Renewable Potential Research Articles

Core-shell Cu7S4@PDA nanoboxes as a novel cathode for aluminum batteries

Battery energy storage technology is key to unlocking green renewable power's full potential. Cathode material is a key factor affecting the performance of aluminum batteries (ABs). In this paper, a novel core-shell Cu7S4@PDA nanobox cathode material for ABs was designed and prepared by a reasonable method. At 0.2 A/g, the Cu7S4@PDA nanoboxes can provide a reversible capacity of 142 mAh/g after 100 cycles, and the coulombic efficiency (CE) of almost all cycles is maintained around 100 %. Even at 3 A/g, Cu7S4@PDA can deliver a capacity of 68 mAh/g. The results show that PDA coating reduces the irreversible dissolution of S in Cu7S4, prevents the pulverization and agglomeration of Cu7S4, and improves its structural stability and conductivity.

Application of PV on Commercial Building Facades: An Investigation into the Impact of Architectural and Structural Features

The rapid global transition toward renewable energy necessitates innovative solar PV deployment strategies beyond conventional roof installations. In this context, commercial building facades represent an expansive yet underutilized resource for solar energy harvesting in urban areas. However, existing studies on commercial rooftop solar PV predominantly focus on European contexts, neglecting the unique design constraints and performance trade-offs present in regions such as the Middle East. This study addresses this gap by specifically investigating the impact of architectural and structural features on the utilizable facade area for PV deployment in commercial buildings within the hot desert climate of Saudi Arabia. Detailed case studies of twelve representative buildings are conducted, combining architectural drawing analysis, on-site measurements, and stakeholder surveys. The methodology identified sixteen parameters across three categories—facade functionality, orientation suitability, and surrounding obstructions—that impose technical and non-technical restrictions on photovoltaic integration 3D modeling, and irradiance simulations revealed that, on average, just 31% of the total vertical facade area remained suitable for PV systems after accounting for the diverse architectural and contextual limitations. The study considered 698 kWh/m2 of solar irradiance as the minimum threshold for PV integration. Shopping malls displayed the lowest utilizability, with near-zero potential, as extensive opaque construction, brand signage, and shading diminish viability. Offices exhibited the highest utilizability of 36%, owing to glazed facades and unobstructed surroundings. Hotels and hospitals presented intermediate potential. Overall, the average facade utilizability factor across buildings was a mere 16%, highlighting the significant hurdles imposed by contemporary envelope configurations. Orientation unsuitability further eliminated 12% of the initially viable area. Surrounding shading contributed an additional 0.92% loss. The results quantify the sensitivity of facades to aspects such as material choices, geometric complexity, building form, and urban context. While posing challenges, the building facade resource holds immense untapped potential for solar-based urban renewal. The study highlights the need for early architectural integration, facade-specific PV product development, and urban planning interventions to maximize the renewable energy potential of commercial facades as our cities rapidly evolve into smart solar energy landscapes.

Analysis of Electricity Supply and Demand Balance in Residential Microgrids Integrated with Micro-CAES in Northern Portugal

As global energy demand continues to rise, integrating renewable energy sources (RES) into power systems has become increasingly important. However, the intermittent nature of RES, such as solar and wind, presents challenges for maintaining a stable energy supply. To address this issue, energy storage systems are essential. One promising technology is micro-compressed air energy storage (micro-CAES), which stores excess energy as compressed air and releases it when needed to balance supply and demand. This study investigates the integration of micro-CAES with RES in a 19-home microgrid in northern Portugal. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a microgrid configuration that includes 100 kW of solar PV, 70 kW of wind power, and a 50 kWh micro-CAES system. Using real-world data on electricity consumption and local renewable potential, a simulation is conducted to assess the performance of this system. The findings reveal that this configuration can supply up to 68.8% of the annual energy demand, significantly reducing reliance on the external grid and enhancing the system’s resilience. These results highlight the potential of micro-CAES to improve the efficiency and sustainability of small-scale renewable energy systems, demonstrating its value as a key component in future energy solutions.

