Implementation Of Renewable Energy Sources Research Articles

Unpacking the complexity of community microgrids: A review of institutions’ roles for development of microgrids

Community microgrids implemented in existing electricity grids can meet both development targets set out in the Paris agreement: 1. mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through increased implementation of renewable energy sources, and 2. to adapt to climate related disturbances and risk of catastrophes. Community microgrids are, however, complex to implement and institutional change is needed to reach their full potential. The purpose of this article is to review existing literature and analyze institutional developments influencing the growth of community microgrids. The literature describes a concentration of microgrid activities in specific regions: USA, EU, Asia and Australia. Varying reasons for implementing community microgrids were found in the different regions but similar institutional developments occurred, albeit with differing emphasis due to contextual specificities. Formal directions do however influence informal institutions even though their aims differ. Power utilities stand out as a critical actor and both formal and informal institutions put pressure on utilities to update their traditional business models. This article illustrates how informal and formal institutions play a significant role in the growth of community microgrids in existing electricity grids and provide interesting examples which can be utilized by policymakers. Microgrid development is still in a formative phase and further institutional change in the form of updated regulations is needed.

High energy efficiency renovation options for a typical apartment. The case study of the SPITI project

The need for reduced energy consumption dictates a new way of thinking about the design, construction, and renovation of buildings. Proposing a repurposing retrofit of a top-floor apartment of a typical Greek multi-storey building, the International Hellenic University has qualified to the final stage of the Solar Decathlon Europe 2019 competition. The main aim of this study is to provide a solution towards the nearly (or net) zero energy buildings, paving the way for EU countries to achieve their energy conservation targets in the building sector. The solution includes the upgrade of the building envelope and its energy systems, the rearrangement of the interior space and the implementation of renewable energy sources. The assessment of the different retrofitting measures was carried out using EnergyPlus, while the System Advisory Model was employed to simulate the prototype’s solar systems. The final energy demand was reduced by approximately 88%, with the requirements for heating and cooling at 10.3 kWh/m2 and 14.1 kWh/m2, respectively. The electricity production from the photovoltaic system, namely 4,959 kWhe, can meet the annual electricity requirements leading to a 100% self-sufficient building.

RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF POWER SUPPLY OF DISTRIBUTION GENERATION USING MARKOV CHAIN MODEL36. AUTOMATED AND COMPUTATIONALLY INEXPENSIVE EXPOSURE FUSION FOR MOBILE DEVICES

The implementation of Renewable Energy Sources has been proven to be beneficial for local consumers. However, their dependency on weather conditions has a major impact on the reliability of the power supply. This paper presents a method for reliability evaluation of distributed generation, considering the probability of certain weather conditions occur. The method is based on the Markov chain model and considers the probabilities of operational and outage state occurrence. The case study analyzes a radial distribution network consisting of three Distribution Energy Resources (DERs) and a cluster of industrial consumers during distribution substation outage. The results describe three scenarios considering the availability of power generation of DERs and the occurrence of favourable weather conditions.

Management of the Territories on which the Energy Renewable Sources have been Located

At present, rising energy prices have a negative impact not only on the state of the economy of many countries in the world, which are dependent on imported energy, but also on the well-being of their citizens. That is why the implementation of renewable energy sources, in particular alternative, which will increase the level of energy security of Ukraine, reduce the cost of natural energy and improve the quality of life of the population, plays a significant role. National instruments for regulating the development of green energy should take into account such innovative instruments as grants, application of the trading certificate system, energy certification, financing of energy-saving projects on the basis of performance contracting, use of green tariffs, energy certification, etc. The experimental project of the territory organization with the installation of wind farms and protection zones has been presented in this work. The article highlights the methodological and methodological approaches to managing the territories where renewable energy sources are located, taking into account the landscape requirements.

