Renewal Efforts Research Articles

An up-close look at Urban Regeneration. Cultural approaches and applied strategies for the rebirth of cities

The term Regeneration defines new approaches to the transformation of cities, designed in such a way to move beyond traditional urban-restoration efforts centred around large-scale plans by proposing minimal, non-invasive initiatives that stress listening to the citizenry while bringing to bear creative capabilities and a knowledge of the new-generation technology that has taken on strategic importance when it comes to the development of urban areas. Emphasising an ethical awareness that the city constitutes a shared resource, and that any transformations it undergoes must meet the needs of the public as a whole, endowing the local territory with a strong core structure but a light architecture, is one promising approach to actual renewal efforts. In examining the characteristics of Italian cities, the author focuses on the potential for establishing an environmental balance of the urban metabolism through work on outlying areas, describing the technical and scientific contribution made to date by Technological and Environmental Planning and Design while identifying project design and planning as the path to be taken to arrive at applied assessment and confirmation of the hypothetical approaches explored.

Embodied energy of service trading in Hong Kong

Purpose – Energy is a resource of strategic importance for high density cities. International trade reshapes the urban economy and industrial structure of a city, which will indirectly affect energy use. As an international trade hub, Hong Kong relies on the import and export of services. Energy performance in the international trading of these services needs to be properly understood and assessed for Hong Kong’s urban renewal efforts. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study evaluates Hong Kong’s embodied energy in service trades based on an input-output analysis. The three criteria used for assessment include trading areas, industry sector and trade balance. Findings – Analyzed by region, results show that Mainland China and the USA are the two largest sources of embodied energy in imports of services, while Mainland China and Japan are the two largest destinations of exports. In terms of net embodied energy transfer, Hong Kong mainly receives net energy import from Mainland China and the USA and supplies net energy export to Japan, the UK and Taiwan. Among industry sectors, manufacturing services, transport and travel contribute most significantly to the embodied energy in Hong Kong’s imported services, while transport and travel contribute most to the energy embodied in exported services. Originality/value – This study identifies the characteristics of energy consumption of service trading and establishes a feasible approach to analyze energy performance of service trade in energy-deficient Hong Kong for the first time. It provides necessary understanding and foundation for developing energy strategies in a service-based, high density urban economy.

Reassessing “City Limits” in Urban Public Policy

Urban public policy continues to explore the problems of urban growth and decline in a multidisciplinary fashion, focusing multiple theoretical lenses on questions of governance and division of authority as well as the practical applications for areas of policy specialization. This article reviews recent articles on income, housing, and racial/ethnic stratification, which share a common link of mobility‐based prescriptions. It also reviews the role sustainability, equity, and cultural norms play in scholarship. The field is moving in a direction that integrates classical rational choice and sociological explanations for policies addressing sustainability and equity, the role of cultural identity in urban renewal efforts, and long‐standing problems of citizen participation in government decision making.

Dublin: the making of a capital city

has experienced great and often astonishing change in its 1,400 year history. It has been the largest urban center on a deeply contested island since towns first appeared west of the Irish Sea. There have been other contested cities in the European and Mediterranean world, but almost no European capital city, David Dickson maintains, has seen sharper discontinuities and reversals in its history and these have left their mark on and its inhabitants. occupies a unique place in Irish history and the Irish imagination. To chronicle its vast and varied history is to tell the story of Ireland.David Dickson s magisterial history brings vividly to life beginning with its medieval incarnation and progressing through the neoclassical eighteenth century, when for some it was the Naples of the North, to the Easter Rising that convulsed a war-weary city in 1916, to the bloody civil war that followed the handover of power by Britain, to the urban renewal efforts at the end of the millennium. He illuminates the fate of Dubliners through the centuries clergymen and officials, merchants and land speculators, publishers and writers, and countless others who have been shaped by, and who have helped to shape, their He reassesses 120 years of Anglo-Irish Union, during which remained a place where rival creeds and politics struggled for supremacy. A book as rich and diverse as its subject, Dublin reveals the intriguing story behind the making of a capital city.

