Remusatia Vivipara Research Articles

Rapid detection of oxalotrophic endophytic bacteria by colony PCR from Colocasia esculenta and Remusatia vivipara

Oxalate degradation by bacteria has medical and environmental applications, specifically the presence of oxalate degrading enzymes. Novel oxalotrophic bacteria are being increasingly studied as potential probiotic candidates directed towards the management of kidney stone diseases. In this study, oxalate tolerating/degrading bacteria were isolated as endophytes from Colocasia esculenta and Remusatia vivipara leaf samples. A set of degenerate primers were used to detect frc and oxc genes in the oxalotrophic endophytic bacteria and optimized to detect through colony PCR. The obtained results allowed for the detection of frc and oxc genes in seven endophytic bacteria and results were well correlated with In-Vitro oxalate tolerance and degradation assays. A rapid and sensitive colony PCR assay was developed for the detection of frc and oxc genes in oxalotrophic endophytic bacteria.

Formulation and Development of Metoprolol Succinate Sustained Release Matrix tablet using Remusatia vivipara tubers mucilage

The purpose of this research was to formulate and evaluate sustained release tablet by using novel polymer Remusatia vivipara tubers mucilage. Currently natural gums and mucilages are being used extensively comparable to synthetic drug release modifiers. Natural plant materials possess various advantages. These are very cheap, biocompatible, biodegradable and free from side effects. In present research Metoprolol succinate matrix tablets were prepared by using Remusatia vivipara tubers mucilage. For the formulation of sustained release matrix tablets, direct compression method was used. The formulated matrix tablets were then evaluated for thickness, diameter, hardness, weight variation, friability, drug content, swelling index, in-vitro drug release and stability studies. The formulated sustained release tablet passed all tests required. The dissolution profile of prepared tablets showed sustained release of drug up to 11 hours compared to the reference tablet formulation PROLOMET XI 100. Drug release data were then fitted in to release kinetic models such as zero order kinetic, first order kinetic, Higuchi model and Korsmeyer-Peppas model to study the release pattern of drug from each formulation. The prepared sustained release tablet formulation was compared with marketed formulation (reference formulation) for drug release study and factor f1 (difference factor) and f2 (similarity factor) were determined. From this study it can be concluded that as the concentration of Remusatia vivipara mucilage increases, there is decrease in the rate of drug release from the formulation. The best formulation was found to be F3 which consists of 20% Remusatia vivipara mucilage but did not give comparable drug release profile to the reference formulation with factor f1 69.4 % and f2 34.8%. But it can be said that Remusatia vivipara gum mucilage can be used in tablet formulation to give sustained release effect up to 10 hours or in combination with other natural gum mucilage it may enhance the release retardant effect of drug up to or more than 20 hrs. The release kinetic study showed that the prepared sustained release tablet formulation shows anomalous (non-fickian) diffusion pattern and follows both diffusion controlled and swelling controlled mechanisms for drug release.

Design and development of metoprolol succinate sustained release tablet using Eulophia herbacae and Remusatia vivipara tuber mucilage as novel drug release modifiers

ABSTRACT The present research was aimed to develop Metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablet by wet granulation using novel polymersEulophia herbacae and Remusatia vivipara tuber mucilage as release retardants. The formulations were prepared using a 32 full factorial design. In the current research, two factors were tested each at three levels. The concentration of Eulophia herbacea mucilage (X1) and Remusatia vivipara mucilage (X2) were selected as independent variables, and swelling index, t75 of % cumulative drug release, and drug content were selected as dependent variables. The prepared tablets were evaluated by weight variation test, hardness, friability, swelling index, drug release, and drug content. The optimized tablet was compared with reference formulation PROLOMET XL 100. The drug release kinetics study was performed by various models. It reveals that formulation follows anomalous diffusion (non-fickian) pattern and follows both diffusion-controlled and swelling controlled mechanisms of drug release.

A Rare Medicinal Herb Remusatia Vivipara

In this current era, the demand for herbal medicines and products is increasing globally, and herbal medicines are being used traditionally as well as for the modern systems for treatment of various diseases and ailments. There are so many plants that are under research for their potential therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications, and Remusatia Vivipara is one of that rare plants belonging to the family Araceae. There are 105 Genera; more than 3300 species persist locally in tropical and sub-tropical areas and world widely. Remusatia Vivipara is commonly known as “Hitchhiker Elephant ear”. Tribal people also named it as Lalkand. The root juice of Remusatia Vivipara used on the wound to dispel any germ and worms. Remusatia Vivipara has many folkloric applications like for Inflammation and arthritis treatment, analgesic, for disinfecting the Genitourinary tract, and treatment of reddish boils. Upon hydrolysis arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, xylose, and various uronic acids are the most commonly observed components. This review is an attempt to compile all the aspects and details of plant Remusatia vivipara.

In-Vitroanti-Urolithiatic Activity of Theriophonum Minutum and Remusatia Vivipara

Kidney stone is a very common disease worldwide threat. The calcium oxalate is the important compound of calculi formation in the urinary tract. Traditional studies on use of herbal based medicinal plants for treating severe disease is satisfying its bad to advanced world . In this regard, the study was analyzed with an objective to carry out the role of Theriophonum minutum and Remusatia vivipara leaves extract in different solvents to reduce stone formation and to find out the concentration of medicinal plant extract exhibit dissolution rