Contribution Of Renewable Energy Research Articles

Capturing features of hourly-resolution energy models in an integrated assessment model: An application to the EU27 region

Hourly resolution is essential to realistically address the matching of supply and demand for fluctuating energy sources like solar and wind. This work introduces a novel method to model energy variability in an Integrated Assessment Model building upon a previous work, where regression analysis was utilized to extract hourly-level information from an energy system model. The enhancements include: (1) improved experimental design and more efficient computing, and (2) modelling the management of variability in an integrated assessment model by (i) incorporating a portfolio of flexibility options, and (ii) offering the ability to regulate system curtailment by limiting the expansion of renewables. The scenarios focus on the electricity sector, mirroring current EU27's policies that aim for higher renewable energy and electrification contributions by 2050. Without any variability control measures, significant curtailment (up to 60 %) is observed, the introduction of flexibility options reducing it to half (30 %). Controlling the capacity expansion of renewables is introduced to avoid this unrealistically high curtailment, allowing the model to achieve a penetration of renewables in electricity of 80 % and a 53 % reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 2015 levels in the electricity system. In conclusion, the methodology employed yields broadly consistent outcomes.

Modelling the contribution of green technologies, renewable energy, economic complexity, and human capital in environmental sustainability: Evidence from BRICS countries

Green technological developments and investments are often observed as effective tools for the sustainability of carbon counteraction since they progress energy efficiency and unsoiled productivity. To do this, the main objective of this study is to inspect the effect of green technologies, economic complexity, renewable energy consumption, and human capital on the ecological footprint in the case of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries over the span of 1990–2020. Accordingly, this study applied novel and unconventional panel methods that provide reliable and robust estimated findings under slope heterogeneity and cross-dependency issues. The estimated results from cross-sectional autoregressive distributive lag (CS-ARDL) presents that the influence of green technologies, human capital, and renewable energy significantly protects the environment. On the other hand, economic complexity damages the environment in the long run. Furthermore, the evidence confirms that the interactive role of renewable energy consumption is also beneficial to protect the environment. Besides, the interactive role of green technologies and renewable energy consumption significantly protect the environment in the BRICS region. From a policy perspective, this study advocates that it is crucial to accelerate green technological innovations in BRICS economies, including the regulatory policies encouraging an incessant upsurge in the share of green technologies, renewable energy consumption, and human capital into environmental technological progress.

Studies on the Experimental Measurement of the Low-Frequency Aerodynamic Noise of Large Wind Turbines

With the continuous warming of the global climate, expanding the use of renewable energy has become one of the main social responsibilities. However, as the number of installed wind turbines and their physical dimensions continue to increase, the issue of generated noise has become increasingly significant in influencing the acceptance and endorsement of wind power projects by neighboring communities. In this paper, we investigated the noise generated by two wind turbine units with rated powers of 1.5 MW and 4.5 MW and analyzed the variations in low-frequency noise during their operation and shutdown periods. This research shows that the power of a single unit has a significant impact on the low-frequency noise emitted into the environment. Compared with 1.5 MW wind turbines, 4.5 MW wind turbines generate more low-frequency noise when operating at the same wind speed. Further analysis of the narrowband frequency spectra and one-third octave spectra of the measured noise indicates that the low-frequency noise from the 4.5 MW wind turbine increases significantly in the range of approximately 80 Hz to 300 Hz, with more pronounced variations below 250 Hz corresponding to changes in wind speed. However, the overall variations in low-frequency noise with wind speed are not as notable as those observed for the 1.5 MW wind turbine. Due to the relatively weak attenuation of low-frequency noise in the atmosphere, the higher low-frequency content of large wind turbines may cause more distress to residents near wind farms. The result of this study emphasizes that in the planning and design of wind power projects, in addition to considering the efficiency of single-unit power generation and the contribution of renewable energy, it is also necessary to pay full attention to noise emission issues to ensure that the project is widely supported and accepted in the community.

Internalizing negative environmental externalities through environmental technologies: The contribution of renewable energy in OECD countries

Due to human achievements, global environmental threats are becoming more complex and interconnected, affecting people, ecosystems, and economies worldwide. Using remittances, economic growth, and trade openness as indicators, we examine the impact of environmental technology and renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions for OECD countries from 1994 to 2019. This study utilizes advanced econometric methodologies of the second generation to develop a comprehensive empirical analysis. We find that environmental technology, renewable energy, and remittances are statistically negatively related to CO2 emissions of selected OECD countries. On the other hand, economic growth and trade openness positively influence those emissions. These findings suggest that environmental technology, renewable energy, and remittances positively impact the environment. Conversely, economic growth and trade exposure deteriorate it. As a result of this empirical evidence, green energy should be generated, or endangered species should be monitored. The key to reducing air pollution is reducing our reliance on imported fuel and diversifying our energy supply. Moreover, integrating economic and sustainability goals produces concrete, measurable results across both pillars while considering the social consequences of greening economies. There is a discussion of limitations and future directions.