Making Ground, Losing Space: Land Reclamation and Urban Public Space in Island Cities

This article foregrounds urban public space by considering land reclamation in island cities. Land reclamation is nearly ubiquitous in the urban development of coastal cities, and island cities in particular are subject to exceptionally dense urbanisation and thus exceptionally strong conflict over urban space. Drawing upon theories at the intersection of the land and the sea (liquid, archipelago, and aquapelago spatiality), we analyse socially problematic aspects of the creation of new urban space through land reclamation. Land reclamation occurs in island cities such as Bahrain, Copenhagen, Dubai, Hong Kong, Macau, New York City, and Xiamen in order to construct space for urban industrial, residential, and leisure functions while avoiding the social conflict that often accompanies urban renewal efforts. However, whether in the case of publically accessible leisure parks or secessionary island enclaves for the ultra-rich, land reclamation processes serve powerful societal forces and represent the capture of urban space for elite interests. This reduces the prospects for urban public space and limits the horizons for the development of more socially just future cities. The transformation of unclaimed fluid space into solid private space is a relative form of accumulation by dispossession, even if the public has never been aware of what it possessed.

Phenomenological Enquiry Into the Public Misconceptions of Billboard Design Concepts in Lagos, Nigeria: The Factor Analytic Approach

Multiple and Dense line-up of billboard structures in Lagos metropolis and highways suggestthat the outdoor advertising business is increasing in quantity, quality and patronage. Continuous population explosion, industrial development and urban renewal efforts of Lagos State government occasion the advertising agencies to introduce creative techniques. However, misconceptions about outdoor creative concepts reflect a worrisome trend. The industry is criticized to be responsible for the influx of negated vogues as well as the mixed brew of foreign and Nigerian indigenous cultures through its creative design concepts. This study undertakes a critical enquiry into the factors responsible for public misconceptions and misgivings about outdoor advertisements. The study adopted survey research design. The instrument used to collect data was questionnaire which comprised of thirty-three variables numbered from b48-b80. The population for the study comprised of the seventy-eight outdoor and eighty-eight conventional advertising agencies, seventy-two advertisers, sixty-one graphic designers and three hundred and eighty-five end-users. The procedure for data collection included Pilot Study and Validity test of the instrument. Non-parametric test method, by way of Factor Analysis was used to analyze the data collected and carry out factor extraction by principal component. The thirty-three (33) variables were reduced to ten (10) common factors through principal component analysis.

Minutes of the ESA Governing Board, November 7–8, 2013, Washington, DC

Minutes of the ESA Governing Board, November 7–8, 2013, Washington, DC

Strain Rate Calculation Approach in Environmental Fatigue Evaluations

Fatigue usage factor evaluations including the effects of reactor water environment have been performed in numerous nuclear plant license renewal efforts. A large number of these evaluations have used the environmental fatigue penalty factor, Fen, approach prescribed in various regulatory documents. The Fen equations require input of strain rate, but the prescribing documents do not provide methodology or criteria for the quantification of the strain rate to be input. As a result, numerous approaches have been offered and studied. This paper presents an approach used by Westinghouse to include strain rate in an automated calculation of Fen based on the modified rate approach (MRA) to integrated strain rate applications. The starting point of the approach is ASME Code Section III NB-3200 fatigue analysis. With environmental fatigue evaluations in new plant designs now emerging in ASME Code criteria, strain rate considerations remain part of the discussion. The intent of this paper is to provide further insight into this process.

