Energy In Indonesia Research Articles

Development Taman Surya Nusantara to increase new and renewable energy in Indonesia

Purpose: The aim of this research is to achieve sustainable development by reorienting the use of energy from fossil energy to new and renewable energy through the massive and consistent use of solar energy in Indonesia. Research Methodology: This study employed a normative empirical method with a descriptive analysis approach. Secondary data were acquired through meticulous literature review and subjected to qualitative analysis. The outcomes of the analysis serve as the cornerstone for accurate conclusions within the research (Soerjono & Mamudji, 2007). Results: The research results show that the development of Taman Surya Nusantara is instrumental, extensive, and comprehensive, to be carried out as a key to facing the challenges of the global energy crisis, as well as a strategic step to achieve sustainable development goals in Indonesia. Limitations: The construction of Taman Surya Nusantara will receive a positive response from all parties, with an orientation towards achieving the ideal use of solar energy for the realization of sustainable development. Contributions: This research explains that developments in science and technology are signs of the need for reformulation of the use of solar energy in Indonesia. In such conditions, it has implications for the phenomenon of "sustainable development goals," meaning that the dimensions of life are required to be adaptive to conditions of sustainable development in line with the essence of welcoming Golden Indonesia 2045.

THE ROLE OF CUSTOMS IN SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDONESIA

The development of renewable energy in Indonesia has experienced ups and downs due to technological barriers and inadequate economic conditions. This research has the aim of knowing the role of customs in encouraging the development and utilization of renewable energy and knowing the customs facilities provided to encourage the development and utilization of renewable energy. In this research, a qualitative research method will be used. data is obtained from interviews with related parties. Customs has an important role in the development of renewable energy. The first role is customs as a regulator. The second role performed by customs is to be a facilitator. The facility is in the form of a reduction in tax levies, namely exemption from import duties and not levied import tax. Customs agencies are proven to have a role in renewable energy development.

100% Renewable Electricity in Indonesia

The rapid fall in the cost of solar photovoltaics and wind energy offers a pathway to the deep decarbonization of energy at an affordable price. Off-river pumped hydro energy storage and batteries provide mature and large-scale storage to balance variable generation and demand while minimizing environmental and social impacts. High-voltage inter-regional interconnection and dispatchable capacity (existing hydro and geothermal) can help balance supply and demand. This work investigates an Indonesian energy decarbonization pathway using mostly solar photovoltaics. An hourly energy balance analysis using ten years of meteorological data was performed for a hypothetical solar-dominated Indonesian electricity system for the consumption of 3, 6 and 10 megawatt-hours (MWh) per capita per year (compared with current consumption of 1 MWh per capita per year). Pumped hydro provides overnight and longer storage. Strong interconnection between islands was found to be unnecessary for Indonesia, contrary to findings from similar modelling in countries at higher latitudes. Storage requirements for power and energy were found to be smaller than three kilowatts and 30–45 kilowatt-hours per person, respectively. Introducing gas turbines (burning hydrogen or synthetic methane) contributing around 1% of annual generation reduced the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) by 14% and halved the storage requirements by allowing the system to ride through prolonged cloudy periods at lower cost. This work showed that Indonesia’s vast solar potential combined with its vast capacity for off-river pumped hydro energy storage could readily achieve 100% renewable electricity at low cost. The LCOE for a balanced solar-dominated system in Indonesia was found to be in the range of 77–102 USD/megawatt-hour.

Legal Aspects of Indonesia's Obligation to Use Renewable Energy

The continued use of fossil fuel energy can increase the concentration of CO₂ gas in the atmosphere and is a major cause of climate change. Amid concerns about the impact of fossil fuel energy use, fossil fuels still dominate national energy consumption in Indonesia. In this position, it is important to know how the legal aspects related to Indonesia's obligations in the utilization of natural resources, especially in encouraging the use of renewable energy. This research is a normative juridical research. This research aims to analyze what legal aspects provide an obligation for Indonesia to make an energy transition. This is important to encourage the use of renewable energy in Indonesia. The results of this study show that Indonesia has an obligation to encourage the use of renewable energy, where this obligation arises from aspects of national law and from aspects of international law

