light on the prices and rents of land and to know the extent of the impact of commercial speculation in it, and then indicate the impact of these prices on the uses of land. The land in the city, as there is a large variation in the prices and rents of land during the urban stages that the city has gone through and between the parts of the city of Hit. The research relied mainly on the field study in the process of obtaining information and data, as well as a number of library sources and data from government departments related to this subject, in addition to personal interviews with owners of real estate offices in the study area.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE OLD INCOME TAX AND THE NEW TAX REGIME ON INDIAN INDIVIDUAL TAX PAYERS

The Indian government has announced a new tax slab in the Union Budget for 2020–21. The government did not abolish the previous tax system; this new tax slab is sometimes referred to as an optional tax regime. The option for the taxpayer is to select the tax regime—either the old or the new. Compared to the previous tax structure, the new tax regime features a lower tax bracket. The option for the taxpayer is to select either the new tax structure with lower tax slabs or the previous tax structure with higher tax slabs but tax benefits. The previous tax system allowed taxpayers to make use of existing tax breaks such as the house rent allowance, leave travel allowance, and other deductions allowed by the Income Tax Act of 1961. The advantages of the current exemptions and deductions that are offered under the old tax regime will not be available to individuals who choose the new tax regime. The new tax system has a lower tax rate and six tax slabs, compared to the old tax system's higher tax rate and three tax slabs. In both tax regimes, the tax rate for individual under 60 is comparable because they are exempt up to 2.5 lakh. Additionally, individuals who are residents of India for income tax purposes are eligible to claim a tax rebate of up to Rs. 12,500 against their tax liabilities under Section 87A, provided taxable income does not exceed Rs. 5, 00,000.

Relationship between Allowances and Performance of Civil Servants: A Case of President's Office – Constitution, Legal Affairs, Public Service and Good Governance in Zanzibar

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between allowances and the performance of civil servants: a case of president's office – constitution, legal affairs, public service, and good governance in Zanzibar. The study used Case Study Design which involved a quantitative research approach. A sample size of 120 respondents was used, and a questionnaire collected the data that were used in compiling the results. The study revealed that there is a positive relationship between cash allowance, saving overtime allowance, house rent allowance, and performance of civil servants of the President's Office – Constitution, Legal Affairs, Public Service, and Good Governance in Zanzibar. The study concluded that there is a significant positive relationship between cash allowance, overtime allowance, and house allowance and the performance of civil servants of the President's Office – Constitution, Legal Affairs, Public Service, and Good Governance in Zanzibar. The study recommended that the government of Zanzibar should increase cash allowance, overtime allowance, and house allowance and even offer other allowances since allowances have a strong relationship with the performance of civil servants.

Income Tax Regime- Old Vs New

The Government of India has announced new tax slab in Union Budget 2020-21. This new tax slab is also called as Optional tax regime because Government has not abolished old tax regime. The tax payer has option to choose the tax regime i.e. either Old or New which is better for them. The new tax regime has lower tax slab as compared to old tax structure. The taxpayer has given an option to either choose new tax structure with lower tax slab or the old tax one with tax benefit but higher tax slabs. The old tax regime enable taxpayer to avail existing tax exemption such as Leave Travelling Allowance, House Rent Allowance & deductions available under Income Tax Act, 1961. While those who are opting new tax regime will not have to avail advantages of existing exemptions & deductions that are available under old tax regime. The old tax regime has higher tax rate and three tax slab, whereas new tax regime has lower tax rate & six tax slabs. There is similarity in tax rate in case of individual below 60 years of age in both tax regime as it is exempted up to 2.5 lakh. In addition to this as per Section 87A (Introduced in Finance Act, 2003) Individual who is resident of India for Income Tax purpose, is entitled to claim tax rebate up to Rs.12,500 against tax liability if his/her Income does not exceed Rs.5,00,000 for old as well as new tax regime. Keywords: Income Tax, Tax Slab, Exemptions, Deductions, Old Vs New Tax Regime.

The Error in the CPI, Which Precludes It Use in Inflation Targeting

In this paper, we examine the trends in the CPI and the core part of the CPI to bring out a grievous error in the core CPI. The core in certain years shows a jump of as much as 7% in certain quarters due to the error in the way the rent prices are computed. During the periods following the Pay Commission implementation, the “ rent” prices rise in the CPI, because the rents for the entire population are imputed from the “House Rent Allowance” accorded to government employees. “Rents” in the CPI have jumped up by as much as 35% in certain quarters, hugely overestimating the true inflation. This vitiates any use of the core CPI for monetary policy including inflation targeting. This will-o’-wisp that the RBI chased, had no doubt constrained growth in India.