PEDOT‐Cellulose Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Disposable Fuel Cells

AbstractThe mass implementation of renewable energy sources is limited by the lack of energy storage solutions operating on various timescales. Electrochemical technologies such as supercapacitors and batteries cannot handle long storage time because of self‐discharge issues. The combination of fuel storage technology and fuel cells is an attractive solution for long storage times. In that context, large‐scale fuel cell solutions are required for massive energy storage in cities, which leads to possible concepts such as low‐cost disposable fully organic membrane assemblies in fuel cells to avoid regeneration of expensive poisoned electrodes. Here, the formation of an organic gas diffusion electrode (GDE) fabricated by paper‐making production, combined with in situ polymerization is demonstrated for the first time. Cellulose is used as a 3D scaffold functionalized with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) serving as both an electrical conductor and an electrocatalyst of high efficiency for the oxygen reduction reaction. The PEDOT‐cellulose porous GDE is implemented in a membrane assembly and demonstrated in a H2‐O2fuel cell. The demonstration of low‐cost material/manufacturing that is environmentally friendly is a paradigm shift in the development of fuel cells for a sustainable society.

ENERGY TRANSITION - REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY CHANGES IN ENERGY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

The article presents the formation of the energy transition basics. It is shown that in order to implement the current provisions of the energy transition, a systematic approach is needed; the basic elements of such transition are integration of renewable energy and energy efficiency (intensification of energy intensity reduction of goods and services). The main factors and forces of the global energy transition, formed by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) in cooperation with other international agencies in the late 20's of the 21st century, are presented. The article analyzes the development of legislative and regulatory regulation of European Union electricity markets activity, which created the system background for implementing the provisions of the European energy transition. The characteristic features of the acceleration of renewable energy sources implementation, in particular solar, worldwide and in Ukraine 2017-2018 are considered, the provisions of the Fourth Energy Package (Winter energy package) and the construction of the Energy Union. Features of the Ukrainian energy transition in the field of implementation of renewable energy sources are described.

Increasing the penetration of renewable energy sources in isolated islands through the interconnection of their power systems. The case of Pico and Faial islands, Azores

The implementation of renewable energy sources (RES) in isolated power systems, as is the case of islands, constitutes both a challenge and an opportunity. The intermittency of some RES, namely wind and solar, originates problems of grid stability and a mismatch between power demand and supply. The interconnection between isolated power systems can decrease the RES variability and, thereby, minimize the problems associated with their intermittency. In this work, the endogenous resources of the islands of Pico and Faial, in Azores, were characterized and their power systems modelled. A scenario considering the interconnection between the power systems of the two islands is proposed with the objective of increasing the share of RES power in the total power production. The scenario was modelled using EnergyPLAN and the results show that RES penetration can increase 50 percentage points by 2030 in relation to the current situation. The implementation of this scenario requires additional annual costs of about 1.29 M€. Additionally, based on the knowledge gained from this study, measures that may lead, in the long run, to the complete elimination of the overall use of fossil fuels in both islands are presented and discussed.

Typology of Unclassified Buildings and Specifics of Input Parameters for Energy Audits in Latvia

The aim of the study is to analysis renovation solutions for unclassified buildings. According to Latvian law definition, unclassified buildings are prisons, security forces, police and fire services buildings including barracks, warehouse etc. Such buildings has completely different heat gains and heat losses balance and usage profile in comparison to traditional public and apartment buildings. Unclassified buildings could have higher internal heat and moisture loads, more strict requirements to dress code (CLO level), human metabolic equivalent and limited possibility for staff adaptation to IAQ parameters. The one of important factors is safety of energy supply and operation of HVAC systems. Although the energy security is a top priority for unclassified buildings, it should not be a barrier for implementation of renewable energy sources and innovative energy efficient retrofitting solutions in unclassified buildings.