Environmental disclosure, governance score, and tax avoidance: Evidence from Indonesian energy sector companies

Environmental disclosure, governance score, and tax avoidance: Evidence from Indonesian energy sector companies

Education and Energy Consumption: a Provincial Analysis in Indonesia

The global and national energy consumption continues to increase every year, leading to increased carbon emissions. Households are one of Indonesia's energy consumers, where household members' educational level is considered to influence energy consumption. Due to the limited studies in Indonesia regarding the relationship between education and energy consumption, this study aims to explain the relationship between education and energy consumption among provinces in Indonesia. This study is a quantitative study under the STIRPAT framework, using three estimation methods to examine the impact of education on energy consumption among provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2021, namely OLS, Fixed Effect, and Fixed Effect Discroll-Kraay. The research was conducted with three different data analyses: Indonesia as a whole, Java, and non-Java regions. The study found differences in estimation results between Java and non-Java regions, providing evidence that the level of education has different associations with per capita energy consumption in these two areas. It was also found that the estimation results for Indonesia align with those in non-Java regions. The study concludes that education has a significant positive association with energy consumption in Indonesia and specifically in non-Java regions, while the association between education and energy consumption in Java is negative and significant. The policy implications suggest that the government should continue efforts to improve the quality of education and promote more efficient energy consumption education in the Java region and implement complementary policies such as compulsory education programs for non-Java regions to reduce energy consumption in Indonesia.

Model of Global HR Development and Green Economy Diplomacy: Strengthening Global Environmental Governance in Indonesia

Objective: This study analyzes the development of global human resources and green economy diplomacy in the Indonesian context and their impact on Global Environmental Governance, focusing on the renewable energy sector and the environment. This research highlights important issues related to environmental sustainability and the Indonesian government's efforts to promote sustainable practices through Global HR development and green economic diplomacy. Methods: The research methodology involves a theoretical analysis and literature review. The HR Global Environmental Competency Model and Green Economic Diplomacy serve as the conceptual frameworks for the analysis. Data collected from various sources, including academic journals, books, government reports, and relevant publications, are systematically analyzed. Results: The analysis reveals the Indonesian government's commitment to sustainable development and the implementation of policies and programs supporting renewable energy, investment in the renewable energy sector, and environmental protection. The HR Global Environmental Competency Model and Green Economic Diplomacy play crucial roles in enhancing human resources and promoting sustainable practices. These initiatives contribute to the strengthening of Global Environmental Governance in Indonesia. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the Indonesian government's efforts in developing global human resources and implementing green economic diplomacy have a positive impact on Global Environmental Governance. However, this research has limitations in terms of its focus on Indonesia's renewable energy sector and the lack of empirical analysis. Future studies should involve empirical research, engage various stakeholders, and conduct comparative studies with other countries to gain a more comprehensive understanding of best practices and challenges in Global Environmental Governance.

Social media and optimization of the promotion of Lake Toba tourism destinations in Indonesia

Tourism is one of the largest contributors to Indonesia's foreign exchange earnings, surpassing taxation, energy, and gas. This study seeks to investigate the use of social media to optimize the promotion of Lake Toba as a tourist destination, which has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using interview techniques and live field observations, it was discovered that social media, particularly the Instagram platform, play a significant role in promoting Lake Toba tourism. The Department of Culture and Tourism of the North Sumatra Province uses landscape photography as its primary promotion method, which has proved to be more effective and interesting than conventional methods such as the distribution of brochures or the use of manuals. The capture procedure and techniques for landscape photography were carried out by professional photographers in collaboration with the Department of Culture and Tourism of the North Sumatra Province. In addition to providing information, tourism_sumut's Instagram account functions as a platform to raise public awareness about Lake Toba tourism and as a promotional medium for North Sumatra's tourist attractions on an international scale. Department of Culture and Tourism of the North Sumatra Province collaborates with travel agencies and local communities to disseminate Lake Toba tourism information.

