Hybrid Renewable Energy System Research Articles

Techno-Economic Assessment of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System for a County in the State of Bahia

Installation of hybrid systems with storage is a way to maximize the amount of energy generated through exploring the complementarity of different sources. Understanding hybrid power plant (HPP) operation is crucial for optimizing new systems and reconfiguring existing plants, to their enhance efficiency. Alongside technical aspects, economic feasibility is also a fundamental feature. This study simulated an off-grid HPP to consider the energy consumption of Casa Nova in Bahia, Brazil. The methodology consisted of the selection of energy sources, choosing a reference location, acquisition of generation and operational data, modeling and simulating the system in different scenarios, and a financial analysis. HOMER Pro software Version 3.16.2 was used to optimize the plant configuration, and the outputs were evaluated using the perspectives of levelized cost of energy (LCOE), simple payback, and power load fulfillment. As a result, scenario 3 was the most competitive, emphasizing that the use of different energy sources increased the system generation capacity. However, the addition of battery energy system storage (BESS) resulted in a high LCOE when compared to individual sources, which demonstrated that the cost of battery integration is not yet nationally competitive. Moreover, the results highlighted the importance of research investments, energy governance, and regulation in promoting hybrid system adoption.

Sustainable Integration of Green Hydrogen in Renewable Energy Systems for Residential and EV Applications

The surge in interest surrounding renewable energy stems from concerns regarding pollution and the finite supply of nonrenewable resources. Solar PV and wind hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are increasingly recognized as practical and cost-effective solutions, particularly in remote areas. However, the intermittent nature of solar and wind power presents a challenge. To address this, incorporating a hydrogen source into the system has been proposed. This study focuses on modelling and sizing a hybrid energy system tailored for remote areas, accommodating both home and electric vehicle loads. The simulation is conducted for Siliguri, West Bengal, India, with the goal of optimizing productivity, minimizing expenses, and considering economic factors using HOMER Pro software. The integration of green hydrogen-based power generation with photovoltaic and wind HRES emerges as an effective solution. Solar power, in particular, showcases promising opportunities for the electrolysis process and HRES systems. The presented work facilitates the modelling of a green hydrogen-based green energy system, taking into account capacity, cost, and emission constraints. Various case studies are conducted to enhance system efficiency and reduce the costs of energy (COE). In this paper, three cases of grid-connected and three cases of off-grid or grid-disconnected systems are considered for highlighting the benefits of hydrogen energy incorporation in both types of systems. This research contributes to sustainable energy solutions, advancing a greener and more efficient energy landscape, especially in addressing the recent development in load combinations of home and electric vehicle loads in both grid-connected as well as grid-disconnected system.

Prefeasibility techno-economic analysis of hybrid renewable energy system

The feasibility of a hybrid renewable energy system for long-term rural electrification in Billerahalli village, Karnataka, India, is investigated in this paper. This paper presents a systematic methodology for planning and designing of an efficient hybrid system that incorporates techno-economic optimization analysis. Using HOMER PRO software, several hybridization situations are modelled and analyzed. In this design, electrolyzer and a hydrogen tank are included to reduce the need for batteries. The results shown that the optimal configuration system is a wind turbine, electrolyzer, hydrogen tank, converter, and LL1500-W battery (4 units of 800 kW/ 100 kW/ 100 kg/ 734 kW/ 500 units), with a low net present cost, cost of energy, a significant return on investment, and reductions in carbon emissions. This system offers a steady power supply by utilizing 100 % renewable sources, with a net present cost of $5.21 million and a relatively low energy cost of $0.25 per kilowatt-hour. The optimized hybrid system outperforms other system configurations in terms of cost-effectiveness and environmental performance. Concurrently, the sensitivity analysis emphasizes the system costs majorly depends on the unpredictability of solar radiation and wind speed, as well as changes in interest rates impacting future investment decisions. Finally, the study expects to provide the awareness of renewable energy potential usage in Billerahalli village and significant information for the efficient design and exploitation of hybrid renewable energy systems within the larger energy sector.

Application of hybrid renewable energy systems for supplying electricity demand of a water pump station of agricultural plants: a case-based research

Abstract Employing clean energy production in agricultural purposes has attracted the attention of many researchers. One of the challenges is the flexible nature of irrigation of the plants that need to have a changeable power source of pump stations to supply the load demands. Renewable energies are among the best solutions to supply environmentally-friendly power, especially in remote areas where there is no access to the electricity. This study considers the needed water of five different plants, and according to the calculated hydromodule, the capacity of the pump station as well as its monthly and yearly load demands are determined. Based on the calculated load demand, different configurations of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are considered, and the optimum sizes of equipment are determined. The needed load demand is 1463 kWh/day and peak load is 266.16 kW. Based on the suppositions and inputs of this study, results show that the best economic configuration would be PV/wind turbine/diesel generator/battery the way that cost of energy (COE) and net present cost (NPC are 0.28 ($/kWh) and $2.48 million. Also, the best environmentally friendly system (PV/wind turbine/battery) where CO2 emission is zero and RF is 100%, can be obtained with 647 kW PV panels and 106 wind turbines, the way that COE and NPC values are 0.5 ($/kWh) and 4.41 $ million. To reach the best technical system (PV/generator/battery), 514 kW PV, 100 kW diesel generator, and 1816 batteries would have the least unmeted load and excess electricity where COE and NPC values are 0.34 ($/kWh) and 2.98$ million.

Feasibility of hydrogen hybrid energy systems for sustainable on- and off-grid integration: An Australian REZs case study

The escalating effects of climate change and the finite nature of fossil fuels underscore the imperative for transitioning to renewable energy. This study assesses the feasibility of hybrid energy systems that harness renewable sources, such as solar and wind power, alongside hydrogen technologies and solid-state lithium-ion batteries in diverse energy landscapes. Concentrating on five of Australia's renewable energy zones (REZs)—Broken Hill in New South Wales, Murray River in Victoria, Darling Downs in Queensland, Riverland in South Australia, and North East Tasmania—the research employs the Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER Pro) microgrid software. This software optimizes the sizing of system components to ascertain the most cost-effective configurations for each REZ, considering varied scenarios, including resource availability and demand patterns. The findings indicate that Broken Hill and Murray River exhibit the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for off-grid and on-grid configurations, respectively, at $0.32/kWh and $0.030/kWh. Conversely, North East Tasmania has the highest LCOE for both configurations, at $0.38/kWh and $0.034/kWh, respectively. Furthermore, the study suggests that beyond grid extension distances of 350–530 km, off-grid solutions may be more economically viable than grid extensions. Moreover, on-grid configurations demonstrate the lowest net present cost (NPC), benefiting from the option to sell surplus electricity back to the utility grid, thereby enhancing their economic advantage over off-grid options. The strategic implications of these results are significant for global energy planning, advocating for a portfolio approach that incorporates a mix of on-grid, off-grid, and extended-grid systems, crucial for sustainably meeting future energy demands. These insights have the potential to guide research, policy, and investment decisions, promoting the cost-efficient deployment of renewable hydrogen hybrid energy systems. The outcomes of this study reinforce that a sustainable energy economy is necessary and achievable through the informed and strategic deployment of technology tailored to geographical and economic specificities.

Switched Z-Source Boost Converter in Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Grid-Tied Applications

The world's focus is shifting toward Renewable Energy Sources (RES) as a result of the sharp rise in energy demand and the depletion of conventional energy sources. Distributed generation (DG) units developed on RES are easily and reliably integrated into grid due to microgrid technology. Inverters are typically used to integrate DGs into microgrid. At present, the fastestgrowing renewable sources of electricity in the world is photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy conversion system (WECS), which evolved in response to growing environmental concerns about the risks of climate change connected with power generation. Recent technological developments have made it a top priority for researchers to find ways to enhance the efficiency of hybrid systems and the power converter stage. In order to achieve transmission losses and ensure energy savings, a new 13-bus system is developed in this work for regulating the output voltage in distribution networks. Switched Z-source Boost converter along with Proportional Integral (PI) controller is employed to boost the voltage obtained from PV system. A battery converter along with a bi-directional battery is connected to the DC link, to store energy generated by Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) in excess amount. The obtained DC link voltage is transferred to three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) for the conversion of DC to AC voltage. Effective harmonic reduction is attained with the aid of LC filter coupled to Three phase grid, and the PI controller associated to the grid supports in achieving effective grid synchronization. The proposed research is validated using MATLAB Simulink by considering the 13-bus system and an efficiency of 96.8 % is obtained with 0.93% Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).

Pathway to Sustainability: An Overview of Renewable Energy Integration in Building Systems

Decarbonizing the building sector is crucial for mitigating climate change, reducing carbon emissions, and achieving an energy production–consumption balance. This research aims to identify key design principles and strategies to enhance energy savings and analyze the integration potential of renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass, providing in-depth technical exploration and evaluating current building developments. Moreover, the study also examines recent developments, explicitly focusing on integrating hybrid renewable energy systems, energy storage solutions, and AI-based technological innovations. Through comprehensive analysis and critical evaluation, this research provides valuable insights and practical recommendations for achieving building sustainability and advancing the transition towards a low-carbon built environment.