The Change in the Macro Setting of the Church

The anti-ecumenical document Dominus Iesus, issued by the Doctrinal Congregation under the direction of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger in July, 2000, claiming that the Roman Catholic Church is the sole true Church, outraged not only Protestants but also many Catholics. It is an armistice document lacking in perspective and vision. It was widely anticipated in the December 18, 1979, decree against me by the same Congregation. Already condemned at that time were three central ecumenical desiderata: * An ecumenical working through of the infallibility and primacy problematic * The recognition of Protestant and Anglican offices and eucharistic celebrations * The possibility of an overall ecumenical understanding of eucharist. It is with a yearning sadness that, in the face of the new restorationist politics of the Polish pope, I recall the 1960's: * * Then there was an Italian pope who spoke less about the Oikumene than he acted for the Oikumene, and who called to Rome those theologians who had been dismissed, banned, or otherwise restricted by his predecessor: John XXIII. * Then I participated in an ecumenical council, which, different from the later Roman Synods, did not simply repeat the constantly recalled, well-known Roman doctrines but put into action the demands of the Reformation and Enlightenment and awakened hopes of overcoming the more than 450-year church split and the twice-as-long West-East one: Vatican II. * Then there came to the University of Tubingen, in response to my invitation, the Roman Curial Cardinal Augustin Bea, President of the new Roman Secretariat for Christian Unity, who in the Festival Hall expressed his appreciation for the ecumenical service of the Tubingen theological school and held a discussion with Catholic and Protestant professors. * There the professors of the Protestant Theological Faculty opened up their working community to the colleagues of the Catholic Theological Faculty. * There we began to hold joint seminars, to mutually recognize seminar credits, to celebrate ecumenical religious services, and to plan the integration of the two large libraries. All in all, an ecumenical climate that manifested itself in the historically Protestant Tubingen. However, in the 1980's the broad weather pattern changed again: A stationary ecumenical low spread from Rome over the Alps, indeed over wide areas of Christendom. Under Pope Paul VI the ecumenical barometer long stood at changeable. Strong curial counter-streams had in fact since Vatican II attempted to put the brakes on the ecumenical renewal efforts and, in the church's upper reaches, brought them to a standstill. Curial cardinals, indeed of other nationalities, but not of another mentality, rather strengthened Romanism instead of ecumenism. The Sanctum Officium Inquisitionum (Holy Office of the Inquisition) once again changed its name--and its methods slightly--but hardly its spirit or goal. In the beginning there were critical voices in the episcopacy, such as those of Cardinal Leo Joseph Suenens (Brussels), Cardinal Giacomo Lecaro (Bologna), and the Canadian and Dutch bishops, but they soon went silent because they found no support from the rest of the episcopacy, especially from the German and French. The Curia used particular conciliar texts--because of their forced compromise character--concerning collegiality/papal primacy and birth control/ethical decisions in order to interpret them in former ways. …

A Critical Evaluation of the Ogui Slum in Enugu, Nigeria

The high rental value of core city areas has always influenced the formation of slums at the peripheries or outskirts of towns and cities of the developing world. However, a peculiar inner-city slum that has persisted over the years is the Ogui slum in Enugu, Nigeria. This paper tried to identify the factors that has made this inner-city slum to persist. One factor that has acted as a boost for others to thrive is the indigenous dwellers’ hold on land. The other factors include the centrality of the slum in the town and its close proximity to various schools, markets and places of work. However, the unprecedented influx of people into Enugu in the early 1970’s overstretched the existing facilities in the city and turned the indigenous land of Ogui into a slum. The paper went on to give recommendations on how to effect renewal schemes for the study area. Critical to this effort is the employment of public participation in the process as being emphasized by the Urban Management Programmes (UMP) of the UN – Habitat projects. More critical to the renewal effort will be the prompt payment of adequate compensation to indigenes for lands acquired for the programme. Keywords: Inner–City Squatting, Peri-Urban Squatting, Slum

Housing, Home and Neighbourhood Renewal in the Era of Superdiversity: Some Lessons from the West Midlands

Following two decades of new migration, the EU is now home to the most diverse population ever. Much new migration has occurred into superdiverse escalator areas already experiencing high levels of deprivation. In the UK, housing market renewal areas (HMRA) had a particular challenge to address housing market failure and the high population turnover often associated with new migration while meeting the needs of established residents. Lack of knowledge about the diverse housing needs of residents risked hampering renewal efforts. This paper uses qualitative data collected from a superdiverse sample of settled and new residents located in the Urban Living HMRA in the West Midlands to examine the ways in which they conceptualise home. The paper argues that understanding the ways in which diverse residents conceptualise home and home making, offers potential for policymakers to understand how residents' needs can be met.

Lesson (un)learning in spatially targeted fiscal incentive policy: Enterprise Zones (England) and Empowerment Zones (United States)

There is a need to learn lessons when using spatially targeted fiscal experiments if intervention is to generate wider developmental benefit. This paper focuses on the Enterprise Zone concept in the UK (1981–2007) and an exported variant to the US, the Empowerment Zone programme (1993–2009). Lessons are drawn from these initiatives in order to inform the current wave of Enterprise Zones in England (2011 to current). Located in the context of regeneration and renewal efforts, our findings demonstrate that many potential historic and comparative lessons have not been learned. The morphing of State Enterprise Zones to become Empowerment Zones demonstrated the benefits of public pump priming rather than a simple deregulation of planning consents and taxes. This is in addition to the potential gains offered by promoting good governance and including the community in implementation, plus incorporating measures to address the consequences of structural economic decline such as unemployment and poverty within the policy remit. In the context of the return of Enterprise Zones in England, it is noted that the Coalition government led by David Cameron has not learned the potential benefits of an approach that looks beyond a narrow emphasis on growth.

Discursive Discriminations in the Representation of Western Mono and Yokuts Stories: Confronting Narrative Inequality and Listening to Indigenous Voices in Central California

This article focuses on academic representations of Western Mono and Yokuts traditional narratives by exploring examples of what Dell Hymes described as narrative inequality. The author demonstrate that the erasure and marginalization of indigenous narrative traditions was, in part, caused by the hegemonic blending of aesthetic and political economic criteria. But recent theoretical developments in ethnopoetics, critical literacy, language ideologies, and new ethnographic research provide key resources for projects of decolonization and cultural reclamation that were unavailable to salvage-era researchers. By providing more accurate and complete representations, people can both decolonize past representations and forge new ones, not only for the benefit of scholars but also for the heritage language communities that struggle for resources in their language renewal efforts. In so doing, people can use the ethnopoetic legacy of Hymes to create what he called mediative resources that enable them to better hear the voices of traditional narrators telling their stories in their heritage languages and in accord with the intertextuality of indigenous genres and storytelling ideologies.

Socio-Cultural Lifestyle of Slum Dwellers – A Limiting Factor to Urban Renewal Efforts in Akure, Nigeria

Most indigenous cities of emerging nations in the third world are characterized by large-scale housing and environmental deficiencies. This paper attempts to investigate the limiting role of socio-cultural attributes of slum residents on renewal policies which are implemented to minimize or eradicate such deficiencies. The study was carried out in Akure, in South-Western Nigeria. Using questionnaires, direct observation, housing demographic and facility survey for data collection, it was discovered that residence satisfaction is not to be measured only by the facilities therein or by the quality of the dwelling units. Other imperceptible cultural and social factors play prominent roles, which need be considered while framing policies for city development. However, full participation of slum residents is noted very indispensable for the success of any large scale renewal programme while effective public enlightenment, improved socio-economic base and sanitary education strategies will help in re-orientating the people and equipping them towards healthy and aesthetically decent environment.

Table of Contents

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Tokoh Ganjil dalam Karya Sastra Budi Darma

The literary works of Budi Darma represent a successful masterpiece in the renewal efforts, especially in the field of fiction techniques and in the case of content. He represents a writer who lays open the world of anomaly. Many figures in its literary works are presented as anomalous figures. Anomalous figures in the literary works of Budi Darma can be (I) physically or seemingly physically anomalous and (2) psychologically anomalous. This article explores anomalous figures particularly those of physically or seemingly physically anomalous. The solution of the literary works is also related to the background of Budi Darma.