Social media and optimization of the promotion of Lake Toba tourism destinations in Indonesia

Tourism is one of the largest contributors to Indonesia's foreign exchange earnings, surpassing taxation, energy, and gas. This study seeks to investigate the use of social media to optimize the promotion of Lake Toba as a tourist destination, which has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using interview techniques and live field observations, it was discovered that social media, particularly the Instagram platform, play a significant role in promoting Lake Toba tourism. The Department of Culture and Tourism of the North Sumatra Province uses landscape photography as its primary promotion method, which has proved to be more effective and interesting than conventional methods such as the distribution of brochures or the use of manuals. The capture procedure and techniques for landscape photography were carried out by professional photographers in collaboration with the Department of Culture and Tourism of the North Sumatra Province. In addition to providing information, tourism_sumut's Instagram account functions as a platform to raise public awareness about Lake Toba tourism and as a promotional medium for North Sumatra's tourist attractions on an international scale. Department of Culture and Tourism of the North Sumatra Province collaborates with travel agencies and local communities to disseminate Lake Toba tourism information.

The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Development on Renewable Energy in Indonesia

The study aims to explore the indicators of foreign direct investment (FDI) and their impact on economic development, with a specific focus on renewable energy in Indonesia. It is well-known that FDI plays a significant role in the development of developing countries, and Indonesia, being one of them, still faces challenges in meeting the energy needs of its citizens. The empirical analysis utilizes the Multiple Regression approach with data spanning from 1981 to 2021. The results indicate a cointegration relationship between model parameters and cross-sectional dependence. Additionally, the study finds that FDI and inflation have a negative impact on renewable energy, while population and GDP have a positive and significant effect. Furthermore, economic growth and fossil fuel consumption also positively influence renewable energy consumption. In the long term, the estimation results suggest that FDI and financial development have a simultaneous effect on energy consumption, which aligns with economic growth but not necessarily with renewable energy consumption. This implies that while FDI and financial development contribute to overall energy consumption as the economy grows, they may not directly impact the adoption of renewable energy sources. Based on the research findings, policymakers in Indonesia are encouraged to focus on sustainable development and consider policy transformations that facilitate the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources.
 Keywords: FDI, GDP, inflation, population, renewable energy, multiple regression

Analisis Kondisi Angin Menggunakan Diagram Windrose Sebagai Potensi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu di Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang

<span>Indonesia's energy needs are increasing in line with population growth, economic growth, and people's energy consumption patterns. This causes the fossil energy sources in Indonesia to continue to run low. So alternative energy is needed in the form of new and renewable energy. An analysis of surface wind patterns has been carried out in Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency. This study aims to determine the conditions of wind speed and direction in Percut Sei Tuan District, Deli Serdang Regency, as a basis for knowing the potential of wind energy in the region. Diagram analysis uses the windrose method using the WRPLOTS application. The wind condition data used is daily wind direction and speed data from January 1, 2013, through December 31, 2021, based on the online BMKG database. From the results of the analysis using the windrose method, it is found that the dominant wind direction blows from the north, which occurs in January, February, March, April, November, and December. The average wind speed ranges from 2.1 to 3.6 m/s, which is relatively low when used as an alternative energy source.</span>

Renewable Energy Contribution Based on Microgrid Using Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine Scenario

Indonesia's renewable energy mix offers an alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Indonesia has made a significant commitment to the role of exploiting this new energy in accordance with the Paris Agreement. This paper proposes the design of a microgrid architecture for a solar and wind hybrid power plant with grid-connected configuration and micro-scale power plant modeling in Ciheras Village, Cipatujah District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java. This architecture is divided into three scenarios in order to determine the best design qualities. The first scenario involves 50% photovoltaic (PV) and 50% wind turbine (WT), the second 60% PV and 40% WT, and the third 70% PV and 30% WT. The findings of the grid-connected microgrid were compared using supporting software, HOMER Pro. The various scenarios yielded performance analysis and renewable energy contribution. Modeling, calculation, simulation, and analysis demonstrate that the first scenario's potential energy output produces 25,655 kWh/year with an 88.2% Renewable Fraction (RF). The second scenario generates 26,194 kWh of energy per year, with a renewable fraction of 87.8%. The third scenario is the best based on the participation and role of distributed energy (PV-WT), with a higher amount of energy output of 30,691 kWh/year and a higher renewable proportion of 89%.

