Renewable Energy Development Policy Research Articles

The Impact of Renewable Energy Development on Regional Carbon Emission Reduction: Based on the Spatio-Temporal Analysis of 30 Provinces in China.

The development of renewable energy has become an important means for the world to cope with climate change, ensure energy security, and protect the ecological environment. Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2021, this study used the mediating effect model and the spatial Durbin model (SDM) to explore the mechanism and spatial effects of renewable energy development on China's regional carbon emission reduction. The results show that: (1) Renewable energy development can help to reduce carbon emission intensity. (2) The results of mechanism analysis show that renewable energy development reduces carbon intensity by improving energy structure, promoting industrial structure optimization, and industrial structure upgrading. (3) The development of renewable energy can not only reduce the local carbon intensity but also have a positive spillover effect on the carbon intensity of neighboring regions. (4) Further analysis shows that the long-term effect of renewable energy development on carbon emissions is greater than the short-term effect. At the same time, the heterogeneity analysis shows that compared with the Yellow River basin, the development of renewable energy has a significant carbon emission reduction effect in the Yangtze River Economic Belt region. Energy-rich areas fall into the "resource curse", which makes the carbon emission reduction effect of renewable energy development not significant. This paper has certain reference significance for promoting reasonable decomposition between regions and formulating renewable energy development policies.

Impact of carbon emission trading and renewable energy development policy on the sustainability of electricity market: A stackelberg game analysis

Optimizing the electricity structure and achieving sustainable development are critical objectives in the current electricity market. To facilitate a low-carbon transition, China is planning to implement renewable energy development policies based on carbon emissions trading (CET), which includes feed-in premiums (FIP), renewable portfolio standards (RPS), and their corresponding green certificate trading mechanisms. However, it remains to be seen how these policies will work together to promote the growth and adoption of renewable energy sources in China. Accordingly, this paper aims to establish a Stackelberg game model of the electricity market under the two types of combination policy scenarios of CET-FIP and CET-RPS and compare the influence of different combination policies on the development of the renewable energy industry. The results show that: (1) Compared with a single renewable energy development policy, CET-RPS and CET-FIP policies can effectively reduce carbon emissions. (2) In the long run, the CET-RPS policy has a stronger ability to reduce emissions, and the CET-FIP policy has stronger economic benefits. (3) In the early stage of renewable energy development, electricity generation, profit of power generation companies, and social welfare are higher under the CET-RPS policy, while in the mature stage of renewable energy development, these important performance indices become better under the CET-FIP policy. (4) Under the CET-RPS policy, an increase in carbon price will result in an increase in on-grid price and a decrease in green certificate price. In contrast, under the CET-FIP policy, an increase in carbon price will lead to an increase in on-grid price and premium subsidy.

Floating Photovoltaic Potential in the Rawa Biru Area of South Papua Province

National energy policy and renewable energy development policy towards 23% in 2025, the first target is to increase solar energy capacity as a priority where development includes rooftop solar power plants, large scale solar power plants, and floating solar power plants. The legal basis for the development of renewable energy is the policies of the central government and regional governments through regulations made. South Papua with the potential of Rawa Biru which is one of the sources of clean water in Merauke. Rawa Biru with a watershed area (DAS) of 4,791.671 km2 and an actual water body area of ​​95 ha. Simulation is done using Google Earth and Solargis software. Potential of floating PV in Rawa Biru with data maps, solar azimuth and PV configurations. Area of 95 ha floating PV potential 53,25 MWp, generating potential 79,93 GWh/year and area of 8 ha floating PV potential 2,14 MWp, generating potential 3,24 GWh/year.