Modeling and simulation of closed low-pressure zeolite adsorbers for thermal energy storage

Thermal energy storages are essential for the efficient implementation of renewable energy sources. Therefore, thermal energy storages based on closed adsorption are studied in literature. Against this background, closed low-pressure adsorbers with zeolite 13X adsorbent of varying configuration (powder, granules, honeycomb) are modeled, simulated and compared in this work. The focus is on the discharging process of the adsorber and special emphasis is put on the accurate incorporation of the rarefaction effects, resulting from low pressure. The simulation results reveal similar behavior for honeycomb and granules adsorbents (temperature wave), while a qualitatively different behavior is observed for the powder adsorbent case. The different behavior for the powder adsorbent case results from a modification of the vapor supply. With respect to modeling, it is found that equilibrium assumptions can not be applied in general. Only for the case of powder adsorbent it is valid to neglect the intra-particle mass transfer resistance and assume instant adsorption equilibrium. Furthermore, rarefaction effects are found to be relevant only for small channel and particle diameters dc/p⩽1mm. Regarding the application, the discharging performance in terms of a defined discharging degree is strongly influenced by the channel and particle diameter. An optimum channel and particle diameter respectively for the honeycomb and granules adsorbent is determined with an maximum discharging degree of 80%. The optimum is a result of limitations by inter- and intra-particle mass transfer resistances. Finally, the discharging degree also strongly depends on the discharging conditions and decreases with increasing discharging temperature and increasing volume flow of the heat transfer fluid.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТЕЙ КАЗАХСТАНА В ОБЛАСТИ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЭНЕРГИИ

The article outlines the main provisions in the implementation of renewable energy sources in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The use of renewable energy resources is a priority in the development of energy development programs and the solution of environmental problems in Kazakhstan. The problems of implementation of projects for the introduction of renewable energy sources considered in the article require comprehensive consideration and making their own decisions, taking into account international experience. The widespread introduction of renewable energy sources will not only reduce the negative impact on the environment, but also serve as an incentive for the development of other related branches of science and industry.

Research on Increasing the Performance of Wind Power Plants for Sustainable Development

A topical issue globally is the development and implementation of renewable energy sources for sustainable development. To meet current requirements, the research in this paper is directed towards finding solutions to increase the performance and efficiency of wind power plants by implementing innovative solutions for hollow roller bearings developed through the use of sustainable growth programs in the field of green energy. Another solution that has the effect of increasing wind power performance consists of the implementation of a new large-size lubrication system for large-size bearings in wind energy units, which will increase their durability by developing maintenance capabilities. In this research, we will explore the possibility of introducing an innovative automated lubrication system in hollow roller bearings. The main results of the research, the innovative constructive solutions, will lead to important savings by lowering wind farm maintenance costs, increasing the durability of large bearings, and increasing the energy efficiency and yield of the whole system. The expected impact of implementing the solutions found will mainly be in the field of sustainable growth and environmental development.

Increasing resilience of the natural gas system with implementation of renewable methane in the context of Latvia: a system dynamics model

Implementation of renewable energy sources while ensuring security of energy supply is a pressing issue in energy policy planning. Findings in literature suggest that biomethane and power-to-gas applications together with natural gas systems can have great benefits in terms of carbon emission reduction, contribution to local economies and circular economy and important impact to the phasing of fossil fuel-based energy systems. Moreover, according to theoretical background the diversification of supplies in natural gas system will enhance the infrastructural system resilience and contribute to the security of energy supplies. In this light the study presents a system dynamic model for biomethane and power-to-gas application in natural gas system in Latvia with the existing underground storage facility. The natural gas infrastructure technical characteristics, natural gas flow and storage regime dependence on the seasonal gas demand are considered in the model. The model presented in this study can help policy planners to determine the necessary steps for implementation of RES support policy in Latvia to reach goals of EU low carbon economy. This system dynamic model has a potential to be used for energy policy planning together with other system dynamic models developed within the context of Latvia to cover a range of issues in energy sector.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY AUTONOMY OF THE AIC DUE TO THE USE OF BIOFUELS