An overview of the energy segment of Indonesia: present situation, prospects, and forthcoming advancements in renewable energy technology

The rising usage of fossil fuels increases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, leading to global climate change. Thus, addressing global environmental challenges requires a widespread switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Renewable energy reduces GHG emissions, extreme weather, and climate change while boosting energy efficiency. Indonesia ranks among Asia-Pacific's top five renewable energy producers. Indonesia, a vast country with abundant natural resources, has seen a rise in renewable energy demand as consumption has increased. Thus, this study examines Indonesia's renewable and sustainable energy technologies' existing position, possibilities, and future improvements. With 420 gigawatts (GW) of theoretical renewable energy capacity, Indonesia has great potential. This capacity includes 208 GW of solar, 75 GW of hydro, 61 GW of wind, 33 GW of biofuel, 24 GW of geothermal, and 19 GW of micro-hydro. The need to increase renewable energy consumption in Indonesia is driven by environmental and economic growth laws. This review study is expected to guide future research on renewable energy technology in Indonesia. This study would guide energy-related policies, particularly renewable energy ones, to meet future demands and goals.

How Effective is the Green Financing Framework for Renewable Energy? A Case Study of PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy in Indonesia

This paper assesses the green financing framework for renewable energy in Indonesia, with a focus on PT Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) as a case study. PGE is a state-owned company and a significant producer of geothermal energy in Indonesia. The paper evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of PGE's green financing framework, including its reliance on government policy and regulation, the speed and efficiency of disbursement of funds, and the quality of project selection. The paper also examines PGE's intention to engage external auditors to verify its internal tracking method and allocation of funds, which aligns with global best practices in green financing. The involvement of external reviewers adds an extra layer of oversight and credibility to the process. Overall, the paper concludes that PGE has a strong framework in place for managing green financing, with several projects in various stages of implementation. However, there is room for improvement in terms of project selection criteria and impact reporting accuracy and reliability. In summary, this paper provides valuable insights into the green financing framework for renewable energy in Indonesia, with a specific focus on PGE as a case study.

Not So Ambitious? Indonesia’s Coal Dependence Amidst The Era of Energy Transition

Indonesia ratified the Paris Agreement to combat climate change and pledged to reduce its carbon emissions. This commitment, however, contrasts Indonesia's development plan under Joko Widodo's administration. His policy has enabled the development of additional power plants, hence perpetuating Indonesia's reliance on coal. Thus, it is essential to examine why Indonesia is still struggling to break free from its dependence on coal, despite its ambitious goal to tackle climate change. This paper will apply the Copenhagen School's securitisation theory to explore how security is defined and shapes Indonesia's energy transition process. Furthermore, this research will use distributive and procedural justice theory to examine the decision-making process and climate change policy implementation. In order to accomplish so, we will employ qualitative methods such as desk studies, which will comprise academic literature as well as government statements and regulations. This paper argues that Indonesia's energy transition is impeded by how other security issues are prioritised above climate change. In addition, the lack of justice principles in the climate policy formulation and implementation has contributed to Indonesia's reliance on coal. Since Indonesia is the world's largest coal exporter and one of the top ten global polluters, this study intends to contribute to identifying challenges in the transition to renewable energy.Keywords: Indonesia; coal dependence; energy transition; securitisation; distributive and procedural justice

China as an Alternative Source of FDI: Analyzing The Cases in Indonesia

As China is strengthening its global position, it has gradually begun to exert its influence in the world economy. This can be observed in its move as investors to countries on the Asia and Africa continents, a position used to be dominated by western countries and institutions, as seen in the International Monetary Fund . However, China’s rising economy and influence have allowed itself to become an alternative source of funding for many countries formerly dependent on the International Monetary Fund, on other western related countries or on particular institutions due to the restrictions the loans carry. Countries such as Indonesia views China as an alternate source for their foreign direct investment, manifested in the construction of the Indonesian High Speed Rail project, the projects of Huawei, and in the Indonesian energy sector. China’s potency to enter into and expand in Indonesia is supported by the lack of restrictions towards the funding, if compared to the ones provided by western institutions. As a result, China has successfully presented itself as an alternate choice for many countries who wish to seek financial support to further their development.