An Improved Solar Cooling System for Date Safety and Storage under Climate of the Maghreb

As a freely available energy source for managing long-term issues in energy crisis, solar energy (SE) will have to grow more to meet world’s energy demands. Maghreb countries have launched international tenders for large-scale solar power projects, confirming north African countries’ goals to become green-power leaders, by enforcing renewable energy development policies. This work is aimed at simulating and designing a SE cooler to safely store quality and tasty dates. By optimizing the storage parameters and cooling gas with less energy consumption, R152a has been confirmed as a reliable refrigerant to own high critical temperature, sufficient specific heat capacity, and potential cost-effectiveness of compression. Safe packaging in Tolga-Algeria-Dates food company can be achieved by safe cooling systems that is aimed at wide variation of energy storage and delivery requirements of the manufacturing process. The performance ratio ( P R ) and energy losses have been analyzed by using the PVsyst software. The paper is also aimed at studying load requirements of an SE cooler of dates, designing/installing a standalone solar PV system, and modeling the refrigerant gas of the SE cooler, done with INTARCON software and SOLKANE refrigerant software program. P R and loss analysis has been done using PVsyst. Total amounts of yearly energy injected into grid and nominal PV array energy are estimated to be, respectively, 84.536 and 85.861 MWh, while total yearly losses of the system are estimated to be 15.5 MWh. It reveals that the PV system efficiency set from ~10% in winter to 11.3% in summer, while P R rises from a 77.5% in July to 89.3% in December. Future research will design of energy consumption monitoring of the PV system, favoring SE cooling of dates. Via PVsyst concrete realities of PV performance and insights for better operational monitoring were well understood.

Offshore wind power station (OWPS) site selection using a two-stage MCDM-based spherical fuzzy set approach

In response to challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change to achieve the goal of ensuring sustainable economic growth, offshore wind power development not only provides a clean and sustainable source of energy but also provides opportunities for economic growth and job creation. Offshore wind energy projects have been promptly suggested in Vietnam due to policy advancement, with the country's excellent wind resources. The success of an offshore wind energy project is decided mainly by choosing the best location for offshore wind power station (OWPS) construction, which is a complex multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem with the coexistence of conflicting factors. There is a problem with incomplete decision information use and information loss during the decision-making process, and it is easy to overlook the interaction difficulty in a fuzzy environment. To address the complex nature of the prioritization problem posed, this study proposes a hybrid MCDM framework combining the spherical fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (SF-AHP) and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS). SF-AHP is used in the first stage to determine the significance levels of OWPS evaluation criteria. WASPAS is then utilized to rank locations of OWPS. A comprehensive set of evaluation criteria developed based on the concept of sustainable development has been recognized by reviewing the literature review and interviewing experts to practice the two-stage MCDM model. A real case study for Vietnam is conducted to test the effectiveness of the proposed method. The best location schemes have been determined by using the decision framework. The results of the sensitivity analysis and a comparison analysis demonstrate that the decision framework is practical and robust. The proposed methodology can be used to attain a decision-making process at the regional level for offshore wind farm planning and coastal development, and the study results encourage the establishment of renewable energy development policies.

How does the EU's COVID-19 economic recession impact the renewable energy of other countries? The spillover effect

This work is aimed to explore the indirect impact of the EU's COVID-19 economic recession on global renewable energy consumption from the perspective of spillover effect. To this end, a global vector autoregressive (GVAR)-energy model was constructed based on the data of 33 major economies. After unit root test, cointegration test, weak exogeneity and structural stability test, the simulation results show that the spillover effects of the EU economic recession do not lead to a decline in the renewable energy consumption in all other countries. In fact, the spillover effect of the EU economic recession leads to an increase in renewable energy consumption in a small number of other countries, such as India. However, the spillover effect of the EU economic recession leads to a decline in renewable energy consumption in most other countries in the long run. Especially, the spillover effect of a 1% decline in the EU economy causes renewable energy consumption in the United States and China to fall by approximately 0.1% and 0.8%, respectively. Targeted renewable energy development policies should be developed to reduce the negative spillover effects of EU COVID-19 economic recession on renewable energy development.

