Energy In Indonesia Research Articles

Mampukah Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Mendorong Green Economy untuk Indonesia?

Attention to the negative impact of economic growth on the environment has emerged in the green economy paradigm. The utilization of hydropower can achieve green energy as part of green econony. To analyze the role of hydropower in driving Indonesia's green energy, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method was employed. The results show that increased electricity production from hydropower will reduce environmental damage. Meanwhile, the use of fossil fuels will harm the environment for short and long periods. Indonesia is still in a scale of effect because environmental damage indicated by CO2 emission continuously increases due to economic activities. In addition, there is a bidirectional relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions. This means that Indonesia needs a sustainable economic growth. In addition, there is a bidirectional relationship between electricity production from hydropower and CO2 emissions. At the same time, a unidirectional causality presents from GDP to electricity production from hydropower, coal consumption to GDP, and consumption of oil and natural gas to CO2 emissions. The Indonesian government needs to establish policies which reduces consumption of fossil fuels, increases the investors’s interest in renewable energy, and expands the economic capacity to reach the expected turning point of the economic growth.

Utilization of Exhaust Fan from Air Conditioner for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Differences in the Number of Blades

Energy needs are increasing every year in line with the increase in population, economic growth, and high energy consumption. Indonesia's fossil energy reserves continue to decline; therefore, it is necessary to increase the non-fossil energy used. Indonesia, which has an abundant supply of renewable energy sources, is a major force in this clean energy revolution. As a renewable energy source, wind energy is a good form of energy that can be developed using wind turbines. The wind source to drive the wind turbine can come from natural wind sources or exhaust wind from equipment. In addition to utilizing natural wind energy, there is also artificial wind, which is the result of waste energy from exhaust fans, as an alternative energy source option for wind power plants. In this study, the idea emerged to conduct an experimental analysis of AC exhaust fans as a wind source for horizontal wind turbines to understand the concept of wind-based DC power generation and optimize low wind speeds in horizontal axis wind turbines with a different number of blades. The numbers were 2, 3, and 5, so the effect of the resulting voltage change could be known. The final result of testing on a horizontal turbine with 5 blades was that the wind speed was 3.63 m/s, the blade rotation was 1170.8 rpm, and the turbine was able to generate a voltage of 23.50 V.

Analysis of Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in Indonesia

The development process that uses excessive fossil energy in industrial activities impacts increasing carbon emissions in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine how the relationship between energy consumption (EN), economic growth (GDP), carbon emissions (CO2), and human development (HDI) in Indonesia in the Maqashid Syariah review. Using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach, it is found that in the long run, carbon emissions negatively affect energy consumption. Meanwhile, economic growth and human development positively affect energy consumption. Energy consumption and economic growth positively affect human development in the short term. Meanwhile, carbon emissions hurt HDI, while HDI has a positive effect on carbon emissions. Meanwhile, the Granger causality test results show that HDI has a unidirectional causality relationship with Indonesia's energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions. This result indicates that energy consumption in Indonesia has not provided protection and benefits for the community by Maqashid Sharia, which prioritizes the principle of sustainable development

Proposed Marketing Strategy of Green Jet Fuel or Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) for Pertamina Post Development of Biorefinery Plant

PT Pertamina is one of Indonesia's national energy companies that focuses on handling all the country's energy business. Indonesia through Pertamina has developed 3,000 Bbl/day of Biorefinery plant in Cilacap that will produce SAF or Green Jet Fuel as main products. The demand for SAF will keep increasing in the future. It is estimated that by 2030, SAF demand will reach up to 7 billion gallons or 5% of global jet fuel demand. The demand for SAF is driven by airline industry that wish to decarbonize themselves because aviation industry contributes 2.5% of global carbon-dioxide emission. Global organization like ICAO and IATA push aviation industry to meet net zero emission by 2050 and encouraging airlines to use SAF. The objective of this research is to develop marketing strategy for SAF product of Pertamina. The conceptual framework is important to design business strategy to have acceptable choices that are suitable for the organization. Both external and internal analysis will be conducted for this study. For the external analysis, this research will use PESTEL Analysis, Industry Analysis, Competition Analysis, and Consumer Analysis. While the internal study will make use of Segmenting, Targeting, Positioning (STP), Marketing Mix and Resource and Capability. In the first stage, internal and external factors will be assessed. In the matching stage, alternative strategies will be developed using the TOWS (Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses, Strengths) Matrix. Finally, the final analysis will use the QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) to assess the viability of each of these alternative strategies. Based on QSPM there are top five strategies feasible to be implemented which are increase production to fulfil the rising demand, strengthen ties with domestic and foreign airlines and initiate marketing campaign, build strong relationships with feedstock suppliers and make long term contract, expand global presence by collaborating with international companies and expand capability to sell products to export, and focus on developing domestic market and cementing SAF business in domestic.

