Renewable Applications Research Articles

Assessment of genetically modified oilseed rape GT73 for renewal authorisation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-RX-026/1).

Following the submission of application EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐026/1 under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Bayer Agriculture BV on behalf of Bayer CropScience LP, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific risk assessment on the data submitted in the context of the renewal of authorisation application for foods and food ingredients containing, consisting of, or produced from oilseed rape GT73 with the exception of isolated seed protein, and feed produced from this GM oilseed rape, excluding cultivation in the EU. The data received in the context of this renewal application contained post‐market environmental monitoring reports, a systematic search and evaluation of literature, updated bioinformatic analyses, and a search for additional documents or studies performed by or on behalf of the applicant. The GMO Panel assessed these data for possible new hazards, modified exposure or new scientific uncertainties identified during the authorisation period and not previously assessed in the context of the original application. Under the assumption that the DNA sequences of the events in oilseed rape GT73 considered for renewal are identical to the sequences of the originally assessed event, the GMO Panel concludes that there is no evidence in renewal application EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐026/1 for new hazards, modified exposure or scientific uncertainties that would change the conclusions of the original risk assessment on oilseed rape GT73.

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Voltage Control for LCL-Filter Grid-Connected Converter

Inductance – Capacitance – Inductance (LCL) filter is a very attractive candidate for renewable energy system applications due to its high efficiency. High attenuation of the switching frequency harmonics, small size, low fee, and improving the overall harmonic distortion (THD). This paper presents how voltage is affected by increased loads or voltage sag. Therefore it is necessary to control it with certain controllers. The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used as an intelligent controller, the voltage constraint as training data for ANFIS obtained from PI. The filter works in a good connection between the inverter and the grid and rewords unwanted harmonics from using the inverter. The mathematical models for the LCL filter are investigated. The proposed approach shows more effective results than previous performance for voltage controlling and harmonic reduction. It gives overshoot (0.5%), steady state error (0.005), settling time (0.03 sec), rise time (0.005 sec), and improving THD 8.67% to 2.33% by comparing these results of ANFIS respectively with the results of PI which gave(3%),(0.01),(0.2sec)and( 0.02sec).

Assessment of the feed additive consisting of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) DSM 8862 and L. plantarum DSM 8866 for all animal species for the renewal of its authorisation (Dr.Pieper Technologie- und Produktentwicklung GmbH).

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the assessment of the application for renewal of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ssp. plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum ssp. plantarum) DSM 8862 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ssp. argentoratensis (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum ssp. argentoratensis) DSM 8866 as a technological additive to improve ensiling of forage for all animal species. There is no new evidence that would lead the FEEDAP Panel to reconsider its previous conclusions. Thus, the Panel concludes that the additive remains safe for all animal species, consumer and the environment under the authorised conditions of use. Regarding user safety, the additive is not a skin irritant but no conclusions can be drawn on the eye irritancy potential of the additive nor to the skin sensitisation potential. The additive should be considered a respiratory sensitiser. There is no need for assessing the efficacy of the additive in the context of the renewal of the authorisation.

Multilevel Inverter with Predictive Control for Renewable Energy Smart Grid Applications

In a world where climate changes and power management are becoming increasingly important, research work focuses on renewable energy based smart grid to meet adequate demands of energy. The smart grid is a modernized autonomous power network that can transmit electricity effectively, conserve resources and costs, and increase the local grid's stability. As a result, a smart grid connected multilevel inverter is presented in this work. The inverter is controlled using a model predictive control algorithm with increased levels with the primary goal of controlling the injected power generated by the renewable source, improving the quality of the current waveform, lowering THD, and eliminating the shift phase among the injected current and the grid voltage in effort to match the smart grid network's requirements. Therefore, this paper aims to show the performance analysis of multilevel inverters with predictive control for renewable energy smart grids application. The major concern was observed with most of the multi-level inverters are that with increased level total harmonic distortion (THD) is increased if switching control is not designed properly. Therefore, in this case predictive control is implemented on renewable energy based smart grid inverters to increase level with minimum voltage THD and current THD. The case analyzed voltage and current THD in the different levels of multilevel inverter. The result analysis was performed on 7, 11, 17, 21, 27, 31, 37 and 41 respectively. From result analysis it was observed that minimum THD was observed with level 31, i.e., 0.35% and at level 41 it was increased up to 0.55% which is still not high as compared to other existing MLI architectures. The result findings of proposed approach decreased THD with varying levels and outperforms better as compared to other works.

Generation of Hybrid Energy System (Solar-Wind) Supported with Battery Energy Storage

Abstract: The utilization of renewable energy is significantly important for the world because global energy consumption is increasing, while conventional energy sources are no longer sufficient to meet the energy demand, triggering energy crises. In recent years, the increasing prices of fossil fuels and concerns about the environmental consequences of greenhouse gas emissions have renewed the interest in the development of alternative energy resources. Renewable energy is now considered a more desirable source of fuel than nuclear power due to the absence of risk and disasters [1]. Considering that the major component of greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide, there is a global concern about reducing carbon emissions. In this regard, different policies could be applied to reducing carbon emissions, such as enhancing renewable energy deployment and encouraging technological innovations. There are various of renewable energy sources such as Solar, biomass, wind, hydrogen, fuel cell, nanocomposite, and supercapacitor. Each of the energy sources are suitable for specific geographical locations and can suits from region to region. However, variation in solar radiation and wind speed caused by climate and weather conditions restricts the stable operation of renewable energy systems, therefore, causing the output to fluctuate. A hybrid renewable energy generation system can be highly efficient by combining multiple renewable energy sources and is regarded as a promising solution to overcome from this issue. Hybrid solar systems are the systems combining two renewable sources of energy, like solar and wind. Then, energy is generated through solar on sunny days and when there is limited sunshine but there is wind, energy can be generated through it. The study aims to focus on generation of hybrid solar-wind power plant with the optimal contribution of renewable energy resources supported by battery energy storage technology. The motivating factor behind the hybrid solar–wind power system design is the fact that both solar and wind power exhibit complementary power profiles. Advantageous combination of solar and wind with optimal ratio will lead to clear benefits for hybrid solar-wind power plants such as smoothing of intermittent power, higher reliability, and availability. However, the potential challenges for its integration into power grids cannot be neglected. A potential solution is to utilise one of the energy storage technologies, though all of them are still very expensive for such applications, especially at large scale. Therefore, optimal capacity calculations for energy storage system are also vital to realise full benefits. Currently, battery energy storage technology is considered as one of the most promising choices for renewable power applications. However, solar-wind power technology are most suitable for off-grid services, serving the remote are without having to build or extend expensive and complicated grid infrastructure. Therefor standalone system using renewable energy sources have become a preferred option. Hence hybrid energy systems are an ideal solution since they can offer substantial improvements in performance and cost reduction and can be tailored to varying end user requirements

Çocuklar için özel gereksinim raporunda fiziksel tıp ve rehabilitasyon hekiminin rolü

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı ‘Çocuklar İçin Özel Gereksinim Raporu (ÇÖZGER)’ için 3. basamak üniversite hastanesine başvuran çocuk ve ergen olgularda hareket gelişimi alanında tanı dağılımını ve buna bağlı gereksinim düzeylerini saptamak ve fiziksel tıp ve rehabilitasyon (FTR) hekiminin (fiziatrist) hekiminin rolünü vurgulamaktır.Yöntemler: Çalışma kapsamında Nisan 2019-Şubat 2022 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz sağlık kuruluna ÇÖZGER için başvuran 0-18 yaş arası hastalara ait veriler retrospektif olarak tarandı. Olguların demografik verileri, hareket alanındaki özel gereksinim ve tanıları, değerlendirme yapan diğer bölümler ile ek özel gereksinimleri, rapor sonuçları ve süreleri analiz edildi.Bulgular: Çalışmaya 547’si kız (%38,3) olmak üzere 1428 hasta dâhil edildi. 1252’si (%87,7) ilk başvurusunu yaparken, 179 hasta rapor yenilemesi yapmak üzere başvurmuştu. Tüm hastaların yaş ortalaması 95.47±56.59 (min 2-max 216) aydı. FTR polikliniğine başvuru sayısı Çalışmaya dâhil edilen hastalar içinde FTR polikliniğine başvuranların sayısı 199'u kız olmak üzere 469 (%32.8) idi. FTR’ye başvuran hastaların yaş ortalaması 80.54±2.64 ay olmak üzere başvurmayanlara oranla daha erken yaştı (p<0.001). ÇÖZGER’de yer alan FTR tanıları arasında en sık serebral palsi ve Down sendromu yer almıştı. FTR polikliniğine başvuran hastaların sadece 8’i ‘Özel Gereksinim Yok’ olarak değerlendirilirken; 336 hastanın raporu ‘Özel Koşul Gereksinimi Var’ olarak sonuçlanmıştı. FTR bölümüyle birlikte en sık rapor veren bölümler sırasıyla çocuk ve ergen ruh sağlığı hastalıkları, çocuk nöroloji ve gelişimsel pediatri olarak saptandı.Sonuç: ÇÖZGER için başvuran hastaların yaklaşık üçte biri FTR hekimine başvurmaktadır. Henüz tanı almasa da erken yaş grubundan itibaren hareket gelişim alanında destek gerektirecek düzeyde zorluk saptanan hastaların değerlendirilmesine ve desteklenmesine faydası olan ÇÖZGER’de FTR hekimi anahtar role sahiptir.

First-principle investigation of thermoelectric and optoelectronic properties of Rb2KScI6 and Cs2KScI6 double perovskite for solar cell devices

Double perovskite (DP) halides are a reliable source of renewable energy that plays a vital role to fulfill the requirements of energy crunch. Therefore, the analysis of these perovskite halides have promising uses for thermoelectric and optoelectronics purposes. We investigated the thermoelectric and optoelectronics properties of Rb2KScI6 and Cs2KScI6 halides for use in renewable energy devices by using FP-LAPW + lo approach based on DFT. The calculated Goldsmith's tolerance factor and enthalpy of the formation of studied halides reveal that these are structurally and thermodynamically stable in cubic phase. Moreover, the analyzed value of Poisson and Pugh ratio reveals ductile nature of these materials. Further, we computed the bandgaps by analyzing electronic characteristics. For bandgap calculations of Rb2KScI6 (Eg = 2.75 eV) and Cs2KScI6 (Eg = 2.65 eV), we employed mBJ potentials to obtain precise values as comparison to experimental values. The complex dielectric function used to reveal the optical properties of the analyzed materials. The calculated optical results clearly show the maximum absorption of light in infrared (IR) region revealed that the analyzed materials are appropriate for optoelectronic purposes. The thermoelectric behavior was examined as to figure of merit (ZT), electrical-conductivity (EC), the Seebeck-coefficient (S) as well as thermal-conductivity. Animatedly in future, the analyzed consequences would be supportive to experimental investigation of Rb2KScI6 and Cs2KScI6 for renewable energy device applications.

Current Source Topologies for Photovoltaic Applications: An Overview

Current source topologies have several advantages compared to conventional voltage systems. Their inherent voltage-boosting function, intrinsic short-circuit protection, no electrolytic capacitor, direct-current control, continuous input current, and high reliability make them exceptional candidates for power generation systems, particularly for photovoltaic applications. This study provides an overview of the current source topologies for multi-stage photovoltaic grid-connected systems by comparing the number of components, performance, power-decoupling techniques, efficiency, and frequency operation. The overview reveals gain, performance, energy quality and lifetime improvements, thereby providing current source systems as an attractive alternative for renewable applications.

ESHRE certification of ART centres for good laboratory and clinical practice.

ESHRE certification of ART centres for good laboratory and clinical practice.

A high gain soft switched DC–DC converter for renewable applications

ABSTRACT This article presents a novel high gain soft-switching DC–DC converter with low component count and low voltage stress across switching devices. The proposed converter employs coupled inductor and voltage multiplier techniques to achieve high gain at low duty and low turn ratios. An active clamp circuit is also used to reduce voltage stress across the switch. As a result, lower voltage rating switches having lower on-state resistance (Rds-on ) are used, lowering system cost. It also helps to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on across both MOSFETs, reducing switching losses and improving efficiency. The leakage energy of the coupled inductor is recycled to improve the voltage gain, and the quasi resonance formed by the leakage inductance and switched capacitors helps to achieve zero current switching (ZCS) across diodes. This also helps in controlling the falling rate of output diode current, helping to mitigate the reverse recovery problem. The steady-state analysis has been carried out. A 500W prototype of the proposed converter is built up and tested to validate the working of the converter.

Graphitic Carbon Cloth-Based Hybrid Molecular Catalyst: A Non-conventional, Synthetic Strategy of the Drop Casting Method for a Stable and Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions.

Hydrogen energy production through water electrolysis is envisaged as one of the most promising, sustainable, and viable alternate sources to cater to the incessant demands of renewable energy storage. Germane to our effort in this field, we report easily synthesizable and very cost-effective isoperthiocyanic acid (IPA) molecular complexes as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under acidic and alkaline conditions. The Pd(II)IPA, Co(II)IPA, and Ni(II)IPA complexes were synthesized and were evaluated for HER and OER applications. These complexes when embedded onto graphitized carbon cloth (GrCC) exhibited a significant enhancement in the HER activity in contrast to their pristine counterparts. The hybrid electrocatalyst Pd(II)IPA among the three showed an extremely low overpotential of 94.1 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm–2, while Co(II)IPA and Ni(II)IPA complexes showed overpotentials of 367 and 394 mV, respectively, to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm–2. These complexes on carbon cloth showed decreased charge transfer resistance compared to that of pristine metal complexes. The enhanced catalytic activity of the complexes on carbon cloth can be attributed to the porous and conducting nature of the graphitized carbon cloth. For OER activity, the Pd(II)IPA complex showed an excellent performance with an overpotential value of 210 mV, while Co(II)IPA and Ni(II)IPA exhibited overpotentials of 400 and 270 mV, respectively, to drive a current density of 10 mA cm–2 in 0.1 M KOH. This work further widens the scope and application of molecular complexes in combination with an excellent carbon support for renewable energy storage applications.

Improved auxiliary inductive coil connectors in DC boost converters with high voltage gain for renewable energy source applications

<span lang="EN-US">This study investigates an auxiliary technique for the integration of inductive coil connectors (AIIC) within a single switched DC converter with high voltage gain for renewable energy source applications. The aim is to develop and improve the rate of voltage gain for both coils by using inductive coil connectors (coupling inductance) on the input side that goes through the ratio operator of both inductive coils of the high frequency transformer by having the prototype power circuit operate at a switching frequency 80 kHz. Experimental results show that the output power is at 125 W, output voltage is at 325 V, and input voltage is at 36 V. Furthermore, the duration of change of critical waves of the duty condition was analyzed to confirm that the results were consistent with the proposed technique.</span>

Assessment of genetically modified maize MIR162 for renewal authorisation under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 (application EFSA-GMO-RX-025).

Following the submission of application EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐025 under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Syngenta Crop Protection NV/SA, the Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms of the European Food Safety Authority was asked to deliver a scientific risk assessment on the data submitted in the context of the renewal of authorisation application for the insect‐resistant genetically modified maize MIR162, for food and feed uses, excluding cultivation within the EU. The data received in the context of this renewal application contained post‐market environmental monitoring reports, a systematic search and evaluation of literature, updated bioinformatic analyses, and additional documents or studies performed by or on behalf of the applicant. The GMO Panel assessed these data for possible new hazards, modified exposure or new scientific uncertainties identified during the authorisation period and not previously assessed in the context of the original application. The GMO Panel concludes that there is no evidence in renewal application EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐025 for new hazards, modified exposure or scientific uncertainties that would change the conclusions of the original risk assessment on maize MIR162.

Injected power control for grid-connected converter based on particle swarm optimization

Inductance–capacitance–inductance (LCL) filters are very attractive candidates for renewable energy system applications due to their high efficiency, high harmonic reduction, small bulk, and improved harmonic distortion (THD). These papers take advantage of the capabilities of renewable energy sources and inject them into the network by using an inverter when it enters work at high loads at certain times. Therefore, it is necessary to control power with certain controllers. The proportional-integral controller (PI) is used; conventional methods for tuning the controller parameters cannot give satisfactory performance due to the high instability of the closed-loop system. This paper presents the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for tuning the controller's parameters to achieve optimum performance associated with sufficient stability margin. The mathematical models for the LCL filter and the frequency response were investigated by using the bode-plot. The proposed approach shows effective results for both power control and harmonic reduction. The proposed PI-PSO controller gives overshoot (1.08%), settling time (0.03 sec), rise time (0.00035 sec) and improved THD from 10.29% to 1.67% with compared to using the trial and error method, which gives (1.035%), (0.015) and (0.003) and THD from 10.23% to 1.575%, respectively.

Hybrid electrodes composed of graphitic carbon nitride and zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 for supercapacitor applications

Carbon-based materials with porous and layered forms have irreplaceable worth in renewable energy storage applications, especially after the graphene discovery. Among these materials, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) shows great promise by including polymeric layers accentuate owing to its cost-effective yet eco-friendly chemistry. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) also draw attention to possessing high surface area owing to porous structure. Herein, we present a rational co-synthesis of these materials for the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors (SCs). G-C3N4@ZIF-67 hybrid electrode demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 657 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1. The specific capacitance of pure g-C3N4 and ZIF-67 were 446 and 560 F g−1 at the same current density. Moreover, the capacitances only decay at 6%, 5%, and 10% after 3500 cycles for g-C3N4, ZIF-67, and g-C3N4@ZIF-67, respectively. The symmetric SC (g-C3N4@ZIF-67//g-C3N4@ZIF-67) also reached the highest specific capacitance of 144 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and the degradation was 39% after 6000 cycles at a constant current density of 5 A g−1. The presented SC exhibited a maximum energy density of 5.6 Wh kg−1, whereas the power density was as high as 3783 W kg−1. These results mark the obtained g-C3N4@ZIF-67 composite material as a promising electrode candidate for SCs.

Effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use on 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-Assisted Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of the Evidence, Neurobiological Plausibility, and Clinical Significance.

Among the renewed applications of psychedelic medicines in psychiatry, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has demonstrated the most promise in early small-scale studies. Recent exploratory analyses from prior clinical trials of MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD have suggested that recent use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)-the only medication class with United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to treat PTSD-can significantly dampen the efficacy of this novel therapy. Although psychedelic medicines are not yet FDA approved, MDMA is very likely to be the first to achieve FDA approval-perhaps within the next 2 years. Given this timeline, the field would benefit from more knowledge about potential interactions between this novel therapy and our current treatments. This brief report reviews selected literature in the basic and clinical neurosciences relevant to the interaction of SSRIs and MDMA. The possibility that SSRI use could dampen future responses to MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD raises many important questions about the biological mechanisms as well as ethical implications around the most appropriate way to counsel patients. In this brief report, we compare the evidence for SSRIs and MDMA-assisted therapy in the treatment of PTSD and discuss what is known about the neurobiological interactions between these 2 medicines. There is strong neurobiological plausibility for the hypothesis that chronic SSRI use dampens response to MDMA-assisted therapy, although current knowledge in the field is limited and primarily relates to acute pharmacodynamic interactions. Our commentary highlights the urgent need for future work dedicated to addressing this important clinical topic.