Five-Year Development Plans of Renewable Energy Policies in Iran: A Content Analysis

Renewable energy (RE) policies can play an effective role in the development of renewable resources. The main goal of this paper was to conduct a content analysis on RE development policies in Iran’s five-year National Development Plan (NDP) by investigating upstream national documents. To achieve the goal, 29 upstream documents related to RE were identified and analyzed through a systematic literature review. Then, a qualitative content analysis was applied to analyze the documents. The results showed that Iran’s current RE policies need to be reviewed, reformed, and strengthened. For example, lack of sufficient attention to renewable heat and fuel was one of the deficiencies of RE policies in Iran’s five-year NDP. The decentralization of policymaking in the unified organization was also one of the weaknesses in the policymaking process of the RE. Iran can develop sustainable and clean RE policies by using sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, wave, and tidal power. The paper concludes that, although RE policies have the potential for development in Iran due to environmental, social, and economic advantages, they could face some infrastructural, managerial, socio-cultural, and economic challenges. Accordingly, effective and innovative policymaking is required to meet such challenges.

Policies and laws in the application of renewable energy Indonesia: A reviews

<abstract> <p>Renewable energy is a global energy system that is very important in nature and humans' harmonious and conducive development. Considerable attention from the government towards renewable energy is due to the increasing energy demand. The impact of the current energy shortage has also resulted in damage to the environment. The current legal framework for accelerating the development of renewable energy has made a considerable contribution but is still not in favor of investors. Thus, the integration of renewable energy into the national energy system is still far from being expected, so the cooperation between the government and industrial development must be further enhanced. The specific aim of this work is to adopt various practices and policies towards the development of renewable energy from several developing countries. A critical review of this work will discuss policies and legislation on renewable energy policies especially under-operation, fragmentation, and obsolescence. Policies in favor of renewable energy developers are also presented in this paper. This paper as a whole investigates various renewable energy development policies from developing countries to be adopted in ensuring the availability of energy security in the future.</p> </abstract>

Environmental effect of biodiesel mandatory policy

One major biofuel in Indonesia is biodiesel with palm oil constituting the predominant raw material. Over recent years, biodiesel has become the most rapidly developing and influential aspect for economic. Biodiesel mandatory policies aim to reduce import of diesel from fossil fuels, buffer for CPO price, reduce emissions and balancing supply demand of palm oil. The biodiesel policy is supported by the CPO fund mechanism managed by BPDPKS to overcome the price gap of diesel and biodiesel which is affected by volatile price of CPO and fossil fuels. About 8 million ton (5%) CPO production in Indonesia is allocated for biodiesel production to supply domestic and overseas markets. In the long term, palm oil-based biodiesel will become the focus of renewable energy development policy in Indonesia. National energy policy direction ensures an optimum energy mix, with renewables targeted to contribute up 31% of the energy mix by 2050. These are optimistic targets that hope to be achieved over various constraints, such as issues of land for feedstock, gap price between biodiesel prices and diesel fuels, dependence on imported technologies and equipment, and low market demand for biodiesel, particularly in sectors with no government intervention. There is a general assumption that biodiesel or bioenergy already fall in line with sustainability principles as they are sourced from the agriculture sector. The study aims to examine the impact of biodiesel development to economic and environment, also to review several challenges facing by biodiesel development in Indonesia.

The influence of government support, organizational innovativeness and community participation in renewable energy project success: A case of Pakistan

With increasing worldwide energy demand, many energy-related issues are growing, including global warming, energy sustainability, and environmental pollution. These challenges force nations to actively endorse renewable energy development policies. As a result, numerous renewable energy projects are executed around the globe, which are confronting various hurdles, causing failure for many of the current projects. This study, therefore, aims to suggest that community participation in planning and decision-making is an imperative mediator through which government support (GS) and organizational innovativeness (OI) can positively affect renewable project success. Data was collected through a survey from 650 respondents of the renewable energy projects in Pakistan, and hypotheses were proved by employing structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings show that GS and OI have a significant positive impact on the CP and project success. Moreover, CP was realized to partially mediates these relationships. It is expected that the findings present guidelines for the government authorities so that they endeavor and make better policies for involving the community as a mediator in project planning and decision making for renewable energy projects.

