Renal Hydatid Cyst Research Articles

Renal Hydatid Cyst in Children: A Case Report

The hydatid cyst, or hydatidosis, is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the development of the larval form of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm in humans after accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs, which hatch into oncospheres and transform into hydatid cysts. Renal hydatid cyst is extremely rare in children. The positive diagnosis relies on epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and biological arguments. The standard treatment remains surgery. We report the case of a 5-year-old male child hospitalized for an isolated renal hydatid cyst fistulized into the urinary tract, revealed by lumbalgia and hydatiduria with a proteus mirabilis urinary infection on the cytobacteriological examination of urine. Paraclinical examinations, including ultrasound and uro-CT -scan, aided in diagnosis. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of renal hydatidosis. Management was conservative surgical, with partial pericystectomy performed in our patient, resulting in a favorable outcome.

Renal Hydatid Cyst

Renal hydatid cysts are a rare manifestation of echinococcosis, especially in pediatric cases. Diagnosis can be challenging, and delayed diagnosis may lead to larger cysts, increasing the risk of complications and the potential need for nephrectomy. Here, we present a case of a renal hydatid cyst in a pediatric patient, emphasizing the rarity of such cases in this age group. We discuss the diagnostic approach, highlighting the importance of early recognition and treatment to avoid the need for nephrectomy and to improve patient outcomes

Atypical presentation of an ancient retroperitoneal schwannoma mimicking a renal hydatid cyst: a case report and literature review

Schwannomas are benign neurogenic encapsulated peripheral nerve tumors of Schwann cells that rarely occur in the retroperitoneum. We present a case of a 22-year-old man who presented with right flank pain and was initially diagnosed as hydatid cyst based on the imaging and borderline results of anti-echinococcus (IgG). Albendazole was prescribed and taken for 4 months with no response and later underwent surgical excision of the mass. The diagnosis and morphology confirmed the nature of the schwannoma. Complete surgical excision remains the gold standard for the management of these tumors. The preoperative diagnosis is usually difficult; however, the definitive diagnosis is made upon histopathological examination.Author name: Please confirm if the author name are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 4 Given name: Asad Shahzad, Last name: Hasan.correct

Primary Hydatid Cysts in Rare Sites: A Series of Four Cases

Hydatid disease is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The definitive hosts include dogs and canines. Humans are accidental hosts and do not play a role in the biological cycle of the worm. The mode of infection is through ingesting food contaminated with dog feces containing gravid proglottids and free eggs, which hatch in the intestine and form larvae. The larvae then penetrate the intestinal wall, enter the bloodstream, and typically settle in the liver followed by the lungs. However, in rare instances, hydatid cysts can occur in various unusual sites throughout the body and even in a disseminated manner, leading to atypical clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges. Hereby, authors report a series of four cases (three males and one female) of hydatid cysts occurring at unusual sites, mainly the brain, kidney, spleen, and lung. The common age group among the observed cases was the second to fourth decade, showing a male predominance. In cases of splenic and renal hydatid cysts, patients presented with intermittent dull aching pain over the left and right flanks, respectively. In both cases, ultrasonography revealed the presence of multiple cysts in the spleen and kidney. In the case of cerebral hydatid cysts, the patient provided a history of short-term memory loss along with a few non specific symptoms, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed a hyperintense cystic lesion. In pulmonary hydatid cysts, the patient presented with symptoms of cough, dyspnoea, chest pain, and expectoration. X-ray examination supported the presence of the cyst. Surgery, preferably radical cystectomy, is considered for treatment, and the diagnosis is always confirmed by histopathology.

Isolated Renal Hydatid Cysts in Children: A Systematic Review of Case Reports

Background: Echinococcosis is a zoonotic tapeworm infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus, occasionally affecting humans. The larval infection most commonly affects the liver and lungs and very rarely the kidneys. Objective: The present systematic review compiles data regarding clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities, management strategies and recurrences in children with isolated renal hydatid cysts. Methods: A comprehensive search was done in major databases PubMed and Google Scholar using defined search terms encompassing case reports or case series on isolated renal hydatid cysts in children. The identified reports underwent screening by three different authors for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The median (range) age at presentation of isolated renal hydatid disease was 10 (6) years with female preponderance (52.7%). Most common presenting symptom and sign were abdominal pain (64.8%) and palpable abdominal mass (56.7%), respectively. Ultrasonography (94.5%) was most common diagnostic method. Patients were primarily managed with surgical interventions (95.5%) and only 2/37 were managed solely by medical management for a median duration of 3.5 weeks. Laparoscopic cystectomy was the most commonly used surgical procedure (45.9%). Recurrence was observed to be rare, seen in only 3 cases. Conclusion: Hydatid cysts need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of renal cysts. Radiological evaluation with pathological confirmation enables diagnosis. Surgery combined with adjuvant anti-parasitic chemotherapy is used to treat the condition.