Techno-economic analysis of renewable energy generation at the South Pole

Transitioning from fossil-fuel power generation to renewable energy generation and energy storage in remote locations has the potential to reduce both carbon emissions and cost. This study presents a techno-economic analysis for implementation of a hybrid renewable energy system at the South Pole in Antarctica, which currently hosts several high-energy physics experiments with nontrivial power needs. A tailored model of resource availability and economics for solar photovoltaics, wind turbine generators, lithium-ion energy storage, and long-duration energy storage at this site is explored in different combinations with and without existing diesel energy generation. The Renewable Energy Integration and Optimization (REopt) platform is used to determine the optimal system component sizing and the associated system economics and environmental benefit. We find that the least-cost system includes all three energy generation sources and lithium-ion energy storage. For an example steady-state load of 170 kW, this hybrid system includes 180 kW-DC of photovoltaic panels, 570 kW of wind turbines, and a 3.4 MWh lithium-ion battery energy storage system. This system reduces diesel consumption by 95% compared to an all-diesel configuration, resulting in approximately 1200 metric tons of carbon footprint avoided annually. Over the course of a 15-year analysis period the reduced diesel usage leads to a net savings of 57 million United States dollars, with a time to payback of approximately two years. All the scenarios modeled show that the transition to renewables is highly cost effective under the unique economics and constraints of this extremely remote site.

An energy-economic analysis of a hybrid PV/wind/battery energy-driven hydrogen generation system in rural regions of Egypt

The production of storable green hydrogen via water electrolysis, driven by renewable energy, is an attractive alternative for paving the way for a carbon-free business and a feasible path to energy sustainability. This study investigated the technical and economic feasibility of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system (PV/WT-BS/WE) that relied on a photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), battery storage (BS) and water electrolyzer (WE) to generate electricity and green hydrogen in three Egyptian regions with different climate. The targeted outcomes in terms of electricity and hydrogen generation, system efficiency, and cost analysis are computed, displayed, and compared with other hydrogen production scenarios with various working policies includes (PV-BS/WE), (PV/WT-WE), and (PV-WE) utilizing MATLAB/Simulink computer simulation. According to the findings, the PV/WT-BS/WE scenario is more advantageous in Ras Ghareb as an optimal site, with a yearly generation of electricity, hydrogen of (16,984.64 kWh, 3127.65 m3), and overall system average efficiency of 14.41 %. A favorable LCOH of 2.22 $/kg found in Ras-Garb, in northeastern Egypt. This study could guide authorities in developing various national-scale hydrogen production systems since it outlines the techno-economic features of various scenarios across the country. Additionally, the effectiveness of the suggested system is evaluated against existing literature.

Technical and economical design and optimization of a solar-biodiesel collector system to supply electricity and drink water in AbuMusa Island

A hybrid renewable energy system including microalgae cultivation ponds to produce biodiesel. The necessary heat for the biodiesel production system is provided by microalgae through a solar parabolic linear collector, and the water temperature of the ponds, which is supplied from the sea, is provided by a geothermal system. Additionally, the linear collector is utilized to supply the necessary heat for the solar water desalination system. All the simulations of the mentioned renewable systems, except for the solar collector, were carried out separately in ASPEN HYSYS software, and the solar collector was simulated in Fortran software. The results were utilized in the ASPEN HYSYS. The simulation results show that to supply 225 kW of power through a diesel generator, 492 microalgae cultivation ponds are needed and the share of biofuel in the power supply is 5 %. The biodiesel reactor produces fuel at a cost of 1.45 $/L and has an efficiency of 79.8 %. Also, by simulating the solar collector in the Fortran and using its results in solar water desalination, the minimum and maximum produced drinking water are 358 l/h in August and 609 l/h in October, respectively. The price of water produced is 3.45 $/m3.

Evaluating the impact of industrial loads on the performance of solar PV/diesel hybrid renewable energy systems for rural electrification in Ghana

Access to reliable electricity remains a significant challenge in many rural communities worldwide. Off-grid solar PV hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) have emerged as a viable option for rural electrification. However, rural communities' lack of productive load often limits their effectiveness. This study aimed to assess the impact of agro-processing productive loads on the performance of off-grid solar PV HRES for rural electrification. Hybrid Optimization Multiple Energy Resource (HOMER) software was used to perform a techno-economic analysis of a solar PV/diesel HRES. The study findings showed improvement in the rural community's load factor and solar load correlation with the integration of the productive load. Subsequently, increasing the renewable energy fraction in solar PV/diesel HRES reduces the levelized cost of energy (LCOE), making electricity generation more cost-effective for rural electrification in Ghana. Comparatively, the improved LCOE was found to be substantially higher than the End User Tariff of all residential consumers on the national grid, even under high PV penetration and full capital cost subsidy cases. The study provides valuable insights into the role of agro-based productive loads in enhancing the performance of rural off-grid solar HRES.