Tradisi dan Pembaruan dalam Antologi Lengkap Cerpen A.A. Navis: Kajian Sosiologi Sastra

The Complete Anthology of short stories written by AA Navis is the most complete collection of all short stories that have been written by Navis for fifty years of work. Based on a description and interpretation of data, theoretically, this study aims to (1) reveal the author's ideas and re-attempt the update against the ideologies of traditional Minangkabau society in ALCN which includes a description of Minangkabau culture, AA Navis with the process of creativity, as well as tradition and renewal, (2) develop and accumulate the research on the sociology of literature. Practically, this study aims to (1) provide advice and offers to the reader to constantly adapt and socialize to the demands and needs of the time by relying on rationality and morality, (2) provide an understanding of the short stories contained in ALCN. The research used the descriptive method of description of the facts followed by analysis of activities that include (1) forms the natural understanding of Minangkabau culture, AA Navis and authorship, (2) disclosure of Navis’ thoughts through theory and methods of sociological literature proposed by Swingewood Alan and Diana Laurenson, and (3) tradition and renewal efforts against traditional notions of ALCN. The results showed that the various ideas of Navis in ALCN are reflections of society psychological level and lead to a contradictive dialectical. Various complexity of community problems root on two things: (1) human nature is no longer guided by the nature, (2) the policy was decided without considering the principle of K4 (appropriateness and usefulness of togetherness and equality). Some thought the updates offered in ALCN are (1) awareness of human self to always adapt to the demands of the times, (2) implementation of worship should be interpreted rationally by humanitarian considerations, (3) renewal is a change in attitude towards a more humane and civilized; (4) acceptance of outside elements should be based on the principle of benefit and suitability, (5) philosophy stems renewal in humans and humanity, of nature as the basis for the interpretation and reasoning and rational thought. Key words: Nature, dialectical, religion, dan humanity

Slum Characteristics of a Deplorable Residential District of Akure, Nigeria

The reality of the inner core of cities becoming slums generally tended to follow the theoretical path established by Burgess. Adapting the tenets of his classical planning model to describe the spatial distribution of land-use in Akure, this study attempts to investigate the factors responsible for the formation of slums and how the city’s centre become degraded. Method of investigation is essentially both descriptive and analytical based on field survey. The study examined the existing situation in the study area in terms of its housing system and the condition of infrastructure facilities available in the neighbourhood. It also examined the socio-economic status of respondents, their perception of the living environments and problems experienced. Questionnaires, observation, housing demographic and facility survey are major research instruments used to gather relevant information for the study. The empirical survey carried out in the area revealed the high degree of deplorable conditions of the living environments and the inadequacy of essential facilities for comfortable living. The area is crowded with derelict buildings that lack basic household services. For these reasons, extensive development and upgrading renewal efforts were recommended, which should be supported with improved sanitation strategy for sustainable management of the area.Keywords: Deplorable condition, Degradation, Poverty level, Proliferation of slums,Re-development and Urban management.

Jeffrey Craig Sanders . Seattle and the Roots of Urban Sustainability: Inventing Ecotopia . (History of the Urban Environment.) Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press. 2010. Pp. xiii, 288. $30.00.

What makes Seattle the “Emerald City”? To some the label merely refers to the abundance of evergreen fir trees in the vicinity, and to others it refers to the environmentally sensitive urban population that ranges from skiing, mountain biking, kayaking yuppies to tree-hugging, unshaven, eco-raiding hippie throwbacks. Jeffrey Craig Sanders clearly explicates and defends the proposition that Seattle residents are indeed environmentally sensitive and argues that the postwar environmental movement originated in such grassroots, local, political, and social initiatives as occurred in Seattle after World War II. How Seattle became green is the topic of his book. The author describes several instances of urban activism and rising environmental awareness, beginning with a description of the effort to preserve Pike Place Market. The market had started as a viable commercial link between the agricultural hinterland and the urban population in the early twentieth century. By the post–World War II period, the market had declined in popularity and usefulness as agricultural areas fell to suburban development and urban residents shifted their shopping habits from specialty shops and stalls to the increasingly ubiquitous grocery stores and shopping centers. The increasingly dilapidated Pike Place became the target of urban renewal and development efforts, but urban activists seeking to preserve and restore the market's value as a Seattle cultural icon, viable commercial center, and tourist attraction thwarted the efforts to tear it down.

