Renal Toxicity In Rats Research Articles

Inhibitory Effects of Mead Acid Supplementation on Acetaminophen-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats

Inhibitory Effects of Mead Acid Supplementation on Acetaminophen-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats

Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid ameliorates gentamicin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats

Objective: To explore the efficacy of earthworm’s coelomic fluid against gentamicin-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. Methods: The animals were divided randomly into three groups (n = 6 per group): control, gentamicin, and Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid-treated groups. Toxicity was established after injection of gentamicin daily for 8 days at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, albumin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, malondialdehyde, glutathione, catalase and histopathology of tissues were investigated in the study. Results: Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid significantly decreased urea, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde levels while significantly increasing levels of total proteins, albumin, glutathione and catalase. The histopathological investigation showed partial restoration of renal and hepatic architecture. Conclusions: This study shows the potency of Allolobophora caliginosa coelomic fluid in improving the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by gentamicin in the liver and kidney of the rats.

Kolaviron Diminishes Diclofenac-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Wistar Rats Via Suppressing Inflammatory Events, Upregulating Antioxidant Defenses, and Improving Hematological Indices.

Diclofenac (DF) is widely used in the treatment of pain and fever. Despite it therapeutic benefits, it triggered hepatorenal injury. Thus, the present study investigated the protective roles of kolaviron (KV) against DF-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. The rats were allotted into groups: control group received propylene glycol and treatment groups received DF, which induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats and different doses of KV that prevented systemic toxicity of DF in rats. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, all the rats were killed. Pro-inflammatory levels, markers of liver and kidney functions, oxidative stress, hematological indices, and histopathological alterations were evaluated. Diclofenac caused significant increase in the plasma levels of creatinine and urea and activities of liver enzymes, including bilirubin level, pro-inflammatory markers, and plasma prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It also caused significant alteration in renal and hepatic PGE2, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), and hematological indices. These toxic effects were confirmed by histological studies and levels of inflammatory infiltration (myeloperoxidase). However, KV significantly prevented or reduced the adverse effects of DF in the plasma, liver, and kidney of the rats pretreated with KV before DF administration. This study showed the efficacy of KV as hepatic and renal protector in DF-induced hepatorenal toxicity through reduction of oxidative stress and suppression of inflammation.

The protective effects of saffron stigma alcoholic extract against vincristine sulfate drug-induced renal toxicity in rat

Introduction: Vincristine (VCR) is potential anti-cancer drug that is highly toxic for renal tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of alcoholic extract of saffron stigma against vincristine renal toxicity in male rats. Methods: A total number of 50 rats were randomly divided into 10 groups. Different doses of VCR (0.25, 0.5 and 0.75mg/kg) and saffron (0.5 and 1mg/kg) were used to treat vincristine-induced renal toxicity in rats. Serum level of renal biomarkers, creatinine (Cr), uric acid and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured using specific kits at the end of the experimental period. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) values were measured using Ferric reducing antioxidant of power (FRAP) and Thiobarbituric acid reaction (TBAR) methods, respectively. Results: Administration of VCR to the experimental rats caused severe renal injury with significant increase in the levels of creatinine (Cr), uric acid and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). VCR administration (at concentration of 0.75mg/kg) also significantly increased the mean level of MDA (0.51±0.021 nmol/ml; p<0.001), while TAC value was declined significantly (243.17±16.24 μmol/l; p<0.001). These effects were dose-dependently. Treatment with saffron extract decreased the level of Cr, BUN, and MDA values in VCR-exposed rats with a significant enhancement in serum TAC content. This effect was notable for rats that received 1mg/kg plant extract. Conclusion: Administration of saffron, especially at higher concentration, can reduce VCR-induced renal toxicity, total antioxidant depletion and lipid peroxidation, possibly due to its antioxidative properties.

The effect of ferulic acid against lead-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in kidney and testes of rats.