Efektifitas Pengisian Baterai Menggunakan Solar Panel 50 WP (WattPeak) dengan Metode PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)

Electrical energy has become a basic need for humans today, almost all aspects of human life require electrical energy. The electrical energy needed so far has been produced from fossil energy which is not environmentally friendly and has dwindling reserves, alternative energy is needed which is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Energy that can be utilized includes water energy, wind energy, solar energy and so on. The sun is one of the abundant energy, by crossing the equator, Indonesia has enormous energy reserves. This potential is expected to become Indonesia's future energy. Currently solar cell technology is very advanced with increasingly good efficiency, in addition to energy conversion by solar cells with photovoltaic technology, a method is needed to store the results of the conversion into storage (batteries) optimally. One of the battery charging technologies is the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) method, with this method battery charging is optimal on a 50 WP solar panel. In this study, a 50 WP solar panel was used, a 28 Ah 12 Volt battery, a 10 Watt Dc 12 Volt load and a 10 Ampere PWM Solar Charger Controller (SCC). The system was running for 3 months from September to December, the load was turned on for 12 hours every day with a load absorption current of 0.9 Amperes. Every day the current used is 10.8 Amperes. For 3 months the weather was not always stable, so charging was less than optimal, but until now the system is running well with an average after usage voltage of 12.3 Volts.

Analysis study of the ratio of wave height to column diameter in OWC wave energy converter

Hydro energy is one of the potentials of renewable Energy in Indonesia. Indonesia has a vast sea, in the amount of 3,544,743.9 km2 making Indonesia a suitable country to utilize Oscillating Water Column (OWC) type power plants. The study was conducted to determine the effect of column diameter on the performance of OWC devices, especially in speed and dynamic pressure. There are 5 variations of the diameter of the column studied, namely 0.5 m, 0.75 m, 1 m, 1.25 m, and 1.5 m. Plus there are also variations in the wave period, namely 3s, 4s, and 5s. The result of this study is the column diameter of 0.75 m has an average speed of 0.389 m/s and a dynamic pressure of 2.676 N/m2, making it the best column diameter ratio of the five column diameter ratio options available.

Evaluasi pemilihan teknologi Co-firing Biomassa pada PLTU batu bara dengan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (Studi Kasus: PLTU XYZ)

Biomass co-firing technology is one way to accelerate the transition to renewable energy in Indonesia. Co-firing is currently used for the mixed combustion of coal and biomass in steam power plants with a certain blending ratio. One of the PLTU’s that has implemented co-firing technology in Indonesia is PLTU XYZ. However, as the co-firing technology progresses, PLTU XYZ experiences a number of problems, both in technical and non-technical areas. This study aims to evaluate the most appropriate co-firing technology that can be used for PLTU XYZ. The method used in this study is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results of this study indicate that the most effective criteria are economic and environmental, with weights of (0.4383) and (0.3024) followed by technical (0.1904) and social (0.0689). The most appropriate biomass co-firing technology currently used for PLTU XYZ is direct co-firing with the highest weight (0.7080) followed by indirect co-firing (0.1753) and parallel co-firing (0.1165).

ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST IN NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA

Implementation of new renewable energy policies is an important issue in climate change. In its implementation, trust between organizations is needed in achieving effective policy performance, considering that the policy is a cross-sectoral policy. This study uses a qualitative approach, data collection methods include observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. The informants in this study include cross-sectoral policy makers where the key informants are in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Data sources include primary and secondary data. Data analysis using interactive data analysis. Where these various stakeholders have the ability and can be relied upon in managing new and renewable energy in Indonesia but still need to be improved. Where is the obedience then? Agreement designed to implement new renewable energy policies in Indonesia. Related to the motives of these stakeholders, normatively they have a common interest, namely to increase the production of new and renewable energy by starting to abandon conventional energy. Finalist the commitment and political will of the stakeholders required to be consistent in implementing new renewable energy policies.

