Renewable Energy Based Hybrid System Research Articles

Techno-Economic Performance and Sensitivity Analysis of an Off-Grid Renewable Energy-Based Hybrid System: A Case Study of Kuakata, Bangladesh

Hybrid renewable energy sources (HRES) are increasingly being utilized to meet global energy demands, particularly in rural areas that rely on diesel generators and are disconnected from the utility grid, due to their environmental and human health benefits. This study investigates the performance of an off-grid, hybrid PV/diesel generator/battery system for a decentralized power plant in Kuakata, Bangladesh, meeting a load demand of 3000 kWh/day with a 501.61 kW peak load demand. HOMER Pro (hybrid optimization model for electric renewable) software (version 3.11) was used to simulate and optimize system operations utilizing real-time solar radiation and load profile data from that location. This study also includes a sensitivity analysis of the off-grid HRES system under different electrical load demands, project longevity, and derating variables. The results reveal that CO2 emissions have potentially decreased by more than 30% and over 10 tons per year, respectively, when compared to traditional power plants. The optimized system’s net present cost (NPC) was determined to be around USD 5.19 million, with a cost of energy (COE) of USD 0.367 per kWh per unit with a 100% renewable component. Furthermore, the current study’s findings are compared to previous research that has resulted in an economical hybrid renewable energy system with an affordable COE. The hybrid energy system under consideration might also be applicable to other parts of the world with comparable climate conditions.

Development and assessment of a newly developed renewable energy-based hybrid system with liquid hydrogen storage for sustainable development

One of the most effective ways to address the environmental issues triggered by fossil fuels is through the use of renewable energy. In this study, clean and sustainable power and hydrogen generation with three renewable energy sources, a wind-solar-geothermal assisted hybrid plant is planned, investigated, and analyzed. An exhaustive thermodynamic performance analysis is executed to specify the system efficiency by the way energy and exergy efficiency methods. Moreover, this developed cycle comprises a solar photovoltaic (PV) unit, a triple flash geothermal power plant, wind turbines for power generation, and a hydrogen generation and liquefaction unit. Additionally, a case study for Isparta is conducted using actual data on wind speed and solar radiation. A parametric analysis, on the other hand, is conducted to figure out the consequences of the examined cycle's performance. In light of the examination outcomes, the developed plant's power rate is figured as 9942 kW. The hydrogen generation rate and sustainability index are also figured out as 0.02143 kg/s and 2.003, respectively. Finally, the proposed hybrid cycle encloses an energetic and exergetic performance of 32.755 % and 50.06 %, respectively.

Feasibility and Techno-Economic analysis of Renewable Energy based Hybrid System for rural community of India

On account of ever-increasing electricity demand and the growing awareness of the importance of addressing environmental concerns, renewable energy sources have come to play an increasingly important role in the generation of electricity. These sources offer numerous benefits, including the fact that they are environmentally friendly, readily available, inexpensive, and abundant. India has vast potential for these RES, even though many rural areas can still not get reliable and quality power supplies. To fulfil the above target, there is an urgent need to harness RES to a large extent for electric power generation. As these RES provide fluctuating power during the day, it is essential to provide a feasible solution with constant power generation using the available energy resources. The feasibility analysis of hybrid systems based on RES is carried out using the HOMER Pro software for the selected rural site in Uttar Pradesh, India. The locally available RES were used in this study to develop hybrid power generation systems. A feasible hybrid system is selected for Gramin health care and school buildings, at the proposed site. The results obtained from the optimal system were compared with those of the other hybrid models and found to be more accurate.

Optimal design of renewable energy based hybrid system considering weather forecasting using machine learning techniques

Optimal design of renewable energy based hybrid system considering weather forecasting using machine learning techniques

A review of renewable energy based power supply options for telecom towers.

Telecom services play a vital role in the socio-economic development of a country. The number of people using these services is growing rapidly with further enhance growth expected in future. Consequently, the number of telecom towers that are critical for providing such services has also increased correspondingly. Such an increase in the number of telecom towers in a country implies a corresponding increase in the electricity demand of the country. Moreover, in view of growing concerns about climate change, it is necessary that the decarbonization of telecom towers is prioritized so as to minimize their carbon footprint. In view of the above, the primary objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of various renewable energy-based systems and the advantages they offer for powering telecom towers, based on a review of the existing literature and fieldinstallations. Telecom towers are powered by hybrid energy systems that incorporate renewable energy technologies such as solar photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, fuel cells, and microturbines. Utilizing these systems helps to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and consequently mitigates the anthropogenic carbon emissions. Moreover, information related to growth of the telecom industry, telecom tower configurations and power supply needs, conventional power supply options, and hybrid system combinations and their benefits. Several field installations of renewable energy-based hybrid systems have also been summarized. This review can help to evaluate appropriate low-carbon technologies and also to develop policy instruments to promote renewable energy-based telecom tower power systems.

Optimizing the thermal performance of solar energy devices using meta-heuristic algorithms: A critical review

Since solar energy is intermittent, finding the best solutions for solar operated devices is a challenge. Multiple techniques exist to reach the best solutions for optimal solar operated devices. A thorough review of solar energy systems' optimization methods and tools is presented in this work. The intelligent optimization techniques for solar energy systems are discussed, including their functions, constraints, contributions, mathematical models, and analysis methods. Optimization studies using new and traditional generation techniques are analyzed, and a few optimization methods, including combined hybrid algorithms, are presented. New generation artificial intelligence algorithms have been most widely used during the last decade, needing less computational time. They have good convergence and better accuracy than traditional optimization methods. They can scan local and global optima and do robust calculations. Solar system optimization has demonstrated remarkable benefits in size, load demand, and electricity output. The improvements reduce operating expenditures, power losses, and peak output integration and controllability. With a 50% rise in power prices, the optimal number of solar collectors rises by approximately 25%. However, with adjustment as per optimization techniques, the solar absorption cooling system's maximum thermal efficiency can be increased up to 75%. The present study recommends using two or more algorithms to overcome the curbs of a single algorithm. The main aim of the optimization strategies, according to this assessment, is to reduce capital expenditures, operation and maintenance expenses, and emissions while improving system reliability. The paper also briefly describes several solar energy optimization challenges and issues. Lastly, some practical future approaches for establishing a reliable and efficient solar power system are proposed for developing the complex renewable energy-based hybrid system.

A systematic literature review on hybrid energy system

Generation of energy has to increase due to society's demand escalation. However, generation from conventional sources is one of the major reasons for greenhouse gas emission, which is a key reason for global warming and climate change issues. To mitigate the emission of greenhouse gas and to protect the environment from pollution, renewable energy sources (RESs) are the one and only effective solution till date. To reduce the fluctuation of RESs on energy generation, a RES-based hybrid system is an innocuous solution. Here, a brief discussion of hybrid systems and their opportunities are presented and reviewed the role of the different combinations of renewable energy-based hybrid systems to reduce environmental pollution, generation costs, improve efficiency, and achieve a continuous power output of the system. A discussion is made on the importance of the site selection and the importance of different kinds of storage systems for energy generation. Result of article gives a brief idea regarding different factors to design future hybrid energy system (HES).

Optimal Configuration and Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic/PEM Fuel Cell Power System

In this study, a renewable energy-based hybrid system was designed capable of meeting known electrical load requirements, as the system includes a combination of photovoltaic cells (PV), a fuel cell, batteries, an electrolyzer, and a hydrogen tank. This hybrid system supplies the cell tower located in the village of Ouanougha, country of Algeria with the annual electrical energy demand of 47 kWh/day. A Hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) simulation software is utilized for modeling, optimize sizing, simulation as well as performing the techno-economic analysis of this hybrid system. HOMER software gives several optimum system configurations, which are compared among themselves for identifying the optimum system configuration. The comparison is based on the total net present cost (TNPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Other cost parameters can be provided such as initial capital cost, operation, and maintenance cost (O&M). The simulation result shows that, the proposed hybrid system has the lowest TNPC, LCOE and Initial capital, which are 64,384 $, 0.259 \$/kWh and 35,850 \$, respectively. On the other hand, it proved that the hybrid system is environmentally friendly and without producing any polluting gas. This paper also focuses on the operational strategy for feeding the load, as the results show that the hybrid system generally fulfills the requirements of the load.

Sustainable Energy Management and Control for Variable Load Conditions Using Improved Mayfly Optimization

In recent trends, renewable energies are infinite, safe, and are becoming a reliable source for electricity requirements. However, they have certain variations in their results because of climate change, which is its major issue. To solve this challenge, a hybrid renewable energy system was created by combining various energy sources. Energy management strategies must be employed to determine the best possible performance of renewable energy-based hybrid systems, as well as to fulfil demand and improve system efficiency. This work describes an Energy Management System (EMS) for a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) called Improved Mayfly Optimization-based Modified Perturb and Observe (IMO-MP&O). The developed EMS is based on basic conceptual constraints and has the goal of meeting the energy demand of connected load, ensuring energy flow stabilization, and optimizing battery utilization. In addition, the suggested IMO-MP&O can identify the condition and operating state of every HRES sub-system and assure the network stability of frequency and voltage changes. Numerical simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink environment were used to evaluate the proposed EMS. The simulated results show that the proposed IMO-MP&O achieves the harmonic error of 0.77%, which is less than the existing Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based Z-Source Converter methods.

Impact of solar tracker and energy storage system on sizing of hybrid energy systems: A comparison between diesel/PV/PHS and diesel/PV/FC

Design of renewable energy-based hybrid systems has become a challenging task especially for electrification to off-grid regions. In the design problem, it is important to economically investigate utilization of energy storage systems (ESSs) and solar tracker. This paper focuses on optimal size of hybrid energy systems which make use of different types of tracking systems. For this aim, two hybrid energy systems, diesel generator/photovoltaic/pumped hydro storage (diesel/PV/PHS) and diesel generator/photovoltaic/fuel cell (diesel/PV/FC), have been designed with respect to different tracking systems (fixed, single-axis and double axis). In order to find optimum design of the hybrid systems, two important objectives, total net present cost (TNPC) and reliability index expressed by loss of power supply probability (LPSP) are minimized in a multi-objective framework. With respect to complexity of this optimization problem, a multi-objective efficient approach is used to solve the problem. Simulation results show that compared to FC when PHS is employed as energy storage system, TNPC of the hybrid system decreases. Moreover, using a solar tracker in diesel/PV/PHS is not cost-effective in comparison with fixed PV panels.

Design of a voting based smart energy management system of the renewable energy based hybrid energy system for a small community

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the conventional power plant, the role of renewable energy-based hybrid systems is essential. These hybrid systems require a proficient energy management system for efficiently managing the energy from different energy sources to maintain the load-supply power balance. This is vital to save energy, diminish energy costs and attain global emission targets. This paper proposes the design of a voting based smart energy management system (VSEMS) of a grid-connected solar-wind-biomass based hybrid energy system. VSEMS utilizes a novel rule-based energy management algorithm (EMA) for taking its decisions. The proposed approach increases customer participation in the decision-making related to their energy supply and also control the intermittency of renewable energy sources efficiently. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm in the real-world environment is validated by doing a case study analysis using yearly usage profile. Results demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in energy management operation. Additionally, results show that the proposed system is economical and quite nature-friendly.

Optimization and Techno-Economic Analysis of PV-Wind Power Systems for Rural Location in India.

One downside to Green Energy is that it cannot be estimated. Therefore, determining the optimum planning and perfect working strategies for the resources to be included in the hybrid system is very important. HOMER software has been used in this research paper to solve the case study of the hybrid renewable energy system. Due to its extensive analytical capabilities and advanced prediction capabilities based on the sensitivity of variables, HOMER is one of the most used software for optimal planning purposes. A case study for the sizing of a renewable energy-based hybrid system is solved in this article, using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software. Photovoltaic panels (PV panels), wind turbines (WT), batteries, converters, electric charge and grid are used in case study. The results of the simulation are presented in graphical form and tabulated for better system visualization. The design of a system to supply 6.8 KWh/d whereas the peak is 1.04 KW electric loads has been performed using HOMER software. In order to allow the user to choose the most suitable option, a comparative analysis has made, showing the pros and cons of cases. Optimum construction conditions help to lower operating costs.

Performance Research on Hybrid System Using MATLAB Simulink

This paper proposes the performance analysis of hybrid system using MATLAB simulation. In the present era, the increasing energy demand due to increase in the large number of loads depress the electrical grid system to fulfil the energy demand of each and every customer. It is impossible for the grid system to do so, therefore to get rid off from these issues a renewable energy-based hybrid system is developed that fulfils the energy demand in most efficient way without undergoing in the process of load shedding. The system is design in the MATLAB Simulink and the result obtained is compared to improve the efficiency of the system.

Electricity sector planning for the Philippine islands: Considering centralized and decentralized supply options

For archipelagic states such as the Philippines, it is important to evaluate centralized and decentralized approaches to electricity supply to ensure that the many and far-flung islands receive affordable, reliable and sustainable electricity. This study compares the feasibility of (I) submarine cable interconnection and (II) renewable energy based hybrid system development for 132 islands. For (I), we conduct a geospatial analysis and use an algorithm to compute the optimized grid outline, taking into account bathymetric models. For (II) we apply an optimization tool that computes for each island the least-cost power generation option, taking into account diesel generator, solar photovoltaic systems, battery storage, and electricity demand. The results indicate that a grid extension of 2239 km submarine cable and 1752 km land cable would be required to connect all of the islands considered. The overall investment under the given cost assumptions amounts to more than 3 billion USD for submarine cable interconnection and more than 700 million USD for a hybridized system development. Nevertheless, submarine cable interconnection is the most economically feasible option for 35 islands and can reduce power generation costs by up to 0.21 USD/kWh. A sensitivity analysis reveals that submarine cable interconnection remains the cost-effective option for most of the identified islands, even with costs increasing by 90%. This study gives an initial assessment of centralized and decentralized electricity supply strategies, and finds renewable energy based hybrid systems most feasible for the majority of islands, and submarine cable interconnection more promising for a few larger islands.

Enhancing the Power Tracking Method in Hybrid System using Artificial Neural Network Integrated with Fuzzy Controller

Objective: To search a point where huge amount of power can be coerced from hybrid system under continuously varying environmental conditions. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Artificial Neural Network integrated with Fuzzy Controller (ANFIS) is proposed to enhance the power tracking method in Hybrid System. This mode of extracting maximum power is highly accurate and it is highly adopted for eco- friendly changes. Due to fast tracking of maximum power, the overall efficiency is highly increased. The projected system has very less settling time and very low overshoot. Findings: This study contributes to a controller design using ANFIS for rapid tracking of maximum power in hybrid system. Application: This controller can be used in all renewable energy based hybrid system which has become a popular electrical energy source. The performance is upgraded by settling time, overshoot and accuracy. Keywords: ANFIS Controller, MPPT, Solar PV Array, Wind Turbine

Sizing of renewable energy based hybrid system for rural electrification using grey wolf optimisation approach

The utilisation of renewable energy sources (RES) in increasing drastically because of various issues including depletion of fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and so on. As the power generated from RES is fluctuating in nature, therefore, the appropriate sizing of the hybrid model based on RES is utmost important. In this study, the grey wolf optimisation, a newly developed approach is used for the optimal sizing of the hybrid model. In this work, the optimal design of solar/biomass/biogas/battery-based hybrid system has been carried out to supply continuous electricity to various households of a cluster of villages of Haryana state of India. The results obtained from the proposed model have been compared with harmony search and particle swarm optimisation and found better.