Urban Renewal Potential of Old Urban Areas in Resource-Based Cities in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Dongsheng District, Ordos, China

Urban Renewal Potential of Old Urban Areas in Resource-Based Cities in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Dongsheng District, Ordos, China

HOPE AND SURVIVAL IN ZOMBIE POST-APOCALYPSE ENVIRONMENTS: WORLD WAR Z AND ZONE ONE

The recent popularity of zombie apocalypse narratives across various media highlights their deep engagement with social, cultural, political, and environmental issues. These narratives often use zombies as allegorical figures to explore contemporary problems, such as ecological neglect and societal collapse. The emergence of a zombie-creating virus in contemporary fiction mirrors fears of biological and ecological disasters, framing zombie culture as a reflection on environmental degradation in industrial-capitalist societies. By highlighting the potential consequences of ecological destruction, zombie post-apocalyptic fiction underscores how the collapse of social order exposes internal conflicts—such as fear, mistrust, and selfishness—that obstruct collective survival efforts. This narrative device suggests that while environmental and biological threats are significant, moral and social cohesion are equally crucial for overcoming crises and ensuring survival. Despite the grim scenarios presented, zombie narratives also offer hope by showcasing the importance of collective action, adaptability, and the rebuilding of social units. Thus, this paper argues that the portrayal of hope and survival goes beyond simple thematic analysis in both Max Brooks’ World War Z (2006) and Colson Whitehead’s Zone One (2011) since human ingenuity and resilience are innate qualities, as demonstrated by how societies recover and rebuild following a zombie apocalypse. This claim challenges the conventional view of post-apocalyptic societies as inevitably doomed, instead emphasizing their potential for progress and renewal, not only for the betterment of humanity but also for the preservation of planet Earth.

Hypopituitarism in Sox3 null mutants correlates with altered NG2-glia in the median eminence and is influenced by aspirin and gut microbiota.

The median eminence (ME), located at the base of the hypothalamus, is an essential centre of information exchange between the brain and the pituitary. We and others previously showed that mutations and duplications affecting the transcription factor SOX3/Sox3 result in hypopituitarism, and this is likely of hypothalamic origin. We demonstrate here that the absence of Sox3 predominantly affects the ME with phenotypes that first occur in juvenile animals, despite the embryonic onset of SOX3 expression. In the pituitary, reduction in hormone levels correlates with a lack of endocrine cell maturation. In parallel, ME NG2-glia renewal and oligodendrocytic differentiation potential are affected. We further show that low-dose aspirin treatment, which is known to affect NG2-glia, or changes in gut microbiota, rescue both proliferative defects and hypopituitarism in Sox3 mutants. Our study highlights a central role of NG2-glia for ME function during a transitional period of post-natal development and indicates their sensitivity to extrinsic signals.

Enhanced Removal of Pb(II), Paracetamol and Rhodamine B from Aqueous Solutions Using Engineered Low‐Cost Tea Waste‐Based Magnetic Nanocomposite

AbstractThe development of engineered biomass‐based adsorbents capable of efficiently removing pollutants from aqueous solutions has received tremendous attention due to their cost‐effectiveness and renewal potential. Herein, we report a one‐pot synthesis of a low‐cost magnetic composite (Fe3O4‐tea) derived from waste tea and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and its application as nanosorbent for the removal of Pb2+, rhodamine B and paracetamol as model pollutants from aqueous solutions. The FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, TEM and zeta potential studies confirmed the successful synthesis of Fe3O4‐tea with an organic content of 54.55 wt.% and a surface area of 25.32 m2 g−1. The high saturation magnetization (Ms) of the composite estimated to 45.47 emu g−1 allows for its effortless separation and recovery from wastewater solutions using a simple bar magnet. Various theoretical models were considered to study and discuss adsorption isotherms and kinetics. The equilibrium kinetics were found to follow a second‐order model, regardless of the system investigated. Maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 113.63, 92.59 and 60.24 mg g−1 were obtained for Rhodamine B, Pb2+ and paracetamol, respectively. These values are greater than the adsorption capabilities of several conventional and magnetic sorbents reported in the literature, including activated carbon. The adsorption process mechanism was also discussed based on pH studies. The results suggest that the Fe3O4‐tea adsorbent shows a great potential for effectively removing heavy metal ions and organic pollutants with a rapid uptake rate and easy magnetic separation.