Quantifying the Climate Co-Benefits of Hybrid Renewable Power Generation in Indonesia: A Multi-Regional and Technological Assessment

Quantifying the co-benefits of renewable energy investments can aid policymakers in identifying technologies capable of generating significant social, economic, and environmental benefits to effectively offset mitigation costs. Although there has been a growing body of work evaluating co-benefits, few studies have compared the potential co-benefits of several technologies across different regions in key countries. This study fills this gap by formulating a new modeling structure to assess the environmental–health–economic co-benefits of hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) in different parts of Indonesia. The proposed model is unique in that it incorporates various techno-economic activities to assess air quality, health, and economic benefits and then presents results as part of a cost–benefit analysis. From the intervention scenario, the modeling results show that installing 0.5 GW grid-connected solar PV, 100 MW of wind turbines, and a 100 MW biomass generator to cover a total of 1.64 million residential load units in the Bali province can avoid GHGs, PM2.5, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and provide health savings of 1.73 Mt/y, 289.02 t/y, 1648, and 6.16 million USD/y, respectively. In addition, it shows that the payback period is enhanced by one year, while the net present value is increased by 28%. In Jakarta, a 3 GW solar PV plant and a 100 MW biomass generator that supply 5.8 million residential load units can deliver 32,490 averted DALYs and 652.81 million USD/y of health care savings. Nationally, the contribution of renewable energy to the electricity supply mix could grow from the 2020 baseline of 18.85% to 26.93%, reducing dependence on oil and coal contribution by 5.32%.

Water-Cooling-Based Approach for PV System Performance Enhancement towards UAE Future Energy Efficiency Policies

United Arab Emirates (UAE) has implemented the UAE Energy Strategy 2050, targeting a 50% increase in renewable energy's contribution by 2050. Steps to achieve this strategy include accelerating efficient consumption of energy and focusing on research and development for sustainable energy solutions. This research aims to investigate the potential improvement in the performance of PV systems as a result of panel’s water-cooling under the UAE climatic conditions. In this work, a PV system consists of two identical 100-W PV panels and an automated water cooling arrangement was built. To assess the effectiveness of the cooling method used, one PV panel was subjected to water cooling, while the other remained uncooled in order to be taken as a benchmark. The experiments took place over a typical summer day during the period between 8:00 am and 5:00 pm. The proposed cooling strategy was repeatedly applied every half an hour to investigate the temperature reduction behavior at different times of the day. The experimental results demonstrated that the adopted water approach was able to achieve a temperature drop of up to 14.6 K. The corresponding power output was improved by up to 12% as a result of the PV panel cooling.

A data center expansion scheme considering net-zero carbon operation: Optimization of geographical location, on-site renewable utilization and green certificate purchase

Recently, more and more global attention has been paid to data centers’ energy consumption and climate impact. Serving as the backbone of the digital world, the energy and carbon-intensive data centers have to find a green expansion way to fulfill their obligations in building a carbon-neutral society. Therefore, this paper proposes a net-zero carbon operation oriented data center expansion scheme for the central government to formulate incentive policies. The economic expansion model minimizes newly established data centers’ investment and electricity consumption costs. Geographical location, on-site renewable utilization, and green certificate purchase are integrated and considered to achieve net-zero carbon operation by reducing total electricity consumption, increasing green power consumption, and offsetting inevitable carbon emissions. A case study in China is conducted, and results under different geographical location scenarios, power supply mix scenarios, and green certificates market scenarios are analyzed and compared. It is found that the zero-carbon operation of new data centers mainly relies on clean main-grid power, but a more decentralized layout and a provincial green certificate market can increase the contribution of on-site renewable energy. Lastly, four detailed policy implications for stimulating China’s data center expansion are discussed.