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants which leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cells. Reactive oxygen species contains oxygen radicals that easily react with other molecules in the biological system. For decades, lead acetate (Pb(C2H3O2)2) is used as an additive for many widely used chemical products such as insecticides, hair dyes, and cosmetics; however, contact with lead acetate may irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of using ferulic acid to inhibit lead acetate-induced toxicity in rats is investigated. Lead acetate was orally given at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 10 days, either alone or with ferulic acid at dose 25 mg/kg. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were measured. Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase (CAT) activities were determined. In addition, histopathological changes of testes and kidney were examined. Results showed that administration of lead acetate induced oxidative stress through attenuation of luteinizing hormone, total testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in serum. Moreover, the kidney and testes of lead acetate-treated animals exhibited elevation of ROS level, lipid peroxide levels, as well as lysosomal enzyme activity such acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-β-glucosminidase. DNA fragmentation and histological changes were also observed in lead acetate-treated group. In contrast, ferulic acid treatment reduced the deleterious effects induced by lead acetate in both testes and kidney tissues. These results illustrated that ferulic acid has a protective action against toxicity caused by lead acetate in rats. In conclusions, ferulic acid may have future therapeutic relevance in the prevention of lead acetate-induced testicular and renal toxicity in rats.

Ameliorative effects of ethanolic constituents of Bangladeshi propolis against tetracycline-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats.

The study reports the phenolic composition of propolis from Bangladesh and its ameliorative effects against tetracycline-induced hepatonephrotoxicity in rats. Male Wistar Albino rats (n=18) were randomly divided into three following groups: (1) normal control, (2) tetracycline-treatment (200mgkg-1 rat-1 ), and (3) tetracycline (200mgkg-1 rat-1 ) + propolis (100mgkg-1 rat-1 ) treatments. The ethanolic extract of propolis contained major phenolic acids as well as a flavonoid, rutin. Oral exposure to tetracycline caused severe hepatic and renal damage as indicated by significant alterations in liver marker enzymes in rat serum: bilirubin and protein concentrations, lipid profile, and markers of kidney function when compared with controls. The observed biochemical perturbations were accompanied by histopathological changes. Co-administration with propolis extract, however, prevented the changes in biochemical parameters, as revealed by maintenance of cell membrane integrity and regulation of lipid profile and the conservation of the histoarchitecture. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Propolis is a resinous honeybee product which is becoming increasingly popular due to its potential contributions to human health. The phenolic compounds identified in propolis from Bangladesh were effective against tetracycline-induced hepatic and renal toxicity. Propolis may be a promising natural product in reducing the effects of chronic liver and kidney damage.

Protective effect of essential oil of Cinnamomum verum bark on hepatic and renal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats.

The inner bark of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) is widely used as a spice. Cinnamon plants are also a valuable source of essential oil used for medicinal purposes. The present study aimed to investigate the composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of essential oil of C. verum bark (CvEO) and its protective effects in vivo on CCl4-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. Groups of animals were pretreated for 7 days with CvEO (70 or 100 mg/kg body weight) or received no treatment and on day 7 a single dose of CCl4 was used to induce oxidative stress. Twenty-four hours after CCl4 administration, the animals were euthanized. In the untreated group, CCl4 induced an increase in serum biochemical parameters and triggered oxidative stress in both liver and kidneys. CvEO (100 mg/kg) caused significant reductions in CCl4-elevated levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, urea, and creatinine and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein compared with the untreated group. Moreover, pretreatment with CvEO at doses of 70 and 100 mg/kg before administration of CCl4 produced significant reductions in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyl levels in liver and kidney tissues compared with the untreated group. The formation of pathological hepatic and kidney lesions induced by the administration of CCl4 was strongly prevented by CvEO at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Overall, this study suggests that administration of CvEO has high potential to quench free radicals and alleviate CCl4-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats.

The interrelationship between gasotransmitters and lead-induced renal toxicity in rats

This study explored the role of gasotransmitters in lead-induced nephrotoxicity. Long-term exposure of rats to lead resulted in its accumulation in kidney. The accumulated metal impaired kidney function and structure. Lead intoxication resulted in oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in kidney. In addition, it resulted in nitric oxide (NO) overproduction and decrease in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) level and heme oxygenase (HO-1) concentration in kidney. Inhibition of NO overproduction by L–N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L–NAME) and increasing of H2S level by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and CO level by carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-A1 (CORM-A1) inhibited lead-induced impairment of kidney function and structure. These agents inhibited lead-intoxication induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, nitrosative stress and reduction of H2S level and HO-1 concentration. Also, concomitant treatment with these agents inhibited lead intoxication-induced increase in protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and caspase-3 as well as decrease in protein expressions of HO-1 and cystathionine- γ-lyase (CSE) in kidney. The NO donor, L-arginine and the H2S and CO biosynthesis inhibitors, trifluoro-DL-alanine and zinc deutroporphyrin, respectively produced opposite effects and aggravated the toxic effects of lead. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that gasotransmitters play an important role in lead-induced nephrotoxicity.