Future hydrogen economies imply environmental trade-offs and a supply-demand mismatch

Hydrogen will play a key role in decarbonizing economies. Here, we quantify the costs and environmental impacts of possible large-scale hydrogen economies, using four prospective hydrogen demand scenarios for 2050 ranging from 111–614 megatonne H2 year−1. Our findings confirm that renewable (solar photovoltaic and wind) electrolytic hydrogen production generates at least 50–90% fewer greenhouse gas emissions than fossil-fuel-based counterparts without carbon capture and storage. However, electrolytic hydrogen production could still result in considerable environmental burdens, which requires reassessing the concept of green hydrogen. Our global analysis highlights a few salient points: (i) a mismatch between economical hydrogen production and hydrogen demand across continents seems likely; (ii) region-specific limitations are inevitable since possibly more than 60% of large hydrogen production potentials are concentrated in water-scarce regions; and (iii) upscaling electrolytic hydrogen production could be limited by renewable power generation and natural resource potentials.

Exploring the 3E, hydrogen, and ammonia creation potentials of a concentrated solar power (CSP) plant using an air-cooled condenser.

The need to move to more sustainable energy generation has become a major concern among world leaders due to the debilitating effect of greenhouse gases on the environment. Africa has the greatest potential to transition to more sustainable energy sources due to its enormous renewable energy resource potential, particularly solar. This study thus assessed the potential of generating power using a concentrated solar tower power plant (CSTP) at three different locations in Algeria. The study evaluated the system's technical, environmental, economic, and employment creation potential and analyzed the hydrogen and ammonia creation potential using the electricity produced by the CSTP system. Naama, Laghouat, and Ghardaia recorded annual energies of 507 GWh, 502 GWh, and 547 GWh, with capacity factors of 57.6%, 57.6%, and 62%, respectively. A real levelized cost of energy ranging between 7.72 and 8.47 cent$/kWh was obtained. A total of 8530 tons of nitrogen and 1844 tons of hydrogen will be theoretically needed to produce ammonia (fertilizer) for 500,000 hectares of arable land for agricultural activities. In addition, using hydrogen from the CSTP system to produce the estimated ammonia will save 6124.56 tons of CO2 emissions from polluting the environment annually. The creation of thousands of direct and indirect jobs will significantly benefit Algerians. The study concluded with some policy recommendations based on its findings.

Research on geometry optimization of park office buildings with the goal of zero energy

At the conceptual design stage, the building geometry design can predict the building load demand and renewable energy application potential to some extent. Geometry design interventions are critical to efficiently achieving the goal of zero-energy buildings. In the existing studies, the typicality and representativeness of the object geometry in the practice project are not high, and the influence of different geometry indices on energy savings and photovoltaic (PV) utilization potential under the same type of plane shape is rarely considered. In addition, the surrounding building shading situations considered are single. There is still significant room for improvement in the typical geometries selection and optimization condition settings. This paper presents a study of three typical park office building geometries in hot summer and cold winter regions. An optimization method based on the genetic algorithm and energy consumption simulation is proposed that takes into account both building energy savings and PV utilization potential improvements. The geometry-related indices of each typical geometry are then optimized under different PV layout scenarios and surrounding shading situations, and suitable geometry design strategies for typical office buildings are proposed under each optimization scenario. Geometry optimization can significantly reduce building energy consumption (the building energy-saving rate is 1.3–10.7 %) and increase PV generation (enhancement of 13.37–66.67 % for PV generation potential), thus lowering the net energy consumption of buildings. The findings of this study can be used to guide the design of park office building geometries in hot summer and cold winter regions with the goal of zero energy, as well as to promote the practice of zero-energy office buildings at the regional and national levels.

Analysis of Morocco's renewable energy production and transmission potential

Analysis of Morocco's renewable energy production and transmission potential

Renewable Therapy Potential of Allogeneic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare chronic respiratory disease characterized by progressive fibrotic changes in lung tissue of unknown origin, resulting in severe decline in lung function and poor prognosis with a median survival of 3 to 5 years. Current pharmacological therapies, including nintedanib and pirfenidone, aim to slow disease progression but are limited by side effects and lack of efficacy in reversing established fibrosis. This literature review explores emerging therapeutic approaches for IPF using data from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. The review highlights mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, specifically allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs, as a promising option. MSC therapy demonstrates superior efficacy in improving forced vital capacity (FVC) by 3.7%, surpassing the effects of nintedanib (3.3%) and pirfenidone (-4.8%), while exhibiting minimal adverse effects. The findings underscore the potential of MSC therapy as a renewable treatment option for IPF, suggesting a paradigm shift towards addressing both disease progression and lung function restoration in affected individuals.

ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

Objective. The objective of the article is to apply economic and mathematical models for the analysis, modeling and forecasting of the development of renewable energy in Ukraine, assessment of country's renewable energy sources potential. Methods. The following methods are used to model and forecast the development of renewable energy in Ukraine: correlational and actocorrelational analysis (to identify the relationship between macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine and the development of renewable energy in the country); three-factor autoregressive and multiplicative forecasting and five-factor regression forecasting (for forecasting indicators of renewable energy of Ukraine); the basics of the mathematical apparatus for the analysis of transient processes, the methodology of determining the coefficients of impulse-transient and transient functions, methods of building differential models, Laplace transformation and obtaining transient functions, the basics of the mathematics of imaginary quantities, methods of obtaining the amplitude-phase and frequency characteristics of the object under study, methods of analysis stability of controlled dynamic processes (to present the Total renewable energy indicator in the form of a dynamic transient process and model its future states by obtaining a second-order differential equation with a simple input, a complex transfer function and by determining the amplitude-phase frequency characteristic and constructing a Nyquist frequency hodograph, which showed the stability of the studied process to external disturbances). Results. Forecasting the installed capacities and production volumes of renewable energy is an important task for the effective development of this industry. A new approach to forecasting is proposed, combining autoregressive and multivariate regression models and dynamic modeling. The development of the capacity of renewable energy is considered as a dynamic transient process, which is represented by a complex transfer function with its real frequency characteristic and its imaginary frequency characteristic, which are used to construct the Nyquist hodograph, which shows the stability of the researched process of development of the capacity of renewable energy from investment investments. According to the results of modeling based on the transient process method, a model of changes in the volume of installed capacities of renewable energy of Ukraine depending on the volume of investments in renewable energy is obtained in the form of a differential equation, and it is found out that this process is stable, that is, even with temporary restrictions or reductions of such investment over time it will return to a stable growing trend. The proposed method of dynamic modeling makes it possible to obtain more accurate and reliable forecasts of the development of renewable energy capacity, compared to traditional methods. This method can be used to make informed decisions regarding the development of solar energy and investment in this industry in Ukraine.

카자흐스탄의 재생에너지 정책과 발전 잠재력

Expanding the development of renewable energy sources is recognized as one of the most important tasks in terms of responding to climate change and sustainable development. In addition, the increasing instability of the energy supply chain due to the Ukraine war emphasizes the importance of renewable energy in terms of energy security. Kazakhstan, a leading energy exporter among the FSU countries, has been promoting renewable energy development as a national policy for a long time, but has not shown significant results. In this study, Kazakhstan's strengths and limitations in the renewable energy sector, as well as opportunities for development, were examined by evaluating Kazakhstan's renewable energy development potential in three aspects - natural resources, institutions, and technology - with a focus on solar energy. Kazakhstan has relatively abundant solar energy resources, but the technological/industrial level for the development of the solar energy sector appears to be lagging significantly. However, the institutional level related to renewable energy appears to be higher than the world average, and some areas are higher than the OECD average. In order to expand solar energy development in Kazakhstan, cooperation between countries and attraction of investment are needed, which will be an opportunity for Kazakhstan.

Features of the structure of the herbaceous cover and natural regeneration in the spruce forests of the Kologrivsky Forest Nature Reserve

The aim of the study was to identify the features of the structure of the herbaceous cover and natural regeneration in the southern taiga spruce forests of the Kostroma region using the example of the Kologrivsky Forest Nature Reserve. To achieve this goal, twelve temporary square sample plots (SP) with an area of 0.0625 ha were established. Forest type, canopy density, soil and topography were determined. To characterize the forest stands, a taxonomic survey of the sample plots was carried out. To describe the vegetation cover, a combined method was used, including the Braun-Blanke and Drude-Uranov methods, which assumes the distribution of typical plant complexes over a large number of plant species growing together. Geobotanical descriptions were processed according to the method of D.N. Tsyganov, which consisted in using two tables: ecological amplitudes of species and scales of factors. Correlation analysis was used for data processing. The obtained statistical data set was presented in histograms and graphs for the sake of clarity. The frequency of occurrence, errors, participation rate, and average projective cover of the species were calculated according to generally accepted methods. In the course of the work, all sample plots were characterized by a tree-by-tree census. As the sample plots were located in very different parts of the reserve, the taxonomic indicators varied. In most cases, however, the dominant species was spruce. Its viable regrowth was 95%, indicating a high renewal potential. In the studied forest areas, the dominant species of the living ground cover were Northern linseed (Linnaea borealis) and blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), oak fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris) and wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosella). The practical significance of the conducted research lies in the expansion of the ideas about the structure of the herbaceous cover formed under the canopy of spruce forests in the conditions of the Kologrivsky Forest Nature Reserve, as well as about the peculiarities of the process of natural regeneration in different conditions of the growth site.

ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF FUNCTIONING OF COMMERCIAL PORTS OF UKRAINE

Thearticle presents the results of the study of the functioning of the ports of Ukraine through the prism of the impact of the war. A generalized analysis of the operation of Ukraine's ports from the first wave of blockade by the Russian Federation in 2022 to the current state is presented, including the actual throughput capacity of functioning ports and the nomenclature of cargo handling by Danube ports in 2023. In addition, the dynamics and structure of the supply of agricultural products by the main modes of transport are provided, where the importance of the ports of Ukraine as the main way of exporting agricultural products to ensure their arrival on international markets is highlighted; shows changes in grain and wheat prices between January 2021 and August 2023 based on International Grains Council indices. The role of the ports of the Danube region and the grain agreement for the export of cargo flows of agricultural andother products to African and Asian markets is singled out. The question of the potential for further development, development, modernization and renewal of the infrastructure of the ports of Izmail, Reni, and Ust-Dunaysk was revealed. The restoration of ship calls to the ports of Greater Odessa thanks to the formation of Ukraine's own humanitarian corridor was emphasized. The consequences of Russia's large-scale war against Ukraine in the field of port activity are grouped due to the consequences of direct and indirect influence. The risks of shipping among the countries of the Azov-Black Sea basin from the standpoint of security are summarized. It is concluded that the consequences of the protracted war scenario in Ukraine will have a negative impact not only on the port industry, but will also become a catalyst for an economic crisis in the developed economies of the world.

Providing an Intelligent Frequency Control Method in a Microgrid Network in the Presence of Electric Vehicles

Due to the reduction in fossil fuel abundance and the harmful environmental effects of burning them, the renewable resource potentials of microgrid (MG) structures have become highly highly. However, the uncertainty and variability of MGs leads to system frequency deviations in islanded or stand-alone mode. Usually, battery energy storage systems (BESSs) reduce this frequency deviation, despite limitations such as reducing efficiency in the long term and increasing expenses. A suitable solution is to use electric vehicles (EVs) besides BESSs in systems with different energy sources in the microgrid structure. In this field, due to the fast charging and discharging of EVs and the fluctuating character of renewable energy sources, controllers based on the traditional model cannot ensure the stability of MGs. For this purpose, in this research, an ultra-local model (ULM) controller with an extended state observer (ESO) for load frequency control (LFC) of a multi-microgrid (MMG) has been systematically developed. Specifically, a compensating controller based on the single-input interval type fuzzy logic controller (FLC) was used to remove the ESO error and improve the LFC performance. Since the performance of the ULM controller based on SIT2-FLC depends on specific parameters, all of these coefficients were adjusted by an improved harmony search algorithm (IHSA). Simulation and statistical analysis results show that the proposed controller performs well in reducing the frequency fluctuations and power of the system load line and offers a higher level of resistance than conventional controllers in different MG scenarios.