Improving the reliability of photovoltaic-based hybrid power system with battery storage in low wind locations

The optimum configurations of photovoltaic-micro wind hybrid power systems with battery storage are determined for 12 low windy locations in the Indian western Himalayas which will provide inputs to formulate a policy for the renewable energy based hybrid systems in the region. The objective is to utilize the available wind resource to supplement the solar resource for improving reliability and minimizing energy storage requirements of hybrid systems. In the analysis 7 micro turbines ranging from 1kWp to 5kWp are considered. The solar and wind resource assessment of the region shows good solar resource of 4.11–5.24kWh/m2/day but low wind resource with wind speeds ranging from 2 to 3.6m/s. However, wind speeds more than 5m/s are also available for about 1000h annually indicating potential for small wind power generation. The feasibility analysis is carried out for 12 locations using measured data for one location and NASA satellite data for other 11 locations. A 1kWp micro-wind turbine with cut in speed of 2m/s is found to generate maximum energy annually for these locations for a typical load. The methodology can be used for identifying optimum micro-wind PV hybrid systems for low wind locations worldwide.

Feasibility Analysis of Solar-Biomass Based Standalone Hybrid System for Remote Area

In India, around 70% of the population is living in remote areas and is not able to get proper electricity from utility grid. Around 20% of the total population has no access of electricity at all, which is not commendable for any developing country like India. Most of the electricity requirement is fulfilled by diesel generator only which is not a feasible solution because of fuel cost, greenhouse gas emission etc. Therefore, there is a need of an alternative solution for power generation in such remote areas. In view of the above, the feasibility analysis of renewable energy based hybrid system has been carried out for a remote area of district Sonipat, Haryana, India. In this study, major renewable energy sources including solar, wind, biomass and small hydro are considered to perform the feasibility analysis. A standalone hybrid model based on solar-biomass is found the feasible and viable option. The cost of power generated from proposed hybrid model is $ 0.086 per unit and is almost free from greenhouse gas emission which is at par in cost with the conventional supply and better in terms of clean production. Such hybrid systems can be very useful for electrification of other similar remote areas.

Design of Solar-Biomass Hybrid Microgrid System in Sharjah

Abstract Micropower optimization model is used in this study to design renewable energy-based micro grid system: solar-biomass hybrid system for the electrification of the city of Sharjah. The principal objective is to explore the available renewable resources in Sharjah and to determine the optimal configuration to meet the desired electric loads of the city. The hybrid system consists of electrical loads, solar resources, biomass resources, and system components such as solar photovoltaic, biogas generators, biomass power, battery and converters. Input information on the primary loads, solar and biomass resource availability, technology options, components cost, constraints, and controls are determined. Hourly simulations with sensitive analysis were performed to calculate the energy to and from each component to design the most favorable renewable energy-based system. The optimized results of the alternative renewable energy-based hybrid systems with different levels of contributions by renewable resources are presented in this paper taking into account the technology costs, energy resource availability and the efficiency of the renewable energy system.

Feasibility Analysis of Standalone PV/Wind/Battery Hybrid Energy System for Rural Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the largest populated countries of the world, where more than one third of the population is living without electricity. Being a developing country, the demand of electricity is increasing tremendously. Meanwhile, fossil fuel based electricity generation plants are lagging behind to supply the rising demand and the fossil fuel sources are very limited. As an alternative, renewable energy based systems are becoming popular in Bangladesh, particularly solar, wind and hydro based systems, which are being set up in different sizes and configurations. This paper presents feasibility analysis of renewable energy based hybrid system for the village of Kuakata, in the southern area of Bangladesh. The system is designed based on the resources available at the location. The sources considered in the analysis are solar PV, wind, diesel generator and battery backup system. HOMER simulation model has been developed for simulating the system with real weather data and nominal load profile. The cost of the system is determined based on the real market price of the components. Sensitivity analysis has also been carried out on the best suitable system to prove the system sustainability in the future. For sensitivity analysis, the change in load and change in rate of interest has been considered. Based on the factors such as initial cost, replacement cost, operating cost, total net present cost (TNPC), cost of energy (COE) and exhaust gas emission, the results show that PV-Wind-Battery based system is a feasible solution for the situation. The optimum system has the initial cost of 126,586 $, replacement cost of $ 125,280, operating cost of 5007 $/year, TNPC of 224,345 $ and COE of 0.161 $/kWh with no exhaust gas emission. Foremost, the emission is zero, which means it is green energy system.