Contribution Of Renewable Energy Research Articles

From Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (NZEBs) to Zero-Emission Buildings (ZEBs): Current status and future perspectives

The building sector holds a relevant position in decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within the European Union (EU). The revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), recently adopted, sets forth ambitious goals to make the EU building stock carbon–neutral by 2050.Currently, the Nearly Zero-Energy Building (NZEB) standard remains mandatory for all new buildings from 2021 to 2030. This paper assesses the progress of Member States in implementing NZEB standards, based on extensive data collection and harmonization. The findings reveal that the NZEB concept is well-established and average energy performance has improved by about 10 % over the past four years. New NZEB have about 30 % lower energy demand than renovation to NZEB level. However, many countries still lag behind in meeting recommended benchmarks, particularly when looking at the non-renewable energy demand.Looking ahead, the 2024 revised EPBD sets Zero-Emission Building (ZEB) as the goal for all new buildings starting in 2030. The paper explores how ZEB requirements might evolve from current NZEB definitions. Projections suggest that future ZEBs, which are 10 % more ambitious than existing NZEB levels for total primary energy demand, would show better alignment with recommended benchmarks. However, the renewable energy contribution in NZEBs vary from 9 % to 55 %, and integrating enough renewables to meet the ZEB standard of zero on-site carbon emissions remains a challenge. In some countries, the high total primary energy demand can further complicate this goal. The conclusion highlights the need for stricter energy thresholds and further integration of renewables to achieve ZEB requirements.

Study on energy-saving design of renewable energy applied to high-rise residential buildings

ABSTRACT Improving building energy systems is a major research hotspot due to the rising demand for indoor comfort and buildings’ increasing energy consumption. The research object in this work is a high-rise residential building in Nanjing. The photovoltaic system and ground source heat pump system are introduced into the traditional cooling and heating source system for energy-saving design of the building. Based on OpenStudio software, two photovoltaic systems, household photovoltaic panels and centralized rooftop photovoltaic panels, are analyzed in terms of dynamic energy efficiency on a time-by-time and day-by-day basis. In addition, the ground source heat pump system is studied in comparison with conventional split air conditioning system. Meanwhile, the energy-saving performance of systems is analyzed during the cooling, heating and transition seasons. The results showed that both PV systems can afford a total of 39.5% of the electricity demand for lighting and equipment systems throughout the year. The total primary energy consumption per unit area of the optimized building model is 51.17 kWh/(m2·a), which is 35.2% lower than that of the original building model. In addition, the energy replacement rate of the photovoltaic system is 23.7% and the contribution of renewable energy from ground source heat pump is 38.76%, which meets the national standard for near-zero energy buildings.

Energy Efficiency and Economic Viability of Mechanized and Conventional Cotton Production Systems under Rainfed Vertisols of Tamil Nadu

Energy efficiency is crucial for optimizing energy use, conserving resources, and assessing the input efficiency of agronomic practices. Cotton is known for its economic importance, thus many mechanized cultivation practices have been introduced. This study aimed to evaluate energy consumption and perform an economic analysis of mechanized and conventional cotton production under rainfed conditions in Tamil Nadu. The energy requirements for mechanized and conventional cotton cultivation were 17,001.1 and 15,456.0 MJ ha-1, respectively, with fertilizer application as the most energy consuming component of cotton cultivation in both the methods. Manual cotton cultivation proved to be labor-intensive, requiring 2,215.6 MJ ha-1 of labor energy, compared to just 174.2 MJ ha-1 in mechanized cultivation. Mechanization reduced labor needs by utilizing machinery such as power tillers for weeding and spindle-type cotton pickers for harvesting. In mechanized and conventional cotton cultivation, the contribution of direct, indirect, renewable, and non-renewable energy was 26.7%, 73.3%, 1.0%, 99.0%, and 24.4%, 75.6%, 14.3%, 85.7%, respectively. While the energy ratio, net energy gain, and energy productivity were higher in conventional methods, and mechanized cultivation had a higher specific energy. The total production cost for mechanized cultivation was Rs. 74,290 ha-1, which is 47.8% lower than conventional cultivation (Rs. 140,440 ha-1). Adopting mechanized practices could save Rs. 93,250 ha-1 in labor costs compared to conventional methods. Although the gross income from the Suraksha variety was 10.7% higher with conventional methods, the net income and benefit-cost ratio were greater with mechanized cultivation due to its lower total production costs. The study suggests that efforts to enhance cotton production's energy efficiency should focus on efficient fertilizer use, labor management, and reducing diesel fuel consumption by improving machinery performance.