Modelling and output voltage distortion with capacitive current feedback control for single phase inverter powering non‐linear load

The pulse width modulation inverter is widely applied in independent PV renewable generation applications and uninterruptible power supplies. Many control schemes are investigated for the inverter feeding non-linear loads, aiming to achieve the desired performance. However, the model currently proposed is mostly based on a linear load, which is not suitable for the condition with the non-linear load. In this paper, the uncontrolled diode rectifier load model based on the AC and DC link power balances is analysed in detail first. Then, the rectifier inverter control system mathematical model is presented. The mathematical model derivation considers the rectifier load, especially non-linear dead zone circuit performance that is closer to practical application conditions. Based on the proposed model, the output voltage control strategy with capacitor current feedback is further given. The operating principle of the proposed model and control scheme is analysed in detail. Additionally, the conclusions are validated by simulations and experimental results.

Data collection on co‐formulants used in representative plant protection product formulations in the context of the EFSA peer review process for approval/renewal of approval of active substances

EFSA collected data on co-formulants contained in plant protection product (PPP) formulations for representative uses as part of applications for approval or renewal of active substances, to collate the information available during the peer review process. Information was extracted from pesticide active substances dossiers for which a peer review output was issued between January 2019 and March 2022, in which a total of 182 co-formulants were found. Most of the data submitted on the identity and physicochemical properties of the co-formulants are complete as required by Regulation (EU) 284/2013. The data related to (eco)toxicological properties mainly refers to the safety data sheet of the individual co-formulants and, if available, to registration dossiers under Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 (REACH). Fifty-three % of the identified co-formulants have been registered under REACH and about 80% of the 53% are registered for more than 1000 tonnes a year for which registrants are required to submit the most complete data set under REACH. For the remaining percentage, a more limited range of toxicological information is available: EFSA will investigate whether they are exempted from registration under REACH. Co-formulants contained in plant protection products may also be subject to other European legislation such as the regulations on biocides, food/feed additives, food contact materials, or are included in lists of excipients or cosmetic ingredients. Observations highlighted in the present report can serve Member State risk assessors and risk managers to harmonise the assessment of co-formulants in collaboration with the EU agencies (EFSA, ECHA).

Reuse of agricultural wastes, manure, and biochar as an organic amendment: A review on its implications for vermicomposting technology

This review mainly aims to present the current issue of eco-agricultural wastes tremendously increasing day by day, thereby causing threats to the environment and agricultural systems. Proper management can help reduce wastes by reusing and recycling organic wastes through scientific and eco-friendly techniques. This review evaluated the vermicompost's role in sustainable crop nutrient recycling, particularly nitrogen (N) recovery (76%), by assessing the possibility of using earthworm species in an agronomic ecosystem. A scientific knowledge of organic material management for sustainable, organic farming to learn N supply and retention under vermicompost application was provided. The reuse and nutrient recovery of vermicompost at appropriate carbon to nitrogen ratios (10–23), mitigation of reactive nitrogen gases emissions, ammonia NH 3 volatilization (3–15 kg N ha −1 ), soil fertility , and the use of renewable source application as fertilizers were emphasized. On the basis of literature reviews and several experiments, a recommendation was presented with novelties, innovations, sustainability , and future research directions for the importance of the sustainable use of vermicomposting technology in an agroecosystem. It may help solve a number of issues related to the reduction in environmental pollution , waste management , and human health risks. • Earthworms enhance the nutrients status, particularly N during vermicomposting. • Preparation of vermicompost using biochar and its application are discussed. • The C:N ratio regulates the NH 3 and greenhouse gas emission during vermicomposting. • Bioconversion of organic wastes to organic fertilizers is a sustainable approach.

A Kinetic Performance-Informed Technoeconomic Assessment-Life Cycle Assessment Model of Ce and V Redox Flow Batteries

The EIA projects that 60% of cumulative capacity additions in the U.S. by 2050 will be renewable electric generating technologies.1 The use of intermittent renewable energy in the U.S. electricity grid requires energy storage. NREL predicts that for a scenario in which 80% of electricity in the U.S. comes from renewable energy by 2050, 120 GW of energy storage would be needed,2 yet as of 2020, the U.S. has only 24 GW of storage capacity.3 Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a useful technology for ensuring the smooth integration of renewable energy into the U.S. electricity grid because of their long lifecycles and discharge times. RFBs are currently too expensive for market deployment, however, with the all vanadium RFB (VRFB) costing double the DOE target.4,5 One way to improve the cost effectiveness of RFBs is to explore chemistries that increase the voltage window. The replacement of the VO2+/ VO2 + chemistry at the positive electrode of a VRFB with the Ce3+/Ce4+ chemistry would result in an increased theoretical voltage, but it is unclear how the kinetic, ohmic, and mass transport overvoltages would change. Additionally, studies of the environmental burdens of life cycle phases of Ce RFBs are limited. To advance the most cost effective and least environmentally harmful RFB, in this study, we develop a combined Technoeconomic Assessment-Life Cycle Assessment (TEA-LCA) model that is informed by our performance measurements to compare the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and levelized greenhouse gas (LGHG) emissions of VRFBs and Ce-V RFBs.The TEA-LCA model allows the user to select from a list of positive and negative electrode redox chemistries, solvents, electrode materials, and electricity grid generation profiles to calculate the LCOE and LGHG emissions of the battery for the delivery of 1 kWh of energy. A solver function optimizes the current density that minimizes either LCOE or LGHGs. The TEA-LCA model uses a bottom-up approach, in which energy- and power-dependent capital costs and environmental burdens are calculated by converting the amount of material to a kWh basis. Cost estimates are sourced from vendors and GHG emissions are pulled from the GREET database and literature. The amount of active species required to deliver 1 kWh of electricity at a specified discharge time is calculated using the redox couple properties, including redox potential, exchange current density, and limiting currents. These performance parameters are based on measurements collected in lab. The use phase burdens are calculated using the roundtrip efficiency of the battery and the price and GHGs associated with the electricity grid generation mix. End-of-life costs consist of the economic and environmental burdens of recycling and disposing of the battery material and are collected from vendors and GREET.The TEA-LCA model answers important questions related to the optimal operating conditions of an RFB. In addition to comparing the economic and environmental performances of the VRFB and Ce-V RFB, it demonstrates how different electricity grid mixes influence total cost and emissions and highlights the difference in optimal operating current density if cost or GHG emissions are prioritized, e.g., lower current density results in fewer emissions but higher cost in carbon-intensive electricity grid profiles. Preliminary results using literature values show that the Ce-V RFB has an LCOE that is 45% lower than the VRFB LCOE, with capital costs dominating. We will present the finalized LCOE for the VRFB and Ce-V RFB, as well as LGHGs, as a function of discharge time and electricity grid mix. Sensitivity analyses of the input parameters found that for both RFBs, the discount rate, discharge faradaic efficiency, and lifetime of battery had the most influence on LCOE, with a 20% decrease in discharge faradaic efficiency resulting in a 16% increase in LCOE for the VRFB. The results of this TEA-LCA model show that the use of cerium is a viable option for reducing the cost of RFBs to advance their use in renewable energy storage grid applications. Additionally, this model is generalizable to other batteries and electrochemical systems, such as CO2 conversion. Thus, the development of this TEA-LCA model represents not only an advancement to the field of redox flow batteries but also the wider field of electrochemistry. U.S. EIA. Annual Energy Outlook. (2021).Mai, T. et al. Renewable Electricity Futures Study. NREL. (2012).CSS University of Michigan. U. S. Grid Energy Storage Factsheet. (2021).Mongird, K. et al. 2020 Grid Energy Storage Technology Cost and Performance Assessment. (2020).Weber, A. Z. et al. J. Appl. Electrochem. 41, 1137–1164 (2011).Smith, G. F. & Getz, C. A. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 10, 191–195 (1938).