The Protective Effects of Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil Extract against Methotrexate Induced Hepatic and Renal Toxicity in Rats

The Protective Effects of Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil Extract against Methotrexate Induced Hepatic and Renal Toxicity in Rats

The protective effect of Nigella Sativa oil on Penconazole induced -renal toxicity in adult albino rats: Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical study

High doses of penconazole causing nephrotoxicity and renal damage. Nigella sativa (black seed) is one of the native plants. It has anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anti-cancerous properties.Aim: This work aimed to evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa oil on Penconazole induced renal toxicity in a rat model.Material and Methods: Sixty male adult albino rats were used . They were divided into equal four groups. Group I (control): rats were received distilled water Group II (N. sativa): rats were given orally 0.2ml N. sativa oil /100 g b. wt. three days/week for four weeks.Group III(PEN –treated): the animals were received intraperitoneally 67 mg penconazole /kg b. wt. three days/week for four weeks. Group IV(PEN+ N.sativa): rats were given penconazole (67 mg/kg b.w) and N. sativa oil (0.2ml/100 g) simultaneously three days weekly for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, kidney tissues were prepared for biochemical, immunohistochemical, light and electron microscopic studies.Results: Histological examination of penconazole treated group revealed glomerular atrophy, widening of the subcapsular space and hypercellularity of the glomerular cells. Detachment of podocytes and disruption of their processes resulted in impairment of the blood renal barrier. Tubular degeneration and necrosis were confirmed by significant decrease in Bcl2 immune marker. An increase in activity of intercalated cells of cortical collecting tubules was an indication of metabolic acidosis. Renal fibrosis was confirmed by an significant increase in α SMA and collagen fibers. Biochemical study revealed an increase in MDA level, decrease in both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).These changes were reserved by concomitant administration of Nigella sativa oil.Conclusion: The antioxidant properties of Nigella sativa could be attributed in ameliorating penconazole-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Therapeutic effect of valsartan against doxorubicin-induced renal toxicity in rats.

Objective(s):Doxorubicin (DXR)-induces glomerular atrophy and fibrosis in rat kidneys. The objective of the current study was to investigate the protective effects of valsartan on DXR-induced glomerular toxicity and its mechanisms of actions in rats. Materials and Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups, and each group contains ten rats. First group was control and was treated with saline only. Treatment groups were injected with DXR (6.5 mg/kg) alone, or intragastric gavage with 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg of valsartan after DXR treatment.Results:Rats treated with DXR only showed significant changes in concentrations of urinary protein, serum creatinine (SCr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Moreover, glomerular structural damages were observed in rats treated with DXR. Valsartan significantly alleviated the effect of DXR. Dramatic elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and significant reductions in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were seen after DXR treatment. These effects were effectively ameliorated by co-administration with valsartan. Conclusion:The findings of our study indicate that valsartan may play an important role in protecting DXR-induced renal toxicity, at least in part, through its antioxidant properties.

Immunomodulatory effect of irradiated β-glucan in Diethylnitrosamine induced Renal Toxicity

β-glucans are one of the most abundant forms of polysaccharides known as biological response modifiers which influence host’s biological response and stimulate immune system. Accordingly, this study is carried out to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiated β-glucan (Iβ-glucan) extracted from mushroom in modulating diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced immune response and mitochondrial dysfunction in renal toxicity. Rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I: control group, group II: animals received the DEN (20mg/kg) for 6 weeks, group III: was gavaged Iβ-glucan (65mg/kg b. wt.) for 6 weeks, group IV: received as group II and then treated as group III. Exposure to DEN induced a change in the levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6) and nephrotoxicity, which was proved by significant elevated levels of creatinine and urea along with upregulation of mRNA cytochrome P450 (2E1) and downregulation in mitochondrial enzymes complex I and II. Treatment with Iβ-glucans post DEN-exposure significantly improved the disturbances in all the ++ tested parameters. It could be concluded that Iβ-glucan treatment exerts a potential biological effect on both mitochondrial and immune system dysfunction caused by the DEN- induced renal toxicity in rats. It is considered for further trials.