Forecasting the Contribution of Renewable Energy to the Indonesian Economy: A Vector Error Correction Model Approach

This study aims to evaluate the causal relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption, Non-Renewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth. This study uses quantitative methods and analyzes data using a Granger Causality Test, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Impulse Response Function (IRF), and Variance Decomposition (VDC). The study was conducted in Indonesia, with data ranging from 1993 to 2022 obtained from the World Bank database and Our World in Data. The results of the study based on the Granger test show that renewable energy has a significantly positive impact on economic growth in Indonesia. According to the VECM test, renewable energy consumption contributes to increasing economic growth as a result of construction and manufacturing sector activities in the development of renewable energy in Indonesia. The government should focus on energy availability, with an emphasis on increasing the production of renewable natural resources.

Scrutinizing the load capacity curve for a global perspective: The role of Fintech, government effectiveness and renewable energy

With the evolving world order, countries are using financial technologies (Fintech) to access financial resources more effectively, and Fintech can have an impact on the environment. This study aims to investigate the influence of Fintech on ecological sustainability, focusing on the contribution of renewable energy (RE) and government effectiveness (GE) under the Load Capacity Curve (LCC). This research analyzes data from 69 middle-income economies between 2006 and 2022 using the dynamic panel threshold model (DPTR). The outcomes document that GDP reduces the LCF below a certain threshold, but a positive impact above this threshold. Specifically, the model yielded a threshold value of $US 5222.234, which is higher than the average GDP of $US 4276.802. This finding suggests a U-shaped relationship between GDP and LCF, which supports the LCC hypothesis. The outcome also reports that Fintech plays a crucial role in improving ecological sustainability, while government effectiveness has a negative effect. The study emphasizes that middle-income countries should support Fintech and renewable energy along development with economic progress to improve ecological quality.

GAPS OF INDIAN ELECTRICAL ENERGY SECTOR AND ITS OPTIMAL MITIGATION BY USING OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF INDIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY WITH THE HELP OF THE P&O MPPT TECHNIQUE

Developing countries, especially, India, depend importantly on energy sources to perform their country’s industrial and economic activities. Mainly the two factors continuous population growth of the country and the rapid growth rate of industrialization of the country, the gap between electrical energy supply and demand for electrical energy is slowly and consistently increasing. To resolve this unevenness, there is a jointly planned attempt is required to enhance the contribution of renewable energy in the all over mix of energy. Despite these attempts, unexpected surges caused by the sector of domestic energy consumption could lead to important shortfalls between energy requirements at peak demand and available supply in India. As a solution to this challenge, the Union government of India has launched a new policy, named PM SURYA GHAR: MUFT BIJLI YOJANA, targeted to handle this crucial problem head-on. This initiative requires addressing the increasing energy demand by promoting the utilization of solar power in households throughout the length and breadth of the country. With the implementation techniques of Photo voltaic optimization, this analysis explores how such types of strategies can play a significant role in filling the gap between the energy supply-demand in the Indian context. Employing the solar energy potential and optimizing and utilization of solar energy, creates a path to not only meet the enhancing energy requirements but also creates the path for a more environmentally friendly and sustainable energy in India. By integration of innovative technologies and solutions of renewable energy holds the key to ensuring a balanced, sustainable, stable energy supply for the future of India and country’s growth and development.