PENGARUH JUMLAH BILAH PENGARAH ANGIN JENIS OMNIDIRECTIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA MODEL TURBIN ANGIN SAVONIUS

Recently, many countries are looking for alternative energy sources that are renewable and environmentally friendly, one of which is wind energy, with Indonesia's wind energy potential of 9 GW and relatively low wind speeds and geographical position, it is necessary to develop wind turbine technology that is suitable for wind characters in Indonesia. In this research, an omnidirectional wind director model (ODGV) is developed around the savonius wind turbine which aims to improve the performance of the savonius wind turbine model. The ODGV consists of several blades that function to direct the wind at 45o counterclockwise, with the aim of accelerating the flow so as to increase the positive torque of the concave side blades and reduce the negative torque of the convex side blades of the savonius wind turbine model. An open-type wind tunnel was used to test the savonius wind turbine model with ODGVs. Five ODGVs were developed in this study, using 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 directional blades with a width of 5cm. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results show that the ODGV can substantially improve the rotor performance, depending on the number of directional blades. The ODGV with 12 directional blades produced the greatest effect on the performance of the savonius wind turbine model at Re = 93269 which could increase the Cp 69.15% more than the savonius wind turbine model without ODGV. As the Reynolds number increases, the ODGV tends to significantly improve the performance of the savonius wind turbine model.

Energy transition towards renewable energy in Indonesia

This study aims to see how efforts to optimize renewable energy resources are seen in the energy transition in Indonesia. High fossil energy consumption is the primary driver of a country’s need for an energy transition. Renewable energy is important because it is a natural energy source that can be renewed freely and without limits. This research is qualitative and descriptive, with data sources from government reports, related articles, and various regulations on renewable energy. The results showed that the optimization of this energy is opposite from the massive potential of renewable energy in Indonesia. Indonesia’s primary energy sources are still dominated by fossil energy and impact various problems, especially the environment. The findings showed that energy must be converted into renewable energy. Policies that need to be aligned and fully aligned with energy transition efforts in Indonesia are obstacles to efforts to transition to renewable energy. The renewable energy policies developed thus far have been limited to concepts. However, action is still required in the energy transition, as evidenced by the policy content, particularly regarding funding and investment, which is less than 5 percent. Therefore, government involvement is required to accelerate the transition to renewable energy, particularly regarding policies and collaboration among actors.

Circular business model, technology innovation and performance: A strategic-based theoretical framework in the Indonesian energy transition

Along with the popularity of the environment, social and governance (ESG) concerns, the circular economy concept has gained tremendous attraction from the industries, policy makers and academicians. On a firm level, this is implemented through the so-called Circular Business Model (CBM), which is seen through various initiatives. This includes firms in the energy industry, who are transitioning from conventional to renewable energy sources. Nevertheless, despite of the importance and the omnipresence of the practice, there is still lack of empirical research within the CBM topic. In particular, empirical research combining the CBM and technological innovation topic within energy industry (as technology-intensive and high risk industry) in developing country such as Indonesia, is still lacking. To answer this gap, using literature review as research method, this paper has arrived into the following propositions as main result; (1) there is a positive relationship between firm’s level of CBM and technology innovation adoption to firm’s performance, where (2) the two antecedents that are positively impacting firm’s level of CBM and technology innovation adoption are leader’s innovativeness and perceived level of technology. For academicians, this research is expected to provide contribution to the energy transition literatures within CBM and technology innovation adoption topic. Propositions provided in this paper is expected to serve as valuable basis in conducting further empirical research. For practitioners, this research is expected to provide valuable insights to make improvements and/or innovations in terms of business model, technology adoption, and strategy. At last, this research is expected to support energy transition.