Readiness of Zero-Emission Buildings (ZEBs) implementation in the European Union

The building sector plays a central role in the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the European Union (EU). The revision of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) sets out ambitious requirements to make the EU building stock decarbonised by 2050. The proposal for a recast EPBD introduces Zero-Emission Building (ZEB) as the building target for all new buildings as of 2030. This paper offers insights into the concept of ZEB, analysing its key methodological aspects, with a focus on ambition, the role of energy efficiency, and the role of renewable energy. Additionally, the paper evaluates the performance levels of new buildings in EU Member States, highlighting the gaps between current Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings’ performance levels and potential ZEB performance levels, specifically in terms of primary energy demand and renewable energy contribution. The findings emphasise the necessity to enhance initiatives aimed at improving energy efficiency and harnessing renewable energy sources to adopt the ambitious ZEB concept as of 2030. Additionally, the paper highlights the importance of addressing GHG emissions comprehensively, extending beyond the operational phase of a building to include embodied impacts, in order to achieve a life-cycle zero-emission building stock.

Stakeholder mapping in sustainable renewable energy development in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia

This study investigates the players involved in developing renewable energy in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, considering the insufficient contribution of renewable energy in 2021, which stood at 11.5% in contrast to the government’s set objectives of 23% by 2025 and 31% by 2050. The research methodology encompasses primary data gathering methods, namely interviews conducted with stakeholders who have been selected using the Delphi Stakeholders process. Additionally, secondary data will be incorporated into the study. The findings revealed a disparity in the influence and significance of stakeholders, wherein four primary stakeholders, namely the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, West Sumatra Provincial Energy and Mineral Resources Agency, PLN, and Pertamina, exhibited substantial influence and high levels of importance. Conversely, most other stakeholders demonstrated relatively low levels of importance. In summary, it is imperative to enhance involvement, transparency, and collaboration to effectively tackle these disparities and foster the advancement of sustainable renewable energy initiatives within the area.

Blockchain-enabled renewable energy certificate trading: A secure and privacy-preserving approach

In the 21st century, transitioning to renewable energy sources is imperative, with fossil fuel reserves depleting rapidly and recognizing critical environmental issues such as climate change, air pollution, water pollution, and habitat destruction. Embracing renewable energy is not only an environmental necessity but also a strategic move with multiple benefits. By shifting to renewable energy sources and supporting their production through the acquisition of renewable energy certificates, we foster innovation and drive economic growth in the renewable energy sector. This, in turn, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, aligning with global efforts to mitigate climate change. Additionally, renewable energy certificates ensure compliance with regulations that mandate the use of renewable energy, enhancing legal adherence while promoting transparency and trust in energy sourcing. To monitor the uptake of renewable energy, governments have implemented Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) as a tracking mechanism for the production and consumption of renewable energy. They certify the generation of a specific amount of electricity from renewable sources, allowing for accurate tracking of renewable energy contributions to the overall energy mix. However, there are two main challenges to the existing REC schema: (1) The RECs have not been globally adopted due to inconsistent design; (2) The consumer privacy has not been well incorporated in the design of blockchain. In this study, we investigate the trading of RECs between suppliers and consumers using the directed acyclic graph (DAG) blockchain system and introduce a trading schema to help protect consumer information. The DAG system reduces the intense calculation of typical blockchains for scalability and lowers mining fees by eliminating the mining of blocks. The proposed approach allows renewable energy suppliers and consumers to trade RECs globally and to take advantage of secure trading transactions. Our results demonstrate lower transaction time by 41% and energy consumption by 65% compared to proof-of-stake.

Assessment of carbon dioxide emission factors from power generation in Burkina Faso

Power generation is the second largest source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), in Burkina Faso's energy sector. When preparing the National Communications on Climate Change, Burkina Faso uses the default emission factors of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to estimate emissions from power generation. This study presents an assessment of CO2 emission factors from power generation for 2018 in Burkina Faso and an assessment of the contribution of renewable energy to the reduction of CO2 emissions. The national electricity company of Burkina Faso was chosen as the scope for this study. The estimation of emission factors for combustion is based on an analysis of fuels which are characterised in terms of molecular composition, density and water content. For CO2, the emission factor is 76 903 kg/TJ for the combustion of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) and 73 525 kg/TJ for that of Distillate Diesel Oil (DDO). Using these emission factors, the CO2 emissions attributable to power generation in 2018 were estimated at almost 580 Gg. The CO2 emission factor for thermal power generation was estimated at 0.663 kg/kWh and that of the electricity generation mix at 0.569 kg/kWh. Finally, the use of 14.25% renewable energy in electricity generation avoided 16.7% of CO2 emissions in 2018. The emission factor of electricity production decreases with the increase in the share of renewable energy in the energy mix.