Does Renewable Energy (RE) Contribute to Rural Livelihood? Evidence from Nepal

This study examines the contribution of renewable energy (RE) on rural livelihoods in Nepal using a mixed-methods approach with the consideration of socio-economic development and environmental sustainability. Data were gathered through household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions across various local levels in Nepal. The findings indicate that the adoption of RE technologies, particularly solar energy, has significantly improved agricultural productivity, income levels, and overall living standards. Solar-powered irrigation systems have enabled farmers to increase crop yields, enhancing food security and income diversification. The study highlights the essential role of community involvement and local governance in the successful implementation and sustainability of RE projects. Despite the initial high costs of RE technologies, the long-term benefits, including reduced energy costs and enhanced environmental sustainability, outweigh these challenges. The reduction in the use of traditional biomass fuels has led to improved air quality and health outcomes in rural households. This research highlights the potential of renewable energy to transform rural livelihoods in Nepal, advocating for continued support and investment in RE initiatives to ensure sustainable development in remote and underserved regions.

Examining the contribution of globalization, renewable energy, and economic growth towards CO2 emissions in the G‐7 countries

AbstractMost of the world's developed countries have negative consequences of unbalanced economic growth and environmental sustainability. The current study contributes to the literature by investigating the impacts of sub‐indices of globalization, renewable energy, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in G‐7 countries of United Kingdom, United States, Japan, Canada, France, Italy, and Germany. The article demonstrates the correlation between numerous variables in the G‐7 countries between 1990 and 2020, including GDP per capita growth, CO2 emissions, globalization, and renewable and non‐renewable energy. The Pooled Mean Group (PMG) technique performs significant tests for cross‐sectional dependence, panel unit root, co‐integration, and descriptive statistics. The study results show that environmental pollution rises with economic growth and falls in the presence of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy use, political globalization, and economic globalization lower environmental harm. From the finding, we indicate that we reduce the environmental pollution in the given countries by lowering or raising the factor affecting the country. A globe map was used in the current study to assign the G‐7 nations. Based on the findings, we addressed several policy initiatives.

On the industrial solar drying of tomatoes in Biskra : A preliminary study

The objective of this study is to carry out a pre-feasibility study of solar industrial drying as a preliminary step before investing in large-scale solar drying projects in Algeria. Our primary goal is to promote the use of industrial solar dryers and to incite public authorities and industrials to invest in this promising niche. This work aims to strengthen the contribution of renewable energies and particularly solar energy in the sustainable development of the agri-food sector. Indeed, using solar energy will reduce the energy consumption and decrease greenhouse gas emissions of drying process. The prefeasibility analysis is achieved using the RETScreen Suite. Our study aims to investigate energy consumption of an industrial solar dryer of tomatoes, located in the city of Biskra. Various parameters as solar collector type and drying air temperature were tested and discussed. The obtained results showed a reduction in energy consumption up to 35%. Likewise, the reduction of GHG emissions recorded very favorable rates. This study's findings provide a preliminary vision for investors in the agri-food sector to build their project so they may maximize their profit while supporting the environment by lowering carbon emissions.

Research on the contribution rate of photovoltaic power in indoor ice arenas across different climatic zones: A case study in China

With the increasing construction of ice arena facilities, addressing their energy consumption issues has become crucial, emphasizing the need for renewable energy utilization. This study aims to determine the contribution rate of photovoltaic (PV) power generation in indoor ice arenas across different climate zones in China and proposes corresponding PV application strategies. By modeling the vertical zoning above the ice arena, energy consumption in indoor ice arenas across six typical cities was simulated, calculating annual and monthly renewable energy contribution rates and proposing utilization strategies. The research reveals a growing proportion of cooling energy consumption due to climate warming, exceeding half of the total energy even in cold cities. Differences in energy consumption and renewable energy contribution rates among cities highlight the impact of local climate conditions. Favorable climates and abundant solar resources in some cities enable more energy-efficient ice arena construction, while high energy consumption and limited solar resources pose challenges in others. The study identifies seasonal variations in renewable energy contribution rates, emphasizing the need to optimize power generation seasonally. In colder cities, summer power generation is essential, while in hotter climates, winter power generation is more advantageous. This study provides insights for designing energy-efficient and sustainable ice arenas.

RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: A REVIEW IN THAILAND AND THE PHILIPPINES’ LAWS AND POLICIES

Background and Purpose: Renewable energy (RE) plays a significant role in providing sustainable and clean energy as well as mitigating climate change. With the increased energy demand to support the growth of the economic sector, Thailand and the Philippines have moved towards improved energy cooperation, where renewable energy is an important subject matter in line with Target 7 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Thailand and the Philippines have embarked on renewable energy projects and introduced numerous laws and policies to incentivise such an agenda. Nevertheless, the contribution of renewable energy in these countries' energy portfolios remains insignificant. Thus, this study aims to examine the current renewable energy laws and policies in Thailand and the Philippines, in assisting these countries to achieve the SDGs. Methodology: This study used a library-research methodology including statutory and conceptual approaches that focus on the laws and policies on renewable energy in Thailand and the Philippines. The utility of conceptual analysis is to understand the concepts and relevance of renewable energy and SDGs in the philosophies of environment, sustainability and law. Findings: Despite the fact RE provides opportunities in respect to socioeconomic development, energy access, energy security, and climate change mitigation, the existence of barriers to RE development leads to obstacles in accelerating RE’s share in the energy mix in Thailand and the Philippines. Comprehensive laws and policies to support renewable energy development are required to address these challenges. Nevertheless, legal frameworks are only one aspect that contributes to RE development. Governments' support through various incentives including financial and economic instruments are critical to navigating the transition toward a cleaner and affordable energy sector. Contributions: This study enhances the body of knowledge by examining the initiative for renewable energy development, advocating for comprehensive legal frameworks, and emphasizing the societal importance of government support to drive RE's role in sustainable development in Thailand and the Philippines. Keywords: Renewable energy, legal framework, policy, Thailand, Philippines. Cite as: Ghazali, F., Abdul Shukor, S. F., & Karim, R. (2024). Renewable energy development towards sustainable development goals: A review in Thailand and the Philippines’ laws and policies. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 9(2), 1-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol9iss2pp1-33

Capturing features of hourly-resolution energy models in an integrated assessment model: An application to the EU27 region

Hourly resolution is essential to realistically address the matching of supply and demand for fluctuating energy sources like solar and wind. This work introduces a novel method to model energy variability in an Integrated Assessment Model building upon a previous work, where regression analysis was utilized to extract hourly-level information from an energy system model. The enhancements include: (1) improved experimental design and more efficient computing, and (2) modelling the management of variability in an integrated assessment model by (i) incorporating a portfolio of flexibility options, and (ii) offering the ability to regulate system curtailment by limiting the expansion of renewables. The scenarios focus on the electricity sector, mirroring current EU27's policies that aim for higher renewable energy and electrification contributions by 2050. Without any variability control measures, significant curtailment (up to 60 %) is observed, the introduction of flexibility options reducing it to half (30 %). Controlling the capacity expansion of renewables is introduced to avoid this unrealistically high curtailment, allowing the model to achieve a penetration of renewables in electricity of 80 % and a 53 % reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 2015 levels in the electricity system. In conclusion, the methodology employed yields broadly consistent outcomes.

Modelling the contribution of green technologies, renewable energy, economic complexity, and human capital in environmental sustainability: Evidence from BRICS countries

Green technological developments and investments are often observed as effective tools for the sustainability of carbon counteraction since they progress energy efficiency and unsoiled productivity. To do this, the main objective of this study is to inspect the effect of green technologies, economic complexity, renewable energy consumption, and human capital on the ecological footprint in the case of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries over the span of 1990–2020. Accordingly, this study applied novel and unconventional panel methods that provide reliable and robust estimated findings under slope heterogeneity and cross-dependency issues. The estimated results from cross-sectional autoregressive distributive lag (CS-ARDL) presents that the influence of green technologies, human capital, and renewable energy significantly protects the environment. On the other hand, economic complexity damages the environment in the long run. Furthermore, the evidence confirms that the interactive role of renewable energy consumption is also beneficial to protect the environment. Besides, the interactive role of green technologies and renewable energy consumption significantly protect the environment in the BRICS region. From a policy perspective, this study advocates that it is crucial to accelerate green technological innovations in BRICS economies, including the regulatory policies encouraging an incessant upsurge in the share of green technologies, renewable energy consumption, and human capital into environmental technological progress.