Geostatistics Application in 3-D Reservoir Modeling for Calculation of Hydrocarbon Resources, Case Study: North Rembang Area

Oil and gas are still indispensable commodities to meet Indonesia's energy needs in the next few decades, even though government policies related to energy transition towards net zero emission have begun to be encouraged. However, the oil and gas requirement is not followed by the availability of reserves or resources owned by Indonesia. The objective of this study is to discover new hydrocarbon resources, through 3-D reservoir modeling using geostatistical method. The geostatistical method is still the best current method to predict the distribution of facies association and reservoir petrophysical properties such as porosity and water saturation. In facies association modeling, a stochastic geostatistical method is used, namely the Truncated Gaussian with Trends (TGS) algorithm. For porosity and water saturation (SW) modeling, the Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) algorithm was applied. The results of 3-D modeling of facies associations, porosity, and water saturation are utilized to estimate gas resources in the North Rembang Area. From the estimation of gas resources, it is recognized that the Rembang Utra Area has accumulated gas resources around 3 TCF.

The Effect of Palm Shell and Empty Fruit Bunch Composition Ratio on the Quality of Biopellets for Co-firing

Agricultural waste resources, such as biomass, can be turned into valuable alternative energy sources. Biomass is critical to achieving renewable energy in Indonesia. The usage of renewable energy sources, such as biofuels (BBN), should be increased because the demand for fossil fuel sources is increasing year after year, and these fuels are limited and expensive. Biomass-derived from palm oil industry waste in the form of palm shells and empty palm oil bunches (EFB) is currently not being utilized optimally. Therefore, efforts need to be made to make palm shell waste and EFB more valuable products. The content in palm shells and EFB can potentially be converted into fuel in the form of biopellets, namely palm shells and EFB with a composition ratio of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the ratio of the composition of biomass raw materials on the Quality of Biopellets for Co-firing. The results showed that the composition ratio of 30:70 has a higher calorific value and meets SNI 8951:2020 as co-firing for power plants.

Peluang Investasi dan Pengembangan Energi Biomassa: Perspektif Pemanfaatan dan Daya Saing Pengembangannya

The current achievement range for renewable energy is around 12%, making it the greatest hurdle. Investment in biomass renewable energy has positive environmental and social impacts despite its lucrative financial potential. However, there are a number of dangers associated with this investment. Therefore, investment might be successful in the development of sustainable and sustainable biomass energy if a thorough investigation and careful planning are carried out. Biomass energy has a lot of potential, but it has yet to reach its full potential because of challenges like high production costs, inconsistent biomass availability, and a lack of supporting infrastructure. Policy and regulatory support, research and innovation, management of the biomass supply chain, increased production scale, diversified biomass sources, increased awareness and education, public-private partnerships, increased efficiency, consolidation of support finance, and environmental impact management are all crucial steps toward a solution. Improvements in conversion technology, sustainable management of biomass resources, increased government assistance, and investments in supporting infrastructure are all necessary steps toward making Indonesia's biomass energy more competitive on the global stage.

International Law and Dispute Resolution in the Context of Renewable Energy Development: A Review of the Case of Downstreaming of Nickel Ores by Indonesia

This article discusses the role of international law in resolving disputes related to the downstreaming of nickel ore by Indonesia in the context of renewable energy development. The author explores relevant aspects of international law, including trade agreements and environmental protection, which play an important role in resolving disputes related to the exploitation of nickel ore for renewable energy purposes. Through reviewing concrete cases, this article analyzes the dispute resolution process involving related parties, as well as its impact on the development of renewable energy in Indonesia. By exploring the implications of international law in the case of nickel ore downstreaming, this article aims to provide in-depth insight into the challenges and opportunities faced by countries in designing renewable energy policies by paying attention to aspects of international law.