The Protective Effect of Croton zambesicus against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Renal Toxicity in Rats

Background: The leaf extract of Croton zambesicus (CZ) is used in traditional medicine for the management of various conditions including kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effects of leaf extract of CZ on rat kidney toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride. Method: Male albino rats were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats and treated for 5 days with aqueous extract (200-400 mg/kg) and n-butanol fraction (20-40 mg/kg) of CZ. Carbon tetrachloride (2 ml/kg of 40% in olive oil) was administered subcutaneously for 3 days and the rats were treated with the extract and fraction for 3 days. Animals were euthanized on day 8 with intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (60 mg/kg) and xylazine (7.5 mg/kg). Blood sample was collected for the analysis of serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Kidney tissue was harvested to determine the antioxidant enzyme activity. Results: Carbon tetrachloride produced increased serum sodium ion, chloride ion, urea and creatinine with decreased superoxide, catalase, glutathione, oxidized glutathione and an increase in malondialdehyde concentration. Treatment of rats with the aqueous leaf extract and n-butanol fraction attenuated the toxic effects of carbon tetrachloride on kidney with a significant decline in serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine and a significant increase in the concentration of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion: Results from this study revealed that the aqueous leaf extract and n-butanol fraction of CZ had protective effect against carbon tetrachloride-induced renal toxicity in rats, thus justifying the consideration of this plant for the management of kidney disease.

Ameliorative Potential of Eclipta alba on Gentamycin Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats

Nephrotoxicity is a common event, which can cause significant morbidity and can be easily overlooked. Gentamycin is an antimicrobial agent which can cause nephrotoxicity on prolonged use. A large number of herbs have traditionally been used to treat drug or toxin-induced renal diseases. The present study was a similar attempt in that direction to evaluate the nephroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of whole plant of Eclipta alba against gentamycin induced nephrotoxicity. The animals were divided into five groups (n=6) consisting of normal control, toxic control and three test groups which received different doses of the extract (100,200 & 400mg/kg, p.o). Nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Eclipta alba was evaluated by assessing the blood parameters and histopathological studies of kidney. Elevated levels of serum urea, serum creatinine, total protein and uric acid have been significantly reduced in dose depending manner by oral administration of ethanolic extract of whole plant of Eclipta alba. These observations were supported by histopathological studies.

A renoprotective role of chitosan against lithium-induced renal toxicity in rats

BackgroundLithium (Li) is considered as the first therapeutic line for treatment of bipolar affective disorders and manic-depressive illness. Renal toxicity can be categorized as the most common undesirable side effect of Li therapy. Therefore, the present study aimed to reveal efficiency of chitosan (CS) as a natural chelator against renal toxicity induced as a result of Li injection. During current experiment, the renal functions (urea, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid and total protein) were determined in serum samples. The urinary excretion of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was assayed through measuring its level in urine samples. Moreover, markers of the oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation product (LPO)) were assessed in renal tissues. In addition, histopathological and ultrastructural examinations were carried out in that tissue.ResultsIt was found that Li injection caused significant (P < 0.05) elevation in serum urea, creatinin and BUN levels associated with decline in uric acid and T. protein. Moreover, Li increased the urinary excretion of NAG significantly (P < 0.05). Administration of CS orally restored levels of these measurements to normalcy in CS pre-treated group through lowering urea, creatinin, BNU levels and urinary excretion of NAG with enhancing uric acid and T. protein levels.On the other hand, it was found that Li caused significant (P < 0.05) elevation in the LPO level associated with decline in activity of the antioxidant system in the renal tissues. Likewise, it caused severe alterations in the renal levels at histopathological and ultrastructural levels. The treatment with CS reduced the renal LPO associated with stimulating the antioxidant system through increasing levels of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH in addition to its beneficial role against the histopathological abnormalities.ConclusionsThe CS exhibited promising role in the protection against the oxidative stress and renal toxicity induced as a result of Li injection.