Simulation-based post-fault analysis in WECS using DFIG systems under an unbalanced fault scenario

Fault analysis in an integrated Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) is the highest priority factor to be taken into account for distributed generation (DG). The contribution of renewable energies (like solar and wind) to the power system is increasing continuously. New challenges are being faced while integrating such systems because of the no inertial response provided by renewable resources. So, for a reliable integration further exploration, development, and even new strategies are needed to improve the reliability, power quality, control and protection of renewable energy generation. Disintegration in distributed generation is still a huge question mark on the reliability of modern power systems. Disintegration has many causes and faults are one of them, that cause severe voltage profile distortions, which makes WECS a complex system in terms of control and protection of power system. In this work, focus has been paid to the analysis of asymmetrical faults in wind farms and their impacts are evaluated on the overall generation system. A 30 MW wind power plant has been developed in MATLAB to study the faults. Since wind farms are Low Voltage (LV) networks, therefore, fault impedance method (IEC 60909) and the Fort-cue Method have been used for the fault analysis. The fault current response and behaviour of the DG system under asymmetrical fault conditions at different locations in and around the wind farm have been obtained. It is found that fault loop impendence, transformer grounding type, and fault location largely affect the dynamic behaviour of the co-generation system under asymmetrical faults. In this work dynamic behaviour of the wind generation system has been analysed for the different asymmetrical faults induced at different locations of the system. The response of the wind generator has been evaluated based on the different fault simulations considering the sequence component method.

Effect of renewable energy on economic growth in sub‐Saharan Africa: Role of institutional quality

AbstractThe development of renewable energy is considered as an important step toward sustainable development. In sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, institutional quality can play an essential role in encouraging investment and implementation of policies favoring renewable energy. This paper examines the role of institutional quality in the effect of renewable energy on economic growth across 25 SSA countries from 2002 to 2018. The results from the dynamic panel threshold model reveal a significant threshold effect of institutional quality on the contribution of renewable energy to economic growth. While renewable energy consumption positively contributes to economic growth, its impact is notably amplified when the institutional quality index, set at 0.304, is above the threshold. Our findings remain robust when altering institutional quality indicators. In terms of economic implications, improving overall institutional quality by promoting good political, economic, and institutional governance could significantly increase the contribution of renewable energies to economic growth in SSA countries.

Techno-economic Analysis and Optimization of Renewable Energy Forecasting at Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani

The availability of electrical energy ensures operational sustainability in everyday life, including the educational environment. The possibility of easier renewable energy installation encourages the goal of growing the installation to be affordable. Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani is one of the campuses that has the capacity to use renewable energy and has a role in environmental awareness in accordance with the university's future vision. In light of this, a hybrid photovoltaic (PV), diesel, and battery plant design is presented as an alternative power plant to supplement conventional energy sources. However, it is critical to examine the long-term capital and profit estimations that must be considered. The hybrid plant is proposed in two configurations, grid-connected and off-grid. In this paper, modeling and simulation are performed using Net Present Cost (NPC) prices from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) rooftop PV installation planning guidelines and inflation estimations from the Republic of Indonesia's Ministry of Finance. Furthermore, until the contribution of energy generated in the simulation is displayed, the production and consumption of electrical energy required for the selected building instances are generated. Hybrid plant modeling has been completed at Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani’s Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology (FHST) and Rectorate buildings. According to the simulation results, the NPC cost for the next 25 years is anticipated to be Rp 1,047,534,000, with a total electrical energy production of 729,807 kWh/year and a renewable energy contribution >91.4%. Furthermore, from a technological and economic standpoint, a grid-connected hybrid generation system is advocated

Renewable energy transition to sustainable tourism: extrapolating from core density and non-parametric approaches.

The globe has faced severe challenges recently, and environmental deterioration has become more prominent. Therefore, the world has taken several initiatives to deal with environmental issues while the problem remains intact. Interestingly, the OECD economies are the leading example to understand the accurate picture of sustainability across the near regions. This study makes an effort to introduce the core factors such as economic development, renewable energy, tourism, natural resources, and innovations in OECD economies over the period of 2000-2021. Similarly, to investigate the study's objectives, this study employs the quantile autoregressive distributed lag model (Q-ARDL). The analyzed results show the significant contribution of renewable energy, tourism, and natural resources to environmental sustainability. In contrast, income and innovations contribute to ecological deterioration. Moreover, the quantile causality is being used by this empirical study to investigate the causal association among studied variables. However, using green energy in sustainable tourism is highly recommended for specified economies. In order to deal with environmental pressure, this research proposes green implications to attain the desired sustainability level.