Evaluating Connectable Capacity of Distributed Wind Generation in Distribution Networks Through a Bayesian Integrated Optimization Method

The effective evaluation of the connectable capacity of renewable energy plays a vital role in the development of a sustainable distribution network. Quantifying the capacity while considering network security and the local renewable accommodation policy is a challenge. This article proposes a scenario-based bilevel mathematical model using a Bayesian integrated optimization method to evaluate and quantify the connectable capacity of distributed wind generation in distribution networks, which effectively integrates the characteristics of wind power and the local accommodation policy. The constraint on the generation curtailment ratio (CR) is innovatively designed to represent the renewable accommodation policy and integrated with network security constraints to coordinatively quantify the capacity. The model is solved by the Bayesian integrated optimization method. The regression-based algorithm greatly reduces the complexity of alternating iteration and improves the calculation efficiency. Practical cases are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results indicate that the method is more efficient than traditional optimization algorithms, and CR integration ensures that the connectable capacity fits local renewable energy development policies well.

The achievement, significance and future prospect of China's renewable energy initiative

China's high-speed economic growth and ambitious urbanization depend heavily on the massive consumption of fossil fuel. However, the over-dependence on the depleting fossil fuels causes severe environmental problems, making China the largest energy consumer and the biggest CO2 emitter in the world. Faced with significant challenges in terms of managing its environment and moving forward with the concept of sustainable economic development, the Chinese government plans to move away from fossil fuels and rely on renewables such as hydropower, wind power, solar power, biomass power and nuclear power. In this paper, the current status of China's renewable energy deployment and the ongoing development projects are summarized and discussed. Most recent developments of major renewable energy sources are clearly reviewed. Additionally, the renewable energy development policies including laws and regulations, economic encouragement, technical research and development are also summarized. This study showcases China's achievements in exploiting its abundant domestic renewable energy sources to meet the future energy demand and reducing carbon emissions. To move toward a low carbon society, technological progress and policy improvements are needed for improving grid access (wind), securing nuclear fuel supplies and managing safety protocols (nuclear), integrating supply chains to achieve indigenous manufacture of technologies across supply chains (solar). Beyond that, a preliminary prediction of the development of China's future renewable energy developments, and proposes targeted countermeasures and suggestions are proposed. The proposal involves developing smart-grid system, investing on renewable energy research, improving the feed-in tariff system and clarifying the subsidy system.

DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT

The paper deals with global trends in energy consumption and renewable energy generation. Worldwide practices in financing of renewable energy production are analysed according to the following dimensions: sources of financing, types of used policy instruments, types of recipients (public or private) and types of financed technologies. The key factors that influence the investment attractiveness of renewable energy sources in the world are presented. Main obstacles impeding the utilisation of potential of renewable energy generation in Ukraine are pointed out from the standpoint of the global development trends, as the experience of economically developed countries are advised to be used for Ukraine. Conditions for investment activity in this field should be created (involving both domestic and foreign investments), stimulating state policy should be implemented, and an energy management based on the international experience should be developed. The problems of renewable energy sources in Ukraine are described, in particular, the presence of investment risk in terms of its components as general economic, legal and financial. In the most developed countries in terms of RES consumption direct public investment is a small proportion of total renewable energy financing, whereas private investment has the major share. A significant obstacle to the possibility of realizing such experience in Ukraine is the presence of investment risk, mainly caused by unstable political conditions (both internal and external). Energy management and monitoring activities of enterprises of various forms of ownership and branch affiliation should be introduced along with the necessity of attracting investments in renewable energy. It is expected that the results presented in this article may be useful for improving the renewable energy development policy both at the country level and at the level of a particular economic entity.