Ameliorative Effect of Methanol Extract of Hymenocardia acida Leaves on Gentamicin-Induced Renal Toxicity in Rats

Aim: This study evaluated the nephroprotective effect of methanol extract of Hymenocardia acida leaves in rat model of gentamicin induced renal damage.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Twenty- four (24) Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing 150- 200g were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each; Group I served as the control and received normal saline, Group II- IV received gentamicin (40 mg/kg, i.p), Groups III and IV also received 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt., p.o methanol extract of Hymenocardia acida leaves respectively for 15 days. Body weight measurement, serum urea, creatinine, electrolytes analyses and histopathological examination of kidney were carried out.&#x0D; Results: Gentamicin treatment caused nephrotoxicity as evidenced by marked elevation in Serum urea, creatinine, decreased sodium and chloride ions, elevated serum level of potassium ion and pathological signs such as congestion, focal areas of inflammation, tubular necrosis, and glomerular atrophy. Administration of the extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/ body wt significantly (p&lt; 0.05) decreased Creatinine and urea levels, significantly (p&lt; 0.05) increased sodium and chloride ion and significantly (p&lt; 0.05) decreased potassium ion level when compared to the gentamicin- alone- treated group. Histopathological analysis also revealed a gradual reversal of the pathological features caused by gentamicin toxicity.&#x0D; Conclusion: It was concluded that the extract possesses nephroprotective potential.

Protective Role of Aerial Parts of Silene villosa Alcoholic Extract Against CCl4-Induced Cardiac and Renal Toxicity in Rats

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Experimental Researches on the Effects of Some Antibiotics on Carrageenan-induced Rat Paw Inflamation

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of some antibiotics on hepatic and renal integrity in rats with acute paw inflammation. Acute inflammation was induced after sub-plantar administration of carrageenan in rats. The substances: prednisone (PDN), indomethacin (IND), cefotaxime (CEF), gentamicin (GEN) and sulfamethoxazole (SMT) were injected intraperitoneally, 30 min before carrageenan administration. Saline was intra-paw administered in control group. Prednisone and indomethacin were injected in a single daily dose, and the antibiotics every 12 hours, during 3 days. Specific biochemical parameters, liver and kidney tissues were examined after 3, 24 and 72 hours. Experimental protocol was conducted according to the recommendation of our University Committee for Research and Ethical Issues. The use of GEN, SMT and CEF resulted in exacerbation of hepatic enzymes activity, increasing in serum creatinine, blood urea and uric acid levels, statistically significant comparing with control group. Histopathological examination revealed the alteration of liver and kidney architecture in groups treated with GEN and SMT. The effects of GEN were more accentuated than those of SMT and CEF. The treatment with GEN and SMT manifested hepatic and renal toxicity in rats with experimental carrageenan-induced acute paw inflammation.

An updated weight of evidence approach for deriving a health-based guidance value for 4-nonylphenol.

4-Nonylphenol (NP) is a persistent estrogen-active compound. Human exposure to NP is primarily through water and food. Although risk assessments of NP have been conducted by the European Union and a few other countries, only the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, in 2000, proposed a tolerable daily intake of 0.005mgkg-1 body weight (bw) day-1 . New data have been accumulated since then, prompting an update on the risk assessment of NP. A weight of evidence approach is recommended for use in scientific assessments by several agencies, e.g., European Food Safety Authority, etc. Based on the results of a weight of evidence approach, two methods were used to derive the health-based guidance value (HBGV) for NP in this study, namely a no observed adverse effects level/lowest observable adverse effect level method, and a benchmark dose method. Considering the considerable uncertainty of benchmark dose model fitting of the available data, a tolerable daily intake value of 0.025mgkg-1 bw day-1 was derived as a provisional HBGV for NP based on the lowest observable adverse effect level value of 15mgkg-1 bw day-1 of the renal toxicity in rats, together with the uncertainty factor of 600. However, the HBGV of NP still needs further investigation.

Effect of Nigella sativa against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats

In this study, the gross composition and mineral content of Nigella sativa seed powder (NSP) and fatty acid composition of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) were investigated. The ability of NSP, extract (NSE) and NSO in reducing the effects of cisplatin-induced renal toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats were examined. The obtained results showed that NSP contains high amounts of carbohydrates, protein, and fiber while NSO has higher amounts of linoleicacid, oleic acid, and myristic acid. Rats treated with NSP, NSO, and NSE exhibitedreducedserum levels of urea, creatinine, and potassium, and a significant increase of Na, Na/K, vitamin D, nutritional markers, and antioxidant enzymes compared to the cisplatin-induced renal toxicity group receiving no Nigella sativa seed treatment. This study determined that all powder, oil, and extracts of N. sativa contain potent bioactive components that may aid in treatment against cisplatininduced renal toxicity in rats.