STUDI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BAMBU DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA DALAM PEMBUATAN BIOBRIKET MENJADI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF

The use of fossil fuels has resulted in the emission of greenhouse gases which can trigger global warming. In addition, fossil energy reserves that continue to decrease also raise concerns regarding aspects of their reselience and sustainability. Therefore, new and renewble energy must be developed immediately. The use of biomass as an alternative fuel for Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is in line with Indonesia’s efforts towards net zero emission in the future. In addition to increasing the contribution of renewable energy to the national energy mix, cofiring will also have a positive impact on the development of the circular economy as it can open up employment and business opportunities in the biomass sector, especially those based on garbage and waste. This research aims to determine the value of moisture content, heating value, combustion rate, and electrical energy produced from bamboo twigs and coconut shell waste with different composition variation. The method used in this research is an experimental method in which a bomb calorimeter is used to determine the heating, and a biomass stove is used to determine the combustion rate. The research finding reveals that the best samples for utilizing bamboo and coconut shell waste in the production of bio-briquettes as an alternative energy source are the variety of 200 grams of shell charcoal and 10 grams sago adhesive (sample 9). It is the best sample due to it has moisture content value of 6.38%, heating value of 5663.9 cal/gram, combustion rate is 0.227 gram/minute, and the electrical energy generated by converting the heating value to kWh is 6.5857 kWh/gram. In reference to SNI 01-6235-2000, the moisture content should not be more than 8%, and the minimum heating value is 5000 cal/g.

Studies on the Experimental Measurement of the Low-Frequency Aerodynamic Noise of Large Wind Turbines

With the continuous warming of the global climate, expanding the use of renewable energy has become one of the main social responsibilities. However, as the number of installed wind turbines and their physical dimensions continue to increase, the issue of generated noise has become increasingly significant in influencing the acceptance and endorsement of wind power projects by neighboring communities. In this paper, we investigated the noise generated by two wind turbine units with rated powers of 1.5 MW and 4.5 MW and analyzed the variations in low-frequency noise during their operation and shutdown periods. This research shows that the power of a single unit has a significant impact on the low-frequency noise emitted into the environment. Compared with 1.5 MW wind turbines, 4.5 MW wind turbines generate more low-frequency noise when operating at the same wind speed. Further analysis of the narrowband frequency spectra and one-third octave spectra of the measured noise indicates that the low-frequency noise from the 4.5 MW wind turbine increases significantly in the range of approximately 80 Hz to 300 Hz, with more pronounced variations below 250 Hz corresponding to changes in wind speed. However, the overall variations in low-frequency noise with wind speed are not as notable as those observed for the 1.5 MW wind turbine. Due to the relatively weak attenuation of low-frequency noise in the atmosphere, the higher low-frequency content of large wind turbines may cause more distress to residents near wind farms. The result of this study emphasizes that in the planning and design of wind power projects, in addition to considering the efficiency of single-unit power generation and the contribution of renewable energy, it is also necessary to pay full attention to noise emission issues to ensure that the project is widely supported and accepted in the community.

Internalizing negative environmental externalities through environmental technologies: The contribution of renewable energy in OECD countries

Due to human achievements, global environmental threats are becoming more complex and interconnected, affecting people, ecosystems, and economies worldwide. Using remittances, economic growth, and trade openness as indicators, we examine the impact of environmental technology and renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions for OECD countries from 1994 to 2019. This study utilizes advanced econometric methodologies of the second generation to develop a comprehensive empirical analysis. We find that environmental technology, renewable energy, and remittances are statistically negatively related to CO2 emissions of selected OECD countries. On the other hand, economic growth and trade openness positively influence those emissions. These findings suggest that environmental technology, renewable energy, and remittances positively impact the environment. Conversely, economic growth and trade exposure deteriorate it. As a result of this empirical evidence, green energy should be generated, or endangered species should be monitored. The key to reducing air pollution is reducing our reliance on imported fuel and diversifying our energy supply. Moreover, integrating economic and sustainability goals produces concrete, measurable results across both pillars while considering the social consequences of greening economies. There is a discussion of limitations and future directions.