Price optimization of hybrid power supply chain dominated by power grid

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of renewable energy on the power supply chain and to study whether the renewable generator or the power grid that purchases power from the power spot market is better when the actual generation of renewable energy is insufficient. The authors want to compare and analyze the different power supply chain operation modes and discuss the optimal mode selection for renewable energy generator and power grid in different situations. Design/methodology/approach This paper studies the grid-led price competition game in the power supply chain, in which the power grid as a leader decides the price of transmission and distribution, and generators determine the power grid price. The renewable energy power generator and the traditional energy power generator conduct a price competition game; on the other hand, the power grid and power generators conduct Stackelberg games. The authors analyze the power supply of single power generator and two power generators, respectively, and research on the situation that the renewable energy cannot be fully recharged when the actual power generation is insufficient. Findings The study finds that both renewable and traditional power grid prices decline as price sensitivity coefficient of demand and installed capacity of renewable energy generators increase. Power grid premium decreases as the price sensitivity coefficient of demand increases, but rises as the installed capacity of renewable energy generator increases. When there is a shortage of power, if the installed capacity of renewable energy is relatively small and price sensitivity coefficient of demand is relatively large, the grid purchases the power from power spot market and shares cost with renewable energy generators, leading to higher expected profits of the renewable energy generators. On the contrary, the renewable energy generators prefer to make up power shortage themselves. For the power grid, purchasing the power by the renewable energy generators when there is a power shortage can bring more utility to the power grid when the installed capacity of renewable energy is lower and the demand price sensitivity coefficient is higher. When the installed capacity of renewable energy is high and the price sensitivity coefficient of demand is moderate, or the installed capacity of renewable energy is moderate and the demand price sensitivity coefficient is high, a generator that simultaneously possesses two kinds of energy source will bring more utility to the power grid. If the installed capacity of renewable energy and the demand price sensitivity coefficient both are small or the installed capacity of renewable energy and the price sensitivity coefficient of demand both are large, the power grid prefers to purchase the power by itself when there is a power shortage. Practical implications The goal of our paper analysis is to explore the implications of the theoretical model and address the series of research questions regarding the impact of the renewable energy on the power supply chain. The results of this study have key implications for reality. This paper sheds light on the power supply chain operation mode selection, which can potentially be used for the renewable energy generators to choose their operating mode and can also help traditional energy generators and power grid enterprises maximize their utility. This paper also has some references for the government to formulate the corresponding renewable energy development policy. Originality/value This paper studies the power operation mode under the uncertainty of supply and demand, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy generator that makes up the shortage or the power grid purchases the power from power spot market then shares cost with the renewable energy generator. This paper analyzes the power grid-led coordination problem in a power supply chain, compares and analyzes the price competition game model of single power generator and dual power generators, and compares the different risk preferences of power grid.

Transition Towards High Share of Renewables in Ukraine: Linked Energy System and CGE Model Approach

The adoption of the Paris Climate Agreement has become a symbolic decision for the world community. It will have a significant impact on the development of world economy and energy as well as particular countries since it aims to keep the average temperature rise on the planet well below 2°С (compared to the pre-industrial levels). To make it happen it is necessary for the energy sector to become carbon neutral. Therefore, a so-called “energy transition” from the fossil to renewable types of energy resources based on the principles of sustainable development is needed. In the case of developing countries, this task can be even more complicated than in the advanced economies, as governments need to provide an additional catching-up economic growth and social equity improvements. In this context, an economic impact is the key criteria to prioritize environmental policies, as their implementation should primarily be aimed at the increase of energy efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction, but in an economically and socially acceptable way. In this paper, we explore the pathways for transition towards high share of renewables in Ukraine, which faces significant economic and environmental challenges. We use the soft-linkage of the energy system TIMES-Ukraine and Ukrainian computable general equilibrium models, which allows us to estimate an economy wide and environmental implications of Ukraine’s long-term transition towards 91% share of renewables in final energy consumption by 2050. As results show, further maintenance of the existing highly inefficient Ukrainian energy system is even more expensive than implementation of the renewable energy development policies. With initially low energy efficiency rates, long-term transition towards high share of renewables in Ukraine provides a good opportunity to explore “double dividends”, benefiting both the economy and the environment. According to our estimates, while GHG emissions reduce by 76% in 2050 relative to the 2012 level, GDP may increase up to 14-16% by 2050 in case of efficient policies implementation.