Apostolic Religious Life in America Today: A Response to the Crisis (review)

Reviewed by: Apostolic Religious Life in America Today: A Response to the Crisis Sean O. Sheridan T.O.R. Apostolic Religious Life in America Today: A Response to the Crisis, edited by Richard Gribble, C.S.C. Washington DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2011. In Perfectae caritatis, the Fathers of the Second Vatican Council called for the renewal of consecrated life. In particular, in PC 2, the Fathers maintained that renewal ought to be directed toward the charism put forth by the community's founder and the signs of the times to make consecrated life more relevant today. Recognizing that the results of efforts to renew consecrated life in the United States have been mixed, Apostolic Religious Life in America Today: A [End Page 303] Response to the Crisis, offers a critique of the implementation efforts and revisits a theology of consecrated life that recognizes its vitality in the Church. Here, editor Father Richard Gribble, C.S.C., has collected papers presented at a September 27, 2008 symposium on apostolic religious life at Stonehill College in North Easton, Massachusetts. Apostolic Religious Life in America Today is divided into two parts. The five papers presented in the book's first part, "Present Situation and the Challenge of Renewal," address Vatican II's call for renewal of consecrated life and the efforts undertaken in that regard. His Eminence Cardinal Franc Rodé, then Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, addresses the lessons to be learned from the renewal efforts as consecrated life moves to the future (19-40). He places importance on sound formation programs and the active promotion of vocations (36-39). Sister Sara Butler, M.S.B.T. considers five challenges that religious communities face (41-66). She particularly develops the topics of competing ecclesiologies within religious communities and the need to return to the founding charism (54-66). Sister Elizabeth McDonough, O.P. presents an overview of the Vatican II documents relevant to the renewal of consecrated life (67-90). She acknowledges that the renewal of consecrated life has not been as successful as envisioned (89), but looks to the future with a renewed dedication to the promises made "to give our very self to God alone, forever" (90). Father Joseph T. Lienhard, S.J. reflects on the importance of common signs and symbols, such as the religious habit, common meals and community prayer, which were frequently jettisoned under the auspices of renewal (91-100). He maintains that the signs and symbols of religious life have changed. To renew apostolic life, Father Lienhard urges religious to reflect on the appropriateness of the signs and symbols they currently present (99-100). Lastly, Most Reverend Robert Morlino develops the theme that obedience plus forgiveness leads to love, enabling a consecrated religious to live the vowed life (101-107). Part II, "Religious Life and the Renewal of Love," includes three papers on the theological and philosophical foundations of the consecrated life. Sister Gill Goulding, C.J. presents a theology of consecrated life in the tradition of Ignatius Loyola and Hans Urs von Balthasar (111-126). Father Kurt Pritzl, O.P. calls for a reflection on the lived reality of members of the laity, especially those married and raising children, to bring about true renewal of religious life (127-143). Lastly, Father Hugh Cleary, C.S.C. reminds the reader [End Page 304] of the witness value of consecrated life and the need for both the community and its individual members to conform themselves to Christ (144-154). While the papers presented in Apostolic Religious Life in America Today are more theologically based than canonical, this book would be of interest to consecrated religious and those who counsel them. Father Gribble and the individual authors of the papers should be commended for their work in addressing the current issues facing consecrated life in the United States. Sean O. Sheridan T.O.R. The Catholic University of America School of Canon Law Washington DC Copyright © 2012 The Catholic University of America Press