Renal hydatid disease mimicking as renal calculi in a child- A rare presentation

Hydatid disease is a common ailment requiring surgical intervention which mostly affects liver [65%] and lungs [25%], but can rarely occur in brain, bones, spleen, muscles and kidneys. In children, however, renal involvement is even rarer, constituting only 1.9% of all cases. One such very rare case presented to our institute. A 2 year old child presented with complaints of pain abdomen and whitish discharge during micturition accompanied with fever since 5 months. CT (Computed Tomography) Urography was suggestive of bilateral hydronephrosis with right staghorn calculus and left upper ureteric calculus. Surprisingly on exploration of right renal pelvis, cyst like material which looked like hydatid was found and the cortex was normal. The cysts were carefully removed and sent for histopathological examination which confirmed diagnosis of renal hydatid cysts. The patient was discharged on oral anti helmintics and is on regular follow up and doing well. The aim of this case report is to highlight that even one of the most relied upon investigations -- radiological examination can miss the diagnosis of renal hydatid and misdiagnose it as renal stones. Thus, renal hydatid disease must be kept in mind in a child having whitish discharge in urine, especially in countries like India where it is an endemic. • Renal hydatid disease misdiagnosed as renal stones on contrast enhanced computed tomography. • Cyst lke material found on exploration of renal pelvis. • Usually renal hydatid involves renal cortex but in our case only renal pelvic involvement was seen and renal cortex found to be spared.

Isolated giant renal hydatid cyst with a simple renal cyst appearance: a case report

BackgroundIsolated renal hydatid cysts of the kidney are a rare occurrence that account for about 2–3% of all hydatidoses. They can stay asymptomatic for years and could have a variable presentation on imaging techniques, which results in a challenging diagnostic process.Case presentationWe report a 22-year-old Caucasian male with a large cyst on the upper pole of the left kidney that had no septations nor membrane calcifications on computed tomography, which led to mistakenly considering it a simple renal cyst. The true diagnosis was identified intraoperatively and proven postoperatively by pathology.ConclusionsThis case highlights the importance of keeping echinococcosis in mind when treating suspected renal cysts and tumors to avoid incorrect treatment and possible content spillage, anaphylaxis, and peritoneal dissemination.

ISOLATED RENAL HYDATID CYST PRESENTING AS CYSTIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

Introduction and objectives: Hydatid cyst/cystic echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stages of echinococcus granulosus .Denitive hosts are wild and domestic canine.Humans are aberrant intermediate hosts .2-4 % of such cases have Renal involvement. Isolated Kidney involvement is extremely rare (1.9%) and can mimic cystic RCC clinically and radiologically. Herein we discuss how to differentiate between Hydatid cyst and RCC and the management thereafter. Methods: Patient based in Tamil Nadu was admitted and worked up using various imaging tools such as USG, CT Scan and nally nephrectomy was done for histopathological analysis of the sample to conrm the diagnosis. Results: Based on past evidences and in the present patient, nephrectomy has to be carried to conrm and differentiate between the differential diagnosis of Cystic RCC and Isolated Renal Hydatid Cyst. Histopathological analysis of the specimen conrmed the same In spite of Conclusion: characteristic picture of cystic Echinococcosis on imaging isolated renal hydatid cyst is a very rare lesion and hence maybe misdiagnosed as a renal tumor. It should be considered a renal tumor until proven otherwise. Nephron sparing surgery is the primary treatment for isolated Renal Hydatid Cyst but Nephrectomy is warranted preoperatively misdiagnosed large cystic lesions and high grade lesions and for lesions involving collecting system.

A Case of Renal Hydatid Cyst in a 55-Year-Old Female

The hydatid cyst is a frequent pathology in India. Liver is commonly involved (65%) followed by lungs (25%); muscles (5%); bones (3%) [1]. However, renal hydatid cyst is still rare. It constitutes about 2.5 % of all localizations. It may create diagnostic dilemma at times. We describe a 55-year-old female with left renal hydatid disease managed with enucleation of cyst with nephron sparing surgery (NSS).

Recurrence of Renal Hydatid Cyst

Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, transferred through the oral-fecal pathway by eating vegetables and food contaminated with dog stool containing eggs of the parasite. Hydatid cyst is most commonly found in the liver; however, dissemination can occur in other organs such as the lung and rarely in the heart, breast, thyroid, soft tissue of the neck, and kidney. The surgical approach remains the treatment of choice in hydatid. Meticulous handling of hydatid is important preoperatively and care should be taken against spillage of the contents and daughter cysts. In this case report, we report a case of recurrence of renal hydatidosis.