It has been substatiated in the article that renewable energy sources have recently become one of the important criteria for the sustainable development of rural areas. The emphasis is placed on the search for new and improved existing technologies for the production of alternative energy sources, expansion of their implementation areas. It is substantiated that the main reasons for such attention to the energy supply of rural territories are expected exhaustion of fossile fuels resourses, sharp increase in their prices, imperfections and low efficiency of their use technologies, harmful effects on the environment. It is shown that the situation of energy dependence can be changed by conducting the corresponding energy policy, improving the regulatory framework and attracting investment in the development of non-traditional and renewable energy sources. It is highlighted that Ukraine has sufficient opportunities to provide an adequate amount of biofuels, primarily through the use of biomass potential of agricultural crops and fast-growing energy crops. It is researched that in conditions of a complex socio-economic situation in Ukraine, a significant energy dependence on energy imports, the search for alternative energy sources is of particular relevance. It is estimated that Ukraine is among the dozens of countries - the largest consumers of energy resources, with a small share in the structure of the world's product. It is proved that energy saving today becomes one of the most important priorities of socio-economic development in the national and regional dimensions. The necessary condition for successful work in national and world agrarian markets is constant work on increasing the competitiveness of products, in particular, reducing its value by reducing the energy intensity of production. It is substantiated that agricultural producers are actively working on the issue of reducing energy consumption per unit of output. It is determined that the majority of these measures is aimed at increasing the productivity of agricultural crops, increasing productivity of the livestock sector, technical and technological re-equipment of the production process. It was emphasized that special attention should be paid to the branches of animal husbandry, because this industry is a serious source of alternative energy production. This applies not only the large live-stock producing agro-holdings but also the small households that operate in rural areas, for which live-stock production is subsidied by the state. Besides, it may become a source of energy supplies for their own needs as well. It was investigated that each year large livestock farms and poultry farms can receive environmentally friendly biofuels in an anaerobic way and significantly improve the quality of sewage. It is determined that thermal efficiency of cogeneration units of biogas production depends very much on equipment for electricity generation. For example, the use of gas-fired internal combustion engines has a thermal efficiency of 70% to 75%, while in the case of using gas turbines and boiler-wastes thermal efficiency can reach more than 90%. It is concluded that one of the ways to reduce the dependence on energy imports and to improve ecology in rural areas of Ukraine is to develop alternative energy generation in agro-industrial complex. Ukraine should create all opportunities for the development of innovative technologies for the implementation of renewable energy sources; to provide conditions for serial production and implementation of bioenergy facilities; to promote the formation of the equal competitive environment for different types of fuel. This will promote green energy production

Social and economic efficiency of development and use of alternative power energy

Research has been performed on the state of development and trends for alternative energy sources. Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy have been considered. Main types of the effects due to the implementation of renewable energy sources have been investigated. Main aspects of the actual effects upon society as a whole have been determined, in order to perform the objective assessment of the social efficiency of implementation of renewable energy sources. Methods to determine the social and economic efficiency of using the renewable energy sources have been suggested.

Potentials and prospects for implementation of renewable energy sources in Serbia

Serbia is dependent on imports of crude-oil and natural gas, but is endowed by reserves of lignite and the potential of renewable energy sources. Serbia has a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector and to increase the share of renewable in gross final energy production 27% by 2020. Serbia?s total estimated technically usable potential of renewable energy sources is 5.65 Mtoe per year. Biomass has the highest potential for use in Serbia (3.448 Mtoe), followed by hydro power (1.679 Mtoe), solar energy (0.240 Mtoe), geothermal energy (0.180 Mtoe), and wind energy (0.103 Mtoe). This paper presents the potential of renewable energy sources available in Serbia, with current status of their use and prospects for further exploitation.

Criteria for Evaluation of Efficiency of Energy Transformation Based on Renewable Energy Sources

In the context of shortage of natural resources in Ukraine, the problem of evaluating efficiency of the implementation of renewable energy sources (RES) becomes of particular importance and comes in first place, since its solution will reduce the energy dependence of the state. Theoretical, methodological and practical issues of diversification of energy sources and evaluation of their effectiveness have found their development in modern works of domestic and foreign scientists. However, methods proposed by the scientists for evaluating efficiency of the transformation of energy consumption based on RES are purely theoretical and do not fully allow to determine the current state and directions of diversification of energy sources. The research is aimed at improving methodological support and developing criteria for evaluating the efficiency of energy consumption transformation based on RES. The article considers the main methods of evaluating efficiency of involving RES in the energy consumption of the state, region and enterprise. Advantages, drawbacks and perspectives of diversifying energy sources based on RES are shown. The system of criteria for evaluating effectiveness of energy consumption transformation based on RES is proposed. It is based on economic, environmental and social efficiency.

Criteria for Evaluation of Efficiency of Energy Transformation Based on Renewable Energy Sources

In the context of shortage of natural resources in Ukraine, the problem of evaluating efficiency of the implementation of renewable energy sources (RES) becomes of particular importance and comes in first place, since its solution will reduce the energy dependence of the state. Theoretical, methodological and practical issues of diversification of energy sources and evaluation of their effectiveness have found their development in modern works of domestic and foreign scientists. However, methods proposed by the scientists for evaluating efficiency of the transformation of energy consumption based on RES are purely theoretical and do not fully allow to determine the current state and directions of diversification of energy sources. The research is aimed at improving methodological support and developing criteria for evaluating the efficiency of energy consumption transformation based on RES. The article considers the main methods of evaluating efficiency of involving RES in the energy consumption of the state, region and enterprise. Advantages, drawbacks and perspectives of diversifying energy sources based on RES are shown. The system of criteria for evaluating effectiveness of energy consumption transformation based on RES is proposed. It is based on economic, environmental and social efficiency.

An Efficient Power Scheduling in Smart Homes Using Jaya Based Optimization with Time-of-Use and Critical Peak Pricing Schemes

Presently, the advancements in the electric system, smart meters, and implementation of renewable energy sources (RES) have yielded extensive changes to the current power grid. This technological innovation in the power grid enhances the generation of electricity to meet the demands of industrial, commercial and residential sectors. However, the industrial sectors are the focus of power grid and its demand-side management (DSM) activities. Neglecting other sectors in the DSM activities can deteriorate the total performance of the power grid. Hence, the notion of DSM and demand response by way of the residential sector makes the smart grid preferable to the current power grid. In this circumstance, this paper proposes a home energy management system (HEMS) that considered the residential sector in DSM activities and the integration of RES and energy storage system (ESS). The proposed HEMS reduces the electricity cost through scheduling of household appliances and ESS in response to the time-of-use (ToU) and critical peak price (CPP) of the electricity market. The proposed HEMS is implemented using the Earliglow based algorithm. For comparative analysis, the simulation results of the proposed method are compared with other methods: Jaya algorithm, enhanced differential evolution and strawberry algorithm. The simulation results of Earliglow based optimization method show that the integration of RES and ESS can provide electricity cost savings up to 62.80% and 20.89% for CPP and ToU. In addition, electricity cost reduction up to 43.25% and 13.83% under the CPP and ToU market prices, respectively.

Energy efficient technologies for residential buildings in Ural Region: case study of reconstructed cowshed

The development of the experimental implementation of energy-efficient technologies into the building design is interesting with regards to the Ural climate conditions. It is prime of importance to study the initial steps of rational and efficient introduction of green technologies and renewable energy sources into the building design. In this paper, we have turned our attention to the green technology implementation into the renovated building in the Urals. The renovated cowshed, located in the suburbs of Ekaterinburg, was used as an example to describe and evaluate the efficiency of successful implementation of renewable energy sources and different green solutions. The uniqueness of this building is in complete substitution of its previous functional usage with meeting such sanitary conditions, which are suitable for the living arrangements. The renovated house was equipped with power systems based on renewable energy sources, managed by a householder, and also the economical operation of solar panels along with energy system was organized. The all-year efficient work of the heat pump and the ground heat exchanger was provided, and also the efficient operation of heating and conditioning systems was maintained.

Multiple Decision Making Criteria in the Implementation of Renewable Energy Sources

Multiple Decision Making Criteria in the Implementation of Renewable Energy Sources