Critical success factors for renewable energy projects; empirical evidence from Pakistan

Abstract As the energy demands increasing globally, a lot of energy related challenges are evolving including global warming, energy sustainability and environmental pollution, which have forced countries to endorse renewable energy development policies proactively. As in result a lot of renewable energy projects are carried out around the world, which are facing numerous challenges and barriers, resulting in failure for many of recent projects. Although governments have launched several initiatives vis-a-vis renewable energy development in response, however such actions are limited to promote the renewable energy consumption, the implementation strategies for renewable energy projects and best practices are still overlooked. This study presents a systematical investigation on critical success factors (CSFs) affecting renewable energy projects. Through systematic process, a total of 41 significant success factors (SSFs) for renewable energy projects have been identified which are further extracted into 5 critical success factors (CSFs). In addition, CSFs have been prioritized through multiple linear regression analysis by SPSS 20, using the survey results of 272 firms working on renewable energy projects in Pakistan. Finally, a novel causal model is established to demonstrate the interaction mechanisms for ensuring success in renewable energy projects by the SSFs and CSFs. The results demonstrate that environmental factors are the predominant CSFs with highest correlation (0.592) which show the significant effect (33.8%) over project success. The findings not only help to understand the critical success factors for renewable energy projects in Pakistan, but also offer useful references for other countries that intend to promote renewable energy projects in the future.

Renewable Energy Sources in Romania: From a “Paradise” of Investors to a Possible Abandon or to Another Boom? The Impact of a New Paradigm in Romanian Renewable Sources Policy

The objective of our working paper is to analyzethe renewable energy development policy in Romania, in the larger European context, and to reveal its impact in recent years and in the prospects of policy changes. Renewable energy sources (RES) have a great potential in Romania, especially the wind and solar ones, so that investment projects can be developed to ensure a green energy production, for a sustainable development. Under the legislation enforced in 2005 and implemented in 2011, Romania was able to meet its target of covering 24% of its final energy consumption from renewable sources much in advance (2013) of the 2020 deadline. Romania became an investor's “paradise”, placed by the international consulting firm (Ernst & Young 2013)at No. 13 on a list of 40 nations ranked by their attractiveness for investment in renewables (February 2013)The paper asses the main determinants of the RES sector development in Romania and the outcomes of the generous policy implemented in the field as compared to other EU member states. Based on a comparative analysis, the study presents some scenarios regarding a possible change of paradigm .in Renewable Energy Sources policy in Romania and in other EU member states and assesses its consequences on the medium and long term investment on domestic markets

Développement des énergies renouvelables : les enjeux pour la biomasse et la contribution de la forêt

Cet article aborde dans un premier temps la politique française du développement des énergies renouvelables, particulièrement la place de la biomasse, et présente les mesures (appels d’offre de la commission de Régulation de l’Énergie et du fonds chaleur) visant à renforcer la demande pour la biomasse. L’article traite ensuite du développement de l’offre de bois dans le contexte de la forêt française et passe brièvement en revue les diverses mesures prises depuis le Grenelle de l’environnement (modalités de gestion forestière groupées, mesures fiscales…).

Renewable energy policy evaluation using real option model — The case of Taiwan

This study presents a policy benefit evaluation model that integrates cost efficiency curve information on renewable power generation technologies into real options analysis (ROA) methods. The proposed model evaluates quantitatively the policy value provided by developing renewable energy (RE) in the face of uncertain fossil fuel prices and RE policy-related factors. The economic intuition underlying the policy-making process is elucidated, while empirical analysis illustrates the option value embedded in the current development policy in Taiwan for wind power. In addition to revealing the benefits that RE development provides when considering real options, analytical results indicate that ROA is a highly effective means of quantifying how policy planning uncertainty including managerial flexibility influences RE development. In addition to assessing the policy value of current RE development policy, this study also compares policy values in terms of internalized external costs and varying feed-in tariff (FIT). Simulation results demonstrate that the RE development policy with internalized CO 2 emission costs is appropriate policy planning from sustainability point of view. Furthermore, relationship between varying FIT and policy values can be shown quantitatively and appropriate FIT level could be determined accordingly.