Scientific Renaissance Research Articles

موقف الفقه الإسلامی من تحدید نوع الجنین

تطورت العلوم والمعارف في شتى مجالات الحياة تطورا هائلا ومن أکثر هذه العلوم تطورا (علم الطب) الذي يرتبطارتباطاوثيقا بشريعة الإسلام الغراء، فما نکاد نسمع بموضوع من موضوعاته إلا ووجدناه في حاجة إلى رأي الشارع فيه لبيان حکمه من حل أو حرمه. وفي هذا البحث أتناول قضية مهمة جدا وهي رأي الشرع في العمليات الطبية التي يلجأ إليها البعض لتحديد نوع الجنين ذکرا أو أنثى، أو اختيار نوع معين من الأجنة وترک النوع الآخر؛ لتجنب ولادة طفل به بعض الأمراض الوراثية التي من الممکن أن تنتقل إليه من أبيه أو أمه. وبيان موقف الفقه الإسلامي من هذا العمل والأحکام والضوابط المتعلقة به. الکلمات المفتاحية: اختيار نوع الجنين – ويعلم ما في الأرحام –الإجهاض – التلقيح الصناعي. The position of Islamic jurisprudence to determine the type of fetus By: Prof. Zaid Marzouk Abdul Mohsen Alwesais Associate Professor, Department of Basic Education Islamic Studies at the Public Authority for Applied Education ZaidMarzouk@gmail.com Abstract: Praise be to Allaah. Creator of the heavens and the earth and the creator of all the pairs،which we know and what we do not know. He says in his Holy Book: we shall fast in the womb what we desire for an appointed term،then we will bring forth a child to you. ) And pray and be safe on the elite of his creation،the best of the lights and the lamp of darkness،the mercy of the gift،and the grace of Muhammad bin Abdullah and his family and his companions and those who followed them in charity to the day of religion. And after science and knowledge in various fields of life have developed tremendously،we hardly look at any of these areas،but we have a prominent role to play in science. The most important science is influenced by this scientific renaissance science of medicine) which directly affects man from the beginning of his formation to the end of his life. His subjects،like others،are closely related to the Islamic law of Islam. To the view of the street in which to indicate his ruling on a solution or his sanctity. One of the most prominent topics that emerged in this science is an attempt to determine the type of the fetus and the resulting divergence of ideas and their ramifications،conflicts of opinion and diversity،and differences of scholars between the analyst and the haraam، Optional reasons for this topic: I have chosen (the position of Islamic jurisprudence to determine the type of fetus) subject of this research for the following reasons: First: My desire to be exposed to this contemporary issue of concern to the Muslim family،but to the whole world Keywords: Selection of the type of fetus - and knows what in the wombs - abortion - artificial insemination.

Openness of the Expert Musician to Innovations to Introduce Civilizations Specifics of the Musical Excellence

The aim of the research is to highlight both the mechanism of thinking and general psychological principles of creativity as part of the musicians` activity initiative. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in art studies, through the comparison of observations of experts and understanding of apperception (the process in which the elements of consciousness become clear), on which the Renaissance scientists formulated the term Dialogics as the law of the author’s discovery, the concept of creative roll is declared as an active prolongation of psychological pattern for the expert to be ready for innovations to combine the experience of a professional tradition with action motivation quoted by society. Methodology of the research has been analytical, comparative-historical and psychological-orientational approaches, which allowed by comparison establishing the similarity and the difference between historical phenomena in ensuring the interaction of scientific-creative and artistic and poetic decisions in the activities of the expert musician as essentially similar fields of activity and further development of this concept. In addition, the method of art style comparative art as a mechanism of artistic thinking is used, which prompts an active search to create new samples of creative and pedagogical activity and to choose the most effective methods among them. Conclusions. It is proved that the mechanism of artistic thinking inspires the expert musician and a teacher for active search, to create new samples of creative and pedagogical activity and to choose among them the most effective ones. However, its implementation in the creative product depends not only on individual intentions, but also on the external-social circumstances that determine the extent and direction of the implementation of individual needs in the independent targeting of the expert musician. It is the latter, together with the accumulation of experience, in accordance with the law of the Renaissance Dialogics, that designed to introduce the expert into an active search, where the innovative specificity of creative discovery is a result. Thus, the musician’s readiness to innovate in professional activity is defined as a stable new formation in the structure of the musician personality, which manifests itself in the direction of his actions for the continuous improvement, optimization and restoration of professional activity, realized in teaching, development and education both personal and for students.

The Alzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative.

Precision medicine (PM) is an evolving scientific renaissance movement implementing key breakthrough technological and scientific advances to overcome the limitations of traditional symptom- and sign-based phenotypic diagnoses and clinical "one-size-fits-all, magic bullet drug development" in these largely heterogeneous target populations. It is a conceptual shift from ineffective treatments for biologically heterogeneous "population averages" to individually-tailored biomarker-guided targeted therapies. PM is defining which therapeutic approach will be the most effective for a specific individual, at a determined disease stage, across multiple medical research fields, including neuroscience, neurology and psychiatry. The launch of the Alzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative (APMI) and its associated cohort program in 2016-facilitated by the academic core coordinating center run by the Sorbonne University Clinical Research Group in Alzheimer Precision Medicine (Sorbonne University GRC n°21 APM)"-is geared at transforming healthcare, conventional clinical diagnostics, and drug development research in Alzheimer's disease. Ever since the commencement of the APMI, the international interdisciplinary research network has introduced groundbreaking translational neuroscience programs on the basis of agnostic exploratory genomics, systems biology, and systems neurophysiology applying innovative "big data science", including breakthrough artificial intelligence-based algorithms. Here, we present the scientific breakthrough advances and the pillars of the theoretical and conceptual development leading to the APMI.

الخلفیة العلمیة للقیم فی التراث الإسلامی The Scientific Background of Values in Islamic Tradition

الخلفیة العلمیة للقیم فی التراث الإسلامی The Scientific Background of Values in Islamic Tradition

The Hunt In Arabic Poetry: From Heroic to Lyric to Metapoetic

The Hunt In Arabic Poetry: From Heroic to Lyric to Metapoetic

COGNITIVE AND ONTOLOGICAL ESSENCE OF AXIOLOGICAL DOMINANTS AND PRINCIPLES OF THEIR TAXONOMY IN DIACHRONIC AND SYNCHRONIC REVIEW

The article provides a critical outline of elucidation of the cognitive and ontological essence of axiological dominants with the representatives of different cultures of language and a definition of the principles of their taxonomy in diachronic and synchronic review. The author makes a hypothesis that philosophical and axiological thoughts on this matter have not been homogeneous as in diachronic sense of its study (in particular, in the ancient world, the Middle Ages and Modern period etc.) so as in synchronic segment. It is proved that despite the ancient philosophers’ efforts such major value concepts as “Truth”, “Good”, “Beauty”, “Benefit” were left without clear understanding. Thus, they were not differentiated. The attempts of philosophical categorisation and conceptualisation remained to be undertaken by Renaissance scientists and thinkers. However, the notion “value” gets its philosophic status only in the Modern period, which was critical for the development of values taxonomy. The article argues that only after establishment of axiology as an independent philosophical doctrine it was possible to articulate four fundamental principles of the values structure: ontological, which makes it possible to explain scientifically the existential localisation of values and their correlation to human existence; gnoseological (or cognitive), with the help of which we experience values and necessity to study their correlation on the basis of both formalised principle, which is used for general rules of taxonomic hierarchy of values, and conceptual principle, which reveals the essence of values and determines their place in the defined hierarchy. The researcher introduces a new ethnosemiometric vector of axiological issues development directly within linguistics, which will enable to assess axiological dominants with the representatives of different cultures of language relying on the given values taxonomy and values hierarchy.

„Vergiss nicht zu danken“

Positive psychology has brought gratitude to the focus of its research in recent years. Starting out from this scientific renaissance of gratitude, the article presents transcendent gratitude beyond the sphere of the interhuman. The related functionality of Christian theism is made visible without passing potentially dysfunctional aspects.

About this title ‐ New Perspectives on Pterosaur Palaeobiology

Pterosaurs, the first vertebrates to evolve powered flight, are undergoing a long-running scientific renaissance that has seen sustained, and even elevated interest, from several generations of palaeontologists. These incredible reptiles are known from every continent, flew the Mesozoic skies for at least 160 million years, diversified into more than a dozen major clades and well over 100 species, and included the largest flying animals of all time. This volume brings together leading pterosaur researchers from around the globe to discuss new and cutting-edge research into various aspects of pterosaur palaeobiology and presents diverse papers to deliver new insights on flying reptile palaeoecology, flight, ontogeny, skeletal and soft-tissue anatomy, temporal and spatial distribution and evolution, as well as revisions of their taxonomy and interrelationships.

New perspectives on pterosaur palaeobiology

Abstract Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to evolve powered flight and occupied the skies of the Mesozoic for 160 million years. They occurred on every continent, evolved their incredible proportions and anatomy into well over 100 species, and included the largest flying animals of all time among their ranks. Pterosaurs are undergoing a long-running scientific renaissance that has seen elevated interest from a new generation of palaeontologists, contributions from scientists working all over the world and major advances in our understanding of their palaeobiology. They have especially benefited from the application of new investigative techniques applied to historical specimens and the discovery of new material, including detailed insights into their fragile skeletons and their soft tissue anatomy. Many aspects of pterosaur science remain controversial, mainly due to the investigative challenges presented by their fragmentary, fragile fossils and notoriously patchy fossil record. With perseverance, these controversies are being resolved and our understanding of flying reptiles is increasing. This volume brings together a diverse set of papers on numerous aspects of the biology of these fascinating reptiles, including discussions of pterosaur ecology, flight, ontogeny, bony and soft tissue anatomy, distribution and evolution, as well as revisions of their taxonomy and relationships.

John H. Meiser

John H. Meiser, 78, died on Aug. 10 in Muncie, Ind. “John was a beloved educator at Ball State University for 46 years. He was also coauthor of the landmark Laidler and Meiser “Physical Chemistry” textbook, translated into several languages through its multiple editions and used worldwide. John also coauthored several general chemistry books. He conducted research at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and Argonne National Laboratory. John was a true Renaissance scientist with a zest for life and an insatiable curiosity and unparalleled wanderlust. He traveled across six continents and was an avid aviation enthusiast. He was deeply religious and a dedicated teacher, researcher, mentor, and colleague. His personality was a blend of Sheldon Cooper, MacGyver, and Yoda.”—James Rybarczyk, friend and colleague Most recent title: professor emeritus, Ball State University Education: B.S., chemistry, Xavier University, 1961; Ph.D., physical chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 1966 Survivors: wife, Enya Flores-Meiser;...

The motives of neighboring Makkah in the first Abbasid era

The research in our hands is concerned with studying the motives of the neighborhood of Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the first Abbasid era, which were numerous due to the political developments that that era witnessed and the cultural and scientific renaissance that left its clear imprints on Islamic civilization. And these motives had an active role in the neighborhood of many neighbors in Makkah Al-Mukarramah in the first Abbasid era, and this research was divided into two axes, the first axis specialized in studying what the neighborhood is

Ahmed H. Zewail (1946-2016).

A Nobel laureate, who pioneered femtochemistry, promoted a scientific renaissance in the Middle East

Obituary: Arthur L. Koch:Arthur L. Koch

Arthur L. Koch, 90, passed away on May 10, 2016, from Alzheimer's Disease. Arthur has been described as “one of the true Renaissance scientists of the past several decades.” He published on diverse topics, including metabolic rates and cell growth, antibiotic resistance, cellular evolution, gliding motility, bacterial growth and division, bacterial shape, solute transport, bacterial light scattering, adaptive responses of bacteria, the interferon dose response curve, and even problems faced by migrating sea turtles! His last paper, from 2008, is on “Stone-Age Diseases and Modern AIDS.”

A Neapolitan miracle

The Italian scientific renaissance, that started when the Second World War was drawing to a close and reached its apex early in the Sixties — is widely discussed in literature. But there is also a second, maybe less visible but not less important renaissance in the Italian scientific world of the Fifties and Sixties: the Neapolitan renaissance, in which biophysics plays an important role.