A simple score for predicting urinary fistula in patients with renal hydatid cysts

ABSTRACT Hydatid cyst is a major health problem in developing countries. The kidney is in third position of organs affected by hydatid cyst. One of the complications of renal hydatid cyst is a urinary fistula. The purpose of this study is to identify preoperative predictive factors of urinary fistula in renal hydatid cyst and to develop a scoring system for this disorder. We retrospectively analyzed all patients operated for renal hydatid cysts between January 2000 and December 2020. We divided our patients into two groups according to whether or not the renal hydatid cysts opened in the urinary tract. Predictive factors of the presence of a urinary fistula have been studied to obtain a simple score to predict the presence of a urinary fistula. Differences were considered significant if p < 0.05. Urinary fistula was detected in 33 of 96 patients. Univariate analyses showed significant differences in patient age, cyst size, location, hydaturia, eosinophil count, and platelet count between patients with and without urinary fistula. In multivariate analyses, hydaturia (p < 0.005), eosinophil count >500/mm3, (p = 0.01), cyst diameter >5 cm (p = 0.02), and upper or lower renal pole location (p = 0.003) were significant and independent predictors of urinary fistula. A score was developed to predict the opening of the cyst in the urinary tract. The total score varies between 0 and 15. The resulting area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.798 (95% CI, 0.726–0.866; p = 0.023). At a cutoff point ≥8, the specificity achieved was 100%. Preoperative detection and management of urinary fistula are important issues in the treatment of renal hydatid cyst. Developing a scoring system based on routinely measured laboratory and radiologic factors will help the clinician to manage patients with renal hydatid cysts. External studies are needed to validate this new scoring system in routine clinical practice.

Renal Hydatid Cyst Mimicking Renal Cell Carcinoma; A Case Report

Renal hydatid cyst is a rare entity as compared to hepatic hydatid cyst. However, literature manifests case reports of renal hydatid cysts. The establishment of diagnosis becomes difficult in non-endemic areas. The tumour is well-considered on clinical examination and radiological investigations for this condition. We presented a case of renal hydatid cyst in a 45-yearsold male patient who presented with hematuria and was labelled as renal cell carcinoma clinically and radiologically. However, histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of renal hydatid cyst.

Renal hydatid cyst mimicked cystic renal cell carcinoma: A case report

AbstractHydatid cyst (HC) is a zoonotic parasitic disease in agricultural and pastoral areas while renal involvement without liver and lung hydatid is both less common in clinical practice and rarely described in literature. We present a case of a 40‐year‐old male from Xinjiang who complained of flank pain in the right with oliguria. Robot‐assisted laparoscopic exploration, conversion to open laparotomy and excision of internal capsule in right kidney were performed. Finally, a typical renal HC was diagnosed after complementary examinations. Isolated renal HC is very rare and can be misinterpreted as a cystic renal cell carcinoma pre‐operatively.

Long-standing Renal Hydatid Cyst Mimicking an Angiomyolipoma: A Rare Case Report

Primary hydatid cyst of the kidney is very rare and accounts for 1-4% of all hydatid disease. Authors hereby reports an unusual case of an isolated, long-standing renal hydatid cyst, mimicking an angiomyolipoma on imaging. A 72-year-old female, from a rural area, presented with pain in the right flank since two years. She also complained of mild fever off and on, since one year. A 10×10 cm, non tender lump was palpated in the right flank. Ultrasonography and computerised tomography showed a large rightsided renal mass measuring 10 cms and a diagnosis of angiomyolipoma was rendered. A right sided open/simple nephrectomy was done. The kidney was large, cystic, firm and was sent for histopathological examination. On gross examination, a large, unilocular, thick- walled, cystic lesion was seen. Cut-surface showed heterogeneous, creamy coloured necrotic contents, with few nodular gelatinous masses. On microscopy, characteristic acellular, laminated structure of the ectocyst of Echinococcus granulosus was seen. Extensive calcification and ossification of the cyst wall with bone marrow production was also seen. Contents of the cyst were necrotic and no daughter cysts were seen. Adipose tissue of the bone marrow was mistaken on imaging for the lipomatous component of an angiomyolipoma. Isolated renal hydatid cyst is very uncommon and though active hydatid cysts do have characteristic radiological findings, they can be misdiagnosed as a benign renal tumours. Renal cysts or abscesses. Old cases show degenerative changes as well as calcification and are difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Surgical treatment of renal hydatid cyst depends on the size, number of cysts, exact intrarenal location and residual renal function.