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INDONESIA’S RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR AND ITS FISCAL POLICY GAP

Indonesia is a developing country with a high dependence on fossil fuels. To promote renewable energy, the government has implemented several policies, including a feed-in tariff system and tax incentives. However, the renewable energy sector in Indonesia still faces various challenges, including the fiscal policy gap. This paper aims to analyze the political economy of Indonesia’s renewable energy sector and its fiscal policy gap. We argue that the fiscal policy gap is the result of the interests of fossil fuel stakeholders who have managed to influence policy-making processes. We conclude that to overcome the fiscal policy gap, the government needs to establish a strong political will to promote renewable energy and reduce the influence of fossil fuel stakeholders. The article “The Political Economy of Indonesia’s Renewable Energy Sector and Its Fiscal Policy Gap” provides an analysis of the political economy of Indonesia's renewable energy sector and the gap in its fiscal policy. The study aims to understand the reasons for the slow progress of Indonesia's renewable energy sector and to propose a policy framework for accelerating its development. The study uses a qualitative research method and draws on data from a variety of sources, including academic studies, policy documents, and interviews with industry experts and policymakers. The findings reveal that the slow progress of Indonesia's renewable energy sector is due to a lack of political will, institutional fragmentation, and a lack of coordination among stakeholders. The study recommends that Indonesia adopt a comprehensive and integrated policy framework to overcome these challenges, including developing a national energy strategy, implementing effective fiscal incentives, and improving the regulatory environment.

The Tweetology of New and Renewable Energy in Indonesia

The amount of unstructured data is increasing annually, which is promising forgaining insights. Twitter, a platform producing unstructured data, is currently one of the mostpopular media platforms used for conducting research on a topic's trend. This study attempts toanalyze the topic of New and Renewable Energy (NRE) in Indonesia. The purpose of this studyis to gain insights into the NRE topic trend over the last ten years by modeling the topicsdiscussed on Twitter and examining the location distribution of users who post tweets about thetopic. Accordingly, this study employed descriptive analysis, geocoding analysis, and topicmodeling. The results of descriptive analysis show that the development of NRE has acceleratedin recent years, particularly in 2021. Geocoding analysis reveals that the distribution of peoplewho engage in NRE posting activities is dominated by DKI Jakarta province. Topic modelingyielding two topics that were discussed the most by Indonesians over a 10-year period. The twotopics are related to government policies that support the development of NRE and electricity,which is Indonesia's focus in NRE. This study highlights the importance of analyzing theTweetology of NRE.

Rancang Bangun Turbine Micro Hydro

Design of a Mini Hydro Turbine-based Hydro Power Plant as an effort to maximize Renewable Energy in Indonesia.

A Genetic Algorithm approach for optimization of geothermal power plant production: Case studies of direct steam cycle in Kamojang

Indonesia has enormous geothermal potential, but it only contributes 5% to Indonesia's energy matrix. During 37 years of operation, PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy Kamojang area has been operating to produce electricity and is currently capable of supplying and distributing electricity to the Java-Bali area with a capacity of 60 MWe. However, this can run into a decrease in the efficiency and effectiveness of system performance due to energy losses in several geothermal power plant components during energy conversion. In this case, exergy analysis at PT. Pertamina Geothermal Energy Kamojang area Unit 4 direct-dry steam cycle was done on each component and state. This aims to know the energy and exergy stream and where it happened irreversibly at the component. The biggest irreversibility value occurred at the turbine and main condenser, with a value of 21,693.890 kW and 21,688.148 kW. The total irreversibility of all systems is 58,326.201 kW, while the total exergy inlet systems is 119,308.457 kW, so the value efficiency exergy obtained is 51.13%. Based on the environment as dead state analysis, an efficiency exergy value is inversely proportional to the irreversibility value and ascending environment temperature. System optimization was done with the genetic algorithm method, with variable values at the pressure wellhead and inlet turbine for the overall exergy efficiency value. The value obtained from optimization is 11.98 bar at the wellhead and 10.023 bar at the inlet turbine, and the overall efficiency exergy increased by 51.22%.

GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN OIL AND GAS COMPANIES

Indonesia is a country that has the largest geothermal potential in the world because it is in the ring of fire. Indonesia's geothermal energy reserves are 29,4 GW. However, until 2022, geothermal installed capacity in Indonesia is only around 2,175 GW, which is still far from its true potential. Geothermal energy development is needed for Indonesia to empower sustainable energy systems, so as to achieve the target of 3,1 GW based on the 2017 RUEN. To achieve the RUEN target, better development is needed through the role of the oil and gas industry. Geothermal development is seen as a complex dynamic system, with complex challenges to achieve this goal. This paper aims to understand the complexities of geothermal energy development. For this purpose, this paper analyzes geothermal development with a holistic and systematic approach using the conceptual stage of the system dynamics approach. The conceptual model shows that there are many factors that underlie the development ofgeothermal energy in Indonesia.