Effect of Compensation on Employee Performance: In Case of Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital

Compensation is very important for the performance of the employees. Therefore they are very important for the organization too. This study aimed to examine the effect of compensation on employee performance in Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital. The study was conducted from November 2018 to June 2019 and included all employees of the hospital. A questionnaire was designed to collect the data on the elements related to compensation like basic salary, bonus, house rent allowance, overtime policy, leave policy and employee performance. The study was used explanatory research design and both primary and secondary data was used to conduct this study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to infer the target population of the study. The data was collected from the employees of Mizan Tepi university teaching hospital. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 20 Version. Descriptive and explanatory statistics was used to analyze the data and a sample of 213 employees was used to collect the data. However, only 200 employees responded to the questionnaires and hence, the response rate was 94 percent. Besides, descriptive statistical tools like frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation are used to illustrate the demographic characteristics of the respondents and to assess the perception of employees from data collected through questionnaire and the study revealed that majority of the respondents feel disagreed on compensation elements of the organization. Inferential statistical methods like correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between compensation elements and employee performance, multiple linear regression analysis also was employed to examine the influence of compensation elements on employee performance by using primary data collected through five scale likert questionnaire. Based on the findings of the study, all factors of employee performance have a positive and statistically significant correlation with employee performance. The multiple linear regression analysis (R2) implies that about 54.4% shows that compensation elements determine the variation of employee performance of Mizan Tepi university teaching hospital. Also the regression result revealed that all explanatory variables except bonus have a significant effect on employee performance. This indicated that compensation elements determine employee performance of Mizan Tepi university teaching hospital. Therefore, Mizan Tepi university teaching hospital should implement compensation elements appropriately and continuously as an indispensable tool to improve and maintain sustainable employee performance. Keywords : employee performance, basic salary, bonus, house rent allowance, overtime policy and leave policy. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-31-05 Publication date: November 30 th 2020

The social problems of returning IDPs "A comparative field study between Mosul and Ramadi»

The research aims to identify the causes of displacement from the cities of Ramadi and Mosul and to identify the similarities and differences in the social, economic, educational and other problems faced by the returnees to the cities of Ramadi and Mosul. The researchers used the methods of social survey and comparative approach. Part of the research community, namely, the interview, the observation and the questionnaire, and was based on the "non-probabilistic" sample of 200 displaced persons returning to Mosul and 200 displaced persons returning to Ramadi. The researchers found several results, the most important of which is that there is a similarity between the displaced in the reasons of their displacement between the two cities, in order to feel safe and with many problems, including: the inability to adapt, the cost of rent allowances, begging, homelessness, alcohol and drug addiction, Family relations, the spread of epidemics, diseases, etc., and distrust of the central government in achieving security. However, there have been many differences in the problems experienced by the returnees, the difference of sectarian, demographic, tribal and other nature between the two cities.

Government Policy of House Rent Allowances (HRA) in India: Needfor a Sustainable Perspective

House Rent Allowance policy in government organizations have been in force since the independence of India. Government wants to provide residential quarters for their employees, so that employees could reach on their duty in time. Due to non-availability of sufficient numbers of quarters, government arranged to provide House Rent Allowances so that employee could afford a house on rent in the nearby office locality. This was done after making a survey and more or less a practical market rate could be made available to the employees. But due to coming of many new scenarios in the public, the HRAgiven could not compete with thththe practical aspects of HRA. In last two pay commissions viz 6& 7the HRApolicy was much lucrative. Despite this all a review of the policy is required to make it more uniform and acceptable

A Comprehensive Analysis and Optimization of the HRA and Procurement of Property

The present paper deals with the tax structure of house rent allowance (HRA) and procurement of real estate in India. HRA forms a popular basis of compensating employees in India - both in public and private sectors. HRA attracts personal taxation from Income Tax point of view. Although there are certain incentives to the acquisition of property in tax laws, an optimization study was required to be done from the point of view of personal assesses. The present study is expected to fill this gap.

Towards a Better Balance on the Dutch Housing Market? Analysis and Policy Propositions

Abstract Although Dutch housing policies seem quite developed in terms of money and instruments, the Dutch housing market is not functioning effectively. Housing shortages are prevalent in areas of economic growth, property prices are high, and substantial segments of the population are experiencing accessibility and affordability problems. We think that this is partly due to the fact that the current Dutch housing policy is inconsistent and ineffective. The government provides strong support for the demand for housing (via mortgage interest relief for owner-occupiers and rent allowances for tenants) but, at the same time, it is enforcing regulations and planning restrictions that are hampering the production of housing. Furthermore, the rent allowance is means-tested whereas owner-occupiers from all income groups are eligible for fiscal support. This creates a gap between the rental sector and the owner-occupier sector and obstructs movement between the two. In order to tackle these problems, the VROM-co...