Evaluation of Photovoltaic Penetration on System Grid with Minimum Loading Approach

The Indonesian government has also set a target to increase the contribution of renewable energy in the national energy mix to 23% by 2025 and 31% by 2050. In this paper, an analysis of Maximum PV Capacity was used on the transmission network with a minimum loading approach using the Power Factory15.1 simulation. From the simulation that has been done, it can be seen that the placement of two PV location points gets better results than the placement of one PV location point. This can be seen that the feeder load for PV location point of 74.3%, while for two PV location points of 35.8% which value is still within safe limits, but for two PV location points get better results. PV trip state frequency values obtained for single location point and two PV location points get a result of 2% of 50 Hz which is still within safe limits.

NUCLEAR FUSION. CURRENT SITUATION AND MAIN CHALLENGES IT FACES

Nuclear fusion energy emerges as one of the main alternatives in the medium and long term, capable of complementing the variable contribution of renewable energies. This paper will discuss its status and the main challenges it faces for its development, as well as the main elements and alternatives that will make up future fusion reactors. The international ITER project is critical to verify the integrity of all this technology. It sets out a series of milestones that will represent an intermediate step towards becoming a major contribution to the energy system, demonstrating the technological feasibility of each of its components. Key words: nuclear fusion, energy, reactor, ITER

PERANCANGAN RUMAH TINGGAL MENGGUNAKAN KONSEP HEMAT ENERGI

Indonesia, with a population of 275,773.8 million people, faces challenges in providing adequate housing. Electricity demand will reach 1,172 kWh per capita in 2022, dominated by fossil energy. The National Energy Council (DEN) seeks to increase the contribution of new renewable energy (EBT) to 25.9% by 2025. Sulawesi Island has various traditional houses, such as Tambii, Tongkonan, Walewangko, Mandar, and Dulohupa. Gorontalo City as the capital of Gorontalo Province has solar energy potential that has not been utilized optimally, especially in residential homes, due to the high price of solar panels. Gorontalo, with its hot climate, can utilize solar energy through solar panels to reduce dependence on conventional electricity. Awareness of energy sustainability and public education regarding renewable energy technology, especially solar panels, are very necessary to create efficient and environmentally friendly homes in line with the objectives of the National Energy Policy.

Investigating the impulse responses of renewable energy in the context of China: A Bayesian VAR Approach

This study applies a Bayesian Vector Auto Regression (VAR) technique to investigate the impulse responses (IR) of renewable energy (RE) on different macroeconomic variables, i.e., green finance (GF), investment in energy with private participation (IEPP), gross domestic product growth rate (GDPG), and foreign direct investment (FDI), in the context of China by using data from the years 2001–2020. Data normality and stationarity are validated before checking the VAR stability condition. The IR function captures the direct and reverse responses of RE with the shift of stipulated variables. Subsequently, it reveals the causal relationship between RE and the considered variables. The results are: (i) RE and GF are strongly endogenous, whereas IEPP and GDPG are weakly endogenous, and FDI is least endogenous; (ii) the response of RE is positive to GF and negative to FDI, IEPP, and GDPG. The reverse responses are quite similar except for IEPP, and (ⅲ) shocks from GF, GDPG, and FDI lead to more variability in RE than RE itself. Ultimately, it indicates RE's share in total energy output increases with the boost of GF and decreases with the amplification of FDI, IEPP, and GDPG. Inversely, RE's contribution boosts with the short-term increase in IEPP.

Renewable Energy Contribution Based on Microgrid Using Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine Scenario

Indonesia's renewable energy mix offers an alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Indonesia has made a significant commitment to the role of exploiting this new energy in accordance with the Paris Agreement. This paper proposes the design of a microgrid architecture for a solar and wind hybrid power plant with grid-connected configuration and micro-scale power plant modeling in Ciheras Village, Cipatujah District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java. This architecture is divided into three scenarios in order to determine the best design qualities. The first scenario involves 50% photovoltaic (PV) and 50% wind turbine (WT), the second 60% PV and 40% WT, and the third 70% PV and 30% WT. The findings of the grid-connected microgrid were compared using supporting software, HOMER Pro. The various scenarios yielded performance analysis and renewable energy contribution. Modeling, calculation, simulation, and analysis demonstrate that the first scenario's potential energy output produces 25,655 kWh/year with an 88.2% Renewable Fraction (RF). The second scenario generates 26,194 kWh of energy per year, with a renewable fraction of 87.8%. The third scenario is the best based on the participation and role of distributed energy (PV-WT), with a higher amount of energy output of 30,691 kWh/year and a higher renewable proportion of 89%.