How to Shift Knowledge in Energy Transition Era (A Perspective to Extend the Business in Energy Sector Company)

This study proposes a strategy for managing knowledge shifting processes when a company's vision and mission evolve in tandem with the expansion of its strategy, business processes, and organizational architecture in response to environmental challenges and legislation. This paper is based on a case study of Pertamina, an Indonesian energy company. This paper used survey-based quantitative research. The findings revealed that companies must transfer their knowledge in order to successfully expand their business reach. The process of knowledge transfer will contribute to the success of the new business. Information shifting procedures can be accomplished by developing new knowledge that differs from existing business knowledge. Managing existing employees with new knowledge and managing new employees with new information are the two components of the knowledge transfer process. The elements of shift mentality, willingness to learn, teamwork, and age have a role in guiding existing employees to acquire new skills. In managing the new employee, the organization is able to hire new employees with new knowledge and select new employees with diverse educational backgrounds and experiences that match the expanded business scope. This research examined the process of knowledge transfer via the lens of Knowledge-Based View (KBV) theory.
 

The strategy for developing wood pellets as sustainable renewable energy in Indonesia

Concerns about carbon emissions from the use of fossil fuels are felt globally. In order to support sustainable energy in the future, efforts to reduce emissions are carried out by developing wood pellets as renewable energy. The Indonesian government is also concerned about advancing renewable energy technology to supply the country's industries and residents with electricity. Several factors and substitute sources hamper the growth of wood pellets as a renewable energy source in Indonesia. Studies from the past point to four obstacles to low-carbon development: sociocultural, economic, technological, and governmental. Therefore, this article aims to determine the inhibiting factors and seek the best decisions for developing wood pellets as a renewable energy source. Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) procedures were applied to determine the best strategy for developing wood pellets in Indonesia. This study recruited several vital informants to identify factors and assess each alternative. The results of the analysis using ISM provide information that the Raw Materials (D11) and Standard Products (D6) sub-factors are vital in developing wood pellets as one of the renewable energies in Indonesia. Furthermore, the analysis of selecting the best alternative using TOPSIS shows that Alternative A1 (Government Incentives), with a weight of 0.825, has the longest distance. A more thorough evaluation of the articles is still needed to produce more accurate findings.

Mapping of lamtoro field in supporting the co-firing of steam power plants program

<p>The policy of renewable energy in Indonesia is expressed in the government regulation no. 79 in 2014 regarding the national energy policy. In the document, renewable energy is targeted to reach 23% in 2025, and a minimum of 31% in 2050. One of the developed renewable energies is biomass which is produced by lamtoro, a plant which has been employed as a mixture in coal at Anggrek steam power plant 2×25 MW Gorontalo. As much of 1% to 5% of lamtoro is added in 1,000 ton of coal per day. The research aims to create a thematic map of the distribution of lamtoro to meet the need of co-firing at Anggrek steam power plant. The result of research shows the total area of field which has been planted with lamtoro is 69,074 ha, scattered in 14 districts. Meanwhile the largest area is Kabila Bone district (22,070 ha), and the smallest area is East Bulango district (0.228 ha). The estimated potential of lamtoro in 14 districts of Bone Bolango regency is about 916,439.86 ton/ha/year.</p>

The Influence of Deflector on the Performance of Cross-Flow Savonius Turbine

Several factors, including the accessibility of energy sources, influence the movement of human activities in this era. However, humans still rely on fossil energy sources. For example, petroleum is non-renewable and can pollute the environment. As a result, researchers have recently been competing to produce various forms of using renewable energy sources. Ocean current energy is one of Indonesia's greatest energy potentials and a hydrokinetic turbine is a device that can harness it. Due to its ability to run on low-speed currents, the vertical-type Savonius turbine has been developed by numerous researchers up until this point. However, there has not yet to be much advancement in the cross-flow type Savonius turbine. The turbine's performance is investigated in this study by adding a flow deflector because the water flow that propels the returning blade is diverted and intensifies the advancing blade flow. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software has been used to conduct the analysis. The deflector has been added, and the results have showed an average performance improvement of 12% in overall variations. The maximum Cp of 0.299 has been achieved with a deflector configuration angle of 42° at a TSR of 0.74.