Interpretation of the news qualities of Sharif Al-Radi, a study in his Quranic and prophetic metaphors

Al-Sharif Al-Radi is considered a prominent scientific figure in his era, which was marked by a scientific renaissance and replete with the presence of great giants of thinkers and scholars in various sciences, especially human and religious ones. He is an encyclopedic figure in her knowledge, so besides being one of the great poets, he had important achievements in the sciences of jurisprudence, hadith, interpretation, speech, and the arts and rhetoric of Arabic. His books (Metaphors of the Qur’an) and (Metaphors of the Prophet) are among the distinguishing signs of his scholarly achievement. Because he dealt in them with the process of revealing the true meanings and connotations of the Qur’anic and prophetic text in their inclusion of the foundations of belief and the system of legislation, and the research stopped at an issue that had its location, importance and presence in these two books; It is the interpretation of news qualities

Social Preferences of Translocated Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis Giraffa) in Senegal: Evidence for Friendship Among Females?

Abstract Giraffe social behaviour and relationships are currently in the period of scientific renaissance, changing the former ideas of nonexisting social bonds into understanding of complex social structures of giraffe herds. Different giraffe subspecies have been studied in the wild and only one was subject of detailed study in captivity. Our study focused on the neglected Cape giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa). We investigated the social preferences of 28 introduced giraffes in semi-captivity in Bandia reserve, Senegal. Our aim was to assess the group size of Cape giraffes outside their native range and describe their social relationships. Mean group size in Bandia was 7.22 ± 4.06 (range 2-17). The dyads were classified according to strength of relationship (weak, medium, strong) using the association index. We reported weak and medium relationships in all types of dyads except female-juvenile. The strongest bond was found in mother-calf dyads. Three of 21 possible female dyads also demonstrated strong relationships. Those three dyads included six of seven adult females, which we labelled as friends. Females associated more frequently with calves of their friends then with calves of non-friend females. The strength of the relationship between calves depended on the strength of relationship between their mothers. We concluded that Cape giraffes in new environment have shown similar group size and nonrandom preference for conspecifics as shown in wild and captive studies. The research was supported by CIGA 20135010, CIGA 2134217, IGA FTZ 20135123, ESF/MŠMT CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0040.

Renaissance scientists and engineers Mass, energy and informations

Renaissance scientists and engineers Mass, energy and informations

The Recovery of the Literal: Learning from the Renaissance How to Circumnavigate the Globe

In this essay, Waters highlights a characteristic of Renaissance humanism long acknowledged but always in need of renewed appreciation: the way that some people gave new attention to the literal, the minute, and the particular. The implications of this shift were so radical they turned the world upside down, making possible, even imperative to some, the overthrow of monarchs; the circumnavigation of a globe, the roundness of which had not been until then fully grasped; closer inspection of the heavens; and the reading of the text of the Bible and other key documents, such as The Donation of Constantine. Waters claims that what was at stake was a shift from medieval holism as a frame of mind to modern atomism. He goes to the heart of the positive and the negative sides to the development of what he calls “bitsiness,” the systematic emphasis on the literal and the particular, by giving an account of what it was like for him as a person who had grown up in an orthodox Catholic family in America in the second half of the twentieth century to suddenly find himself, in reading Milton, to be living in a world where bitsiness was the rule. He had to learn to read things literally, not allegorically, to circumnavigate his world just as Renaissance scientists, poets, and explorers had. Renaissance humanism gave him tools, spiritual exercises, for learning to train his attention to the words on the page and to stop seeing them through a distorting haze.

Science in South Africa: The dawn of a renaissance?

This article reports the findings of a scientometric analysis of South Africa’s research performance during the period 2000–2010. A multitude of government incentives were introduced during the period and their effects have appeared in the country’s research outputs. In contrast to earlier investigations, it was found that South Africa’s world share of publications is on the verge of reaching the highest contribution ever. South Africa improved its international ranking by two positions during 2000–2010 and was ranked 33rd in the world during 2010. It is argued that, provided the plan of the Minister of Science and Technology to increase the research and development expenditure in the country materialises, South Africa may be on the verge of a scientific renaissance.

Emerging technologies in orthopaedics: Are we ready for the challenge?

Emerging technologies in orthopaedics: Are we ready for the challenge?