Quantifying the Climate Co-Benefits of Hybrid Renewable Power Generation in Indonesia: A Multi-Regional and Technological Assessment

Quantifying the co-benefits of renewable energy investments can aid policymakers in identifying technologies capable of generating significant social, economic, and environmental benefits to effectively offset mitigation costs. Although there has been a growing body of work evaluating co-benefits, few studies have compared the potential co-benefits of several technologies across different regions in key countries. This study fills this gap by formulating a new modeling structure to assess the environmental–health–economic co-benefits of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) in different parts of Indonesia. The proposed model is unique in that it incorporates various techno-economic activities to assess air quality, health, and economic benefits and then presents results as part of a cost–benefit analysis. From the intervention scenario, the modeling results show that installing 0.5 GW grid-connected solar PV, 100 MW of wind turbines, and a 100 MW biomass generator to cover a total of 1.64 million residential load units in the Bali province can avoid GHGs, PM2.5, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and provide health savings of 1.73 Mt/y, 289.02 t/y, 1648, and 6.16 million USD/y, respectively. In addition, it shows that the payback period is enhanced by one year, while the net present value is increased by 28%. In Jakarta, a 3 GW solar PV plant and a 100 MW biomass generator that supply 5.8 million residential load units can deliver 32,490 averted DALYs and 652.81 million USD/y of health care savings. Nationally, the contribution of renewable energy to the electricity supply mix could grow from the 2020 baseline of 18.85% to 26.93%, reducing dependence on oil and coal contribution by 5.32%.

Water-Cooling-Based Approach for PV System Performance Enhancement towards UAE Future Energy Efficiency Policies

United Arab Emirates (UAE) has implemented the UAE Energy Strategy 2050, targeting a 50% increase in renewable energy's contribution by 2050. Steps to achieve this strategy include accelerating efficient consumption of energy and focusing on research and development for sustainable energy solutions. This research aims to investigate the potential improvement in the performance of PV systems as a result of panel’s water-cooling under the UAE climatic conditions. In this work, a PV system consists of two identical 100-W PV panels and an automated water cooling arrangement was built. To assess the effectiveness of the cooling method used, one PV panel was subjected to water cooling, while the other remained uncooled in order to be taken as a benchmark. The experiments took place over a typical summer day during the period between 8:00 am and 5:00 pm. The proposed cooling strategy was repeatedly applied every half an hour to investigate the temperature reduction behavior at different times of the day. The experimental results demonstrated that the adopted water approach was able to achieve a temperature drop of up to 14.6 K. The corresponding power output was improved by up to 12% as a result of the PV panel cooling.

The effect of energy storage on the Residual Load Duration Curve (rLDC) of a system with high Renewable Energy contribution

This paper evaluates how energy storage acting in a system with a very high contribution from variable Renewable source can reduce peak loads. The methodology uses observed demand and renewable generation data to construct scenarios of increasing renewable contribution complemented by energy storage. The analysis is based on the concept of creating load duration curves for the period over which a set of storage technologies can act to reduce peak loads by storing energy during low loads. The models used here are developed on the premise that different types of storage are deployed for different purposes. For the scope of this work, three types were used. The first to manage loads within a day, the second acting over a period of a week, and the third at a much longer, seasonal scale

Proyect and current energy situation in the Basque Country

Due to the importance that energy occupies within society as a driver for competitiveness in industry, richness generation, and improvement of the technological development Ibrough new investments, the EU and its different Member States have created a legal ftamework aimed at controIling and reducing energy intensity, reducing the dependency from external countries and facilitating the introduction of indigenous energies for enhancing fmal energy supply. The Autonomous Region of the Basque Country is characterised for its enormous dependence on outsíde energy sources for the supply of a demand with high industrial penetration. Due to this, strategic energy plans have been developed since the 80's. These programmes try to guarantee energy supply in the best conditions of security, quality, economic cost and environmental impacto Several factors have been taken inlo account within these plans, as, for example:Social concems about environment conservation and social welfare,Studies of energy efficiency and savings,The contribution of renewable energies,The contribution of new combined ciele gas fired plants and also combined heat and power (CHP)