Towards Efficient Energy Solutions: MCDA-Driven Selection of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

In these days of growing awareness on Renewable Energy Sources and their benefits, there is a major issue that needs to be considered, which is selection of suitable Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) among the vast multitude of choices. In this paper, multiple Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques are proposed to select the best among a choice of six HRES Systems using different criteria including but not limited to net present cost (NPC), operating cost, renewability fraction, CO2 & NOx emissions etc. The criteria weights are obtained using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on the preference order of the criteria. The decision matrix is obtained from the statistical data of the different HRES and using different MCDA techniques such as Multi-Objective Optimization on the Basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR), rankings are given to the HRES systems based on their closeness to the ideal solution. These rankings are helpful in the selection of suitable HRES configuration for normal household purposes. Since cost aspects are given greater preference, the obtained rankings lean more towards economically affordable solutions without compromising on the number of units generated.

Optimal Sizing of Renewable Hybrid Energy System: A Review of Methodologies

The ever-growing energy demand, the intermittent nature of renewable energy resources such as wind, photovoltaic etc coupled with issues of reliability makes the hybrid renewable energy systems more preferred. Hybrid energy sources offers better reliability and cost effectiveness than a single energy source. One of the most important issues related to hybrid renewable energy systems is obtaining the optimal size of their parts so as to utilize them efficiently and economically. Determining the optimal size of hybrid energy systems helps to avoid over-sizing or under-sizing of the system which will subsequently affect the cost and reliability of the system. Optimal sizing becomes complex when considering multiple hybrid mix while at the same time considering various objectives such as cost, CO2 gas emission and reliability. This paper aims at critically reviewing the various optimization techniques used in optimal sizing of various combination of hybrid energy sources for effective selection of the appropriate sizing method for hybrid renewable energy systems. It has been found that meta-heuristic techniques are well suited for optimal sizing of the hybrid energy systems with Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization techniques being the most commonly used Algorithms.

Efficient integration of photo voltaic and hydro energy technologies for sustainable power generation in rural areas: A case study

This research aims to provide an efficient and cost-effective renewable energy supply. It assesses the potential for photovoltaic (PV) and hydro energy in Pirthala, Haryana, India, using HOMER Pro® v3.14.2. A Hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) can continuously power 855 homes. The optimal HRES configuration comprises well-optimized PV modules, hydro turbines, converters, and batteries. The top four configurations were selected based on criteria such as net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy production (COE). The most effective HRES configuration involves a 3461-kW solar array, a 98.1 kW hydro turbine, 304 lithium-ion batteries of 100 kWh, and a 2785-kW converter, achieving a 100 % integration of renewable energy. This ideal HRES was thoroughly assessed regarding economic, technical, and renewable energy considerations. The results and the optimized HRES configuration can serve as a valuable reference for similar initiatives in rural areas, contributing to adopting renewable energy sources and enhancing energy access and reliability.

Development and Advantages of Renewable Energy Hybrid Systems (REHS)

Solar power is a demand of our planet in coming days due to the depletion of non-renewable sources of energy. The renewable sources of energy are responsible for 80 % of world’s power and we all are directly dependent on non-renewable source which will only last in coming decades. Due to increase in power demands new development in renewable sources of energy are going on due to which on commercial level solar cell achieved an efficiency of 15 – 20 % and improving day by day. At a panel inclination of 22 oC, the effect of panel temperature and relative humidity on photovoltaic are studied. A precision digital hygrometer and thermometer, and a digital clamp meter were used in the process. Results obtained show that the effect of relative humidity on current, voltage, power of single and 10 panels combined together. The results also show that voltage and current remain fairly stable between 15 % to 35 % relative humidity. Panel’s temperature also plays a significant role on performance after 55 ºC, the voltage started dropping in both cases. Output from the wind turbine has also been measured on a working condition day, and different readings have been recorded with an interval of 15 mins at different wind speeds. It works by converting the kinetic energy in the wind first into rotational kinetic energy in the turbine and then electrical energy that can be supplied. The output energy comes directly depend on speed of wind and the blades swept area. Renewable Energy Hybrid System (REHS) is a system that utilizes two sources or more of renewable energy. As an advantage, it will produce continuous source of energy and utilizing one source in the absence of other source(s). The aim of this study is to enhance the energy output of renewable energy system which is the wind turbine by incorporating solar panels.

Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: An Integrated Approach to Rural Electrification

Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: An Integrated Approach to Rural Electrification

Mitigation of Power Quality Issue in Hybrid Renewable Energy Source by UPQC with Optimization Techniques

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to mitigate power quality issues in hybrid renewable energy systems through the utilization of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) integrated with optimization techniques. As renewable energy sources like wind and solar play an increasingly significant role in power generation, ensuring high-quality power supply becomes imperative. The UPQC, comprising series and shunt active power filters, is strategically deployed to address voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and other disturbances. To enhance its efficacy, advanced optimization techniques such as control algorithm optimization and parameter tuning are employed. These techniques enable the UPQC to adapt to varying operating conditions and optimize its performance in real-time. Integration with hybrid renewable energy sources is seamless, facilitating coordinated operation for optimal power quality enhancement. The proposed approach emphasizes real-time monitoring and control, enabling proactive response to power quality fluctuations and ensuring stable and reliable electricity supply. Through rigorous testing, validation, and maintenance protocols, the effectiveness and reliability of the integrated system are demonstrated. This holistic approach contribute to the stability and sustainability of modern power grids, fostering the widespread adoption of hybrid renewable energy systems.

Design optimization of a multi-source renewable energy system using a novel method based on selective ensemble learning

This study conducts a comparative assessment to optimize the design of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) consisting of PV panels, wind turbines (WTs), and hydrogen storage (PV/WT/FC). The study focuses on Dakhla City, leveraging its favorable weather conditions to evaluate the potential of renewable energy sources. A novel approach, Selective Ensemble Marine Predators (SEMPA), is introduced. SEMPA utilizes a selective ensemble learning strategy to enhance the performance of the Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) and determine the optimal system size with the lowest Total Net Present Cost (TNPC) and improved reliability. To benchmark SEMPA's performance, we compare it against established methods, including MPA, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Harmony Search (HS). Results demonstrate that the integrated PV/WT/FC system provides a reliable and cost-effective energy solution for the southwest region of Morocco, particularly in Dakhla. SEMPA outperforms HS, PSO, and traditional MPA, achieving stable convergence after 30 iterations. The system exhibits a superior Cost of Energy (COE) at 0.3127 $/kWh, a TNPC of 0.9689 M$, and a low Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) at 0.04747.

Biomass-Based Microgrid: A Case Study on its Aspects in the State of Punjab in India

The microgrid is an emerging power system. It works on the interconnection of renewable energy resources (RES) such as solar, wind and biomass, which is a promising field for researchers to explore the scope of power production from unconventional energy resources. Various combinations of RES like solar, wind, biomass and small-hydro power plants are available at different geographical locations. As a result, the combined use of various RES is drawing more attention and is frequently employed as an alternative to energy based on fossil fuels. Economic facets of these systems are suitably promising to consider them for raising the growth of power generation capability in developing countries. Objective of this paper is to presents a detailed study of the biomass-based hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) in terms of their cost of energy and carbon emission. Moreover, the deployment of biomass-based power generation technology in Indian and international energy scenarios has been discussed showing the availability along with the availability of RES in Punjab, India. From the literature review it reveals that a viable configuration of microgrid which can generate power by direct combustion and gasification of biomass should be proposed and optimized to ensure more reliability and less carbon footprints in power generation.

Exploring synergistic ecological and economic energy solutions for low-urbanized areas through simulation-based analysis

<abstract> <p>In this study, we assess the feasibility of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) for the residential area of Hengam Island, Iran. The optimal system design, based on the analysis of minimum CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, unmet electric load and capacity shortage, reveals that a hybrid system consisting of 12,779,267 kW (55.8% of production) of solar PV panels and 10,141,978 kW (44.2% of production) of wind turbines is the most suitable for this case study. This configuration ensures zero CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and high reliability over a 25-year project lifetime, with an unmet electric load of 164 kWh per year and a capacity shortage of 5245 kWh per year. However, this case has a high initial cost of equipment, with a Total Net Present Cost (TNPC) of ＄54,493,590. If the power grid is also used for energy exchange with the island, TNPC can be significantly reduced by 76.95%, and battery losses can be reduced by 96.44%. The proposed system on the grid can reduce carbon emissions to zero, making it highly environmentally compatible. The sale of excess electricity produced to the power grid creates an energy market for the island. Given the weather conditions and the intensity of the sun in the studied area, the area has very suitable conditions for the exploitation of renewable energies. Transitioning the residential sector towards renewable energies is crucial to overcome energy crises and increasing carbon emissions. Increasing renewable equipment production and improving technology can address the challenge of high prices for renewable energy production.</p> </abstract>