Reflections on Community Housing in Australia

This paper examines the limited extent to which community housing has developed in Australia, with particular reference to the Community Housing Program. The significance of community housing is assessed in the context of changing federal housing policies. The move away from construction subsidies towards rent allowances implies that the modest growth of community housing to date is not likely to be accelerated without significant additional funding.

Manorial Estate Officials and Opportunity in Late Medieval English Society

"Manorial Estate Officials and Opportunity in Late Medieval English Society." This essay explores the evolution of manorial estate offices after the Black Death, and the opportunities now open to peasants holding positions such as hayward. In contrast to familiar stereotypes, these offices were not necessarily low-paying, crushingly burdensome, and held only by tricksters such as Chaucer's reeve. Changing conditions required rent collectors rather than labor supervisors, and at manors such as Wymondham Grishagh, Norfolk, the old offices were adapted to the new circumstances. Rather than a 4s. rent allowance the pay might be as high as 40s. a year, and opportunities existed for a man so inclined to make an occupation of collecting rents at many different manors. While not a ticket to wealth and higher social status, the added income and prestige of the offices were one of numerous ways families could exploit the now favorable economic conditions of the fifteenth century.

In line.

If special duty payments are to be abolished then pay levels need to be in line with the Police Force - including the perks ie. rent allowance.

Housing Choice in a Regulated Market: A Nested Multinomial Logit Analysis

The paper integrates several important elements of the institutionalized and regulated nature of the housing market and analyzes the relationship between household type and housing choice in Vienna within a nested multinomial logit framework. In particular, the concept of household specific choice sets is used to account for institutional, informational and income‐based constraints of the choice process. Government subsidies (such as housing and rent allowances, non‐interest‐bearing state loans) are explicitly taken into account in the definition of variables. Housing choice is considered in three stages: the choice of a dwelling unit given dwelling type and residential zone, the choice of a dwelling type given residential zone, and the marginal choice of a residential zone. The coefficients are derived by means of a sequential ML‐procedure. The empirical results clearly indicate that demographic variables have significant impacts on housing choice behavior. Income as a single explanatory variable as well as its interacting with size measures and the quality of the house are found to be important criteria for dwelling unit choice, as housing cost variables for dwelling type choice behavior. The dwelling unit and dwelling type choice submodels fit reasonably well, whereas the residential zone model is less successful.

Temporal Aspects of Claiming Behaviour: Renewal of Rent Allowances

ABSTRACTThe dimension of time has been relatively neglected in studies of means-tested benefits. This article explores some of the issues which arise when time is considered explicitly. It is based on housing department records for 205 rent allowance claimants in Bristol which were monitored over a twenty-seven- to thirty-two-month period between November 1974 and June 1977. All the claimants had initially applied for rent allowances in response to a one-off promotion undertaken by the local authority and so they do not constitute a representative sample. Nevertheless mathematical controls indicate that the findings are fairly robust. Only a third of the claimants studied were continuously in receipt of rent allowances during the monitoring period and most claimants who dropped out of the scheme did so as a consequence of changes in their circumstances rather than because they failed to reapply. For most claimants, therefore, the rent allowance scheme provided temporary assistance rather than continuing financial support. The implications of the marked fluctuations in the financial circumstances of the observed claimants are discussed in relation to the administration of means-tested schemes.

Rent allowances—six years on

Abstract The lynch-pin of the Conservative Government's now notorious Housing Finance Act, and the White Paper, Fair Deal for Housing, upon which it was based, was the system of housing allowances aimed at subsidising people rather than housebuilding. All rents, in both public and private sectors, were to be brought onto a common “fair”2 basis and the subsidies to dwellings were to be reduced by cutting back on direct subsidies to local authority building programmes and by permitting rent increases in the private sector, thus reducing the indirect subsidies to private tenants. Although the scheme was intended as a housing policy measure it was also “an important new weapon against family poverty.”3 The Family Income Supplement, another scheme launched in 1970, was aimed at helping those whose incomes were low in relation to their family responsibilities, “but people with low incomes and high rents need more help than those with low incomes and low rents.”4 This was exactly the difficulty to be met by the new housing allowance.