Effects of wall confinement on flame topologies and lean blowout characteristics of partially premixed DME/air flames in a gas turbine model combustor

Dimethyl ether (DME) is a promising alternative fuel for gas turbines, considering its renewable nature and potential for large-scale synthesis from CO2 feedstock. However, there are limited studies on the swirl combustion characteristics of DME, particularly regarding the stability performance. This work investigates the effects of wall confinement on flow, mixing, and lean blowout (LBO) characteristics of partially premixed DME/air swirl flames in a gas turbine model combustor. Flow and flame macrostructures are captured using particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements, respectively. The results show remarkable differences in flame topologies between unconfined and confined flames, especially the formation of inner recirculation zone and outer recirculation zone. The LBO limits are measured over various Reynolds numbers and flame dynamics approaching LBO are captured using 10 kHz OH* chemiluminescence imaging. Unconfined flames have unexpectively lower LBO limits (∼0.4) than the LBO limits of confined flames (over 0.5). Approaching LBO, unconfined flames display a quiet blowout mode featuring swirling spiral blow-off behaviors. In contrast, confined flames exhibit a violent blowout mode featuring large-scale quasi-instability behaviors, including periodic events of local extinction, flame lift-off, and re-ignition. Based on the numerical simulations and simultaneous OH- and CH2O-PLIF measurements, the large discrepancy in the measured LBO limits between the two configurations is found to result from different re-ignition processes related to the low-temperature ignition before the final blowout. These findings highlight the crucial roles of wall confinement in determining the stable flame topologies, LBO characteristics, and mechanisms driving the LBO physics for partially premixed DME/air swirl flames.

Sustainable energy transition optimization through decentralized hybrid energy systems with various energy storage technologies under multi-criterion indices: A mid-career repowering scenarios

Sustainable energy transition (SET) refers to the formulation of effective policies for quantifying the paradigm shift from fossil fuels to carbon-neutral technologies. Despite the anticipation of sustainable solutions, many developing nations continue to experience unsustainable energy regimes. Understanding the potential of this transition demands a multifaceted approach, emphasizing techno-economic optimization and performance enhancement to address future decentralized energy constraints. Although one of several ways to enable SET, the consideration of renewable energy sources (RESs) coupled with energy storage technologies (ESTs), which can offer multi-dimensional decision flexibility in present energy policies, is quite restricted. Based on a comparative analysis of various ESTs, this paper provides insight exploration of the SET framework by leveraging a diverse range of renewable potentials. Utilizing a proprietary derivative-free algorithm (PDFA) and an original grid-search algorithm (OGSA), the study focuses on load forecasting across different time horizons using a real-time dataset from multiple load centers in Pakistan. Load forecasting is carried out based on a combination of seasonal naïve forecasting (SNF), seasonal and trend decomposition using loess forecasting (STLF), and artificial neural networks (ANN). Results reveal a minimum Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) ranging from $0.105/kWh to $0.109/kWh in the presence of solar and dispatchable renewable-based hybrid configurations. For battery ESTs, based on NPC and LCOE, the feasibility is observed in the order of lead-acid (La), lithium-ion (Li-ion), and vanadium redox flow (VRF) technology. From a technical and capacity shortage fraction (CSF) perspective, Li-ion performed better than both La and VRF in terms of storage depletion as well as annual losses. Finally, a mid-career repowering analysis examines the behavior of energy storage technologies (ESTs), while sensitivity analyses and results validation highlight the significance of the proposed study's findings.

Unveiling the Antioxidative Potential of Galangin: Complete and Detailed Mechanistic Insights through Density Functional Theory Studies.

A comprehensive quantum mechanical investigation delved into the antioxidative activity of galangin (Glg). Thermochemical and kinetic data were used to assess antiradical, chelating, and renewal potential under physiological conditions. A brief comparison with reference antioxidants and other flavonoids characterized Glg as a moderate antioxidative agent. The substance showed significantly lower performance in lipid compared to aqueous solvent─the reaction rates for scavenging •OOH in both media were established at 3.77 × 103 M-1 s-1 and 6.21 × 104 M-1 s-1, respectively, accounting for the molar fraction of both interacting molecules at the given pH. The impact of pH value on the kinetics was assessed. Although efficient at chelating Cu(II) ions, the formed complexes can still undergo the Fenton reaction. On the other hand, they persistently scavenge •OH in statu nascendi. The flavonoid effectively repairs oxidatively damaged biomolecules except model lipid acids. All Glg radicals are readily restored by physiologically prevailing O2•-. Given this, the polyphenol is expected to participate in antiradical and regenerating activities multiple times, amplifying its antioxidative potential.