A Prospective Evaluation of Laparoscopic Management of Renal Hydatidosis: Our Experience

Introduction: Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease affecting various organs like liver, lungs, spleen or rarely kidneys, caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Its presentation may be atypical leading to diagnostic and management difficulties. A high index of suspicion for hydatid disease should be maintained while evaluating complex cystic renal masses. Accurate diagnosis of primary renal hydatid disease is difficult in spite of latest imaging modalities. With the technological advancements and increasing experience in laparoscopy, nowadays renal hydatid disease has been reported to be managed by transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach. Objective/Aim: To present a prospective evaluation of renal hydatidosis managed laparoscopically. Material Methods: All 22 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic management of renal hydatid disease from August 2019 to July 2021. Prior to surgery all patients were preoperatively evaluated with CT urography. All patients were operated with total laparoscopic transperitoneal route by standard three ports as for renal surgery. Patients demographic and perioperative data were recorded prospectively and analysed. Outcome measures were demographic data, perioperative data, complications and follow-up at 12 months. Results: The mean operative time was 190.3 minutes and average blood loss was 180.4 ml in our study. There were 4 cases converted to open method in our study. There were 7 cases managed with cyst excision, 3 cases managed with cyst deroofing and marsupilisation, 9 cases required pericystectomy and 3 cases required nephrectomy as there was no salvageable parenchyma in our study. Conclusion: Laparoscopic treatment of renal hydatid cyst is safe, feasible and effective due to its advantages to open surgery, if surgical expertise is available. It can minimize morbidity, as surgery is the treatment of choice.

A Case Report of Renal Hydatid Cyst in a 16-Year-Old Patient in Bonab, Iran

Introduction: Hydatidosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Most cases of hydatid cysts have been reported from the liver and lungs. This study reported a case of a renal hydatid cyst in a 16-year-old patient. Case Report: The patient was a 16-year-old boy from Bonab, East Azerbaijan province, who presented to the physician due to pain in the right side during urination. The CT scan showed a 34×41 mm cystic mass calcified in the middle of the right kidney. The patient underwent surgery successfully, and pathological findings confirmed the existence of cysts. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that the age of the renal hydatid cyst is decreasing and can be considered as many problems for the health of children and society, and any organ of the body can be attacked with E. granulosus. Therefore, the hydatid cyst should be suspected by observing any adhesive space in the kidney. The calcified hydatid cyst has been rarely reported in a 16-year-old boy.

Isolated large renal hydatid cyst treated by laparoscopic nephrectomy

Hydatid disease is caused by Echinococcus granulosus, which causes rare isolated presentation in the kidneys, and is estimated to be about 2-4% of all cases. We herein present a case of a 45-year-old symptomatic male patient with a large primary hydatid cyst in the left kidney that was treated successfully by laparoscopic left nephrectomy.

Insertion of Trocar into the Cyst for Laparoscopic Management of Hydatid Kidney Disease

Abstract Introduction: Renal hydatid cyst operation is usually performed laparoscopically.1–3 In the laparoscopic treatment of the liver hydatid cysts' various methods of entry and drainage are use...

Retrospective analysis of isolated renal hydatid cysts: A single-center study

Background/Aim: Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus larvae settling in organs through blood and lymph circulation. Hydatid cysts are often observed in the liver and lungs, and isolated renal involvement is extremely rare. In this study, we aimed to evaluate patients who were diagnosed with an isolated renal hydatid cyst and treated in our clinic. Methods: In this case series, the data of patients with renal hydatid cysts, who presented to our clinic between January 2010 and April 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Only patients with an isolated renal hydatid cyst were included in the study. Demographic data, clinical findings, laboratory findings, indirect hemagglutination test results, radiological findings, treatment methods, complications and follow-up processes of the patients were evaluated. Results: Eighteen patients (11 males and 7 females) were included in the study. The mean age and cyst diameter of the patients were 29.6 years and 9.2 cm, respectively. Reasons for hospital admission included flank pain (38.9%), palpable mass (22.2%), incidental (16.6%), abdominal pain (11.1%), nausea (5.5%) and hematuria (5.5%). Seropositivity in the indirect hemagglutination test was detected in was detected in 61.1%. Fourteen and four of the patients underwent cystectomy and nephrectomy, respectively. No major postoperative complications were observed in any of the patients. The mean follow-up period was 27 months, during which no local and renal recurrence were observed. Conclusion: Although hydatid cysts are most observed in the liver and lungs, they may also be observed in other organs, especially the kidney. The primary treatment for a renal hydatid cyst should be kidney-sparing surgery. Additionally, albendazole treatment is should be recommended pre- and post-operatively to reduce the risk of inoculation and recurrence.

Renal hydatidosis masquerading as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: a new case report

Human hydatid disease is still endemic in pastoral and rangeland areas, with temperate climate, mainly in the southern shore of the Mediterranean, particularly in the Maghreb countries. Renal localization is rare although it is the most frequent site of the urinary tract. Its clinical evolution remains silent for long time, and the diagnosis is often elusive for years. Renal hydatid cysts may pose a problem of differential diagnosis. Our case concerns a renal hydatidosis misdiagnosed as a xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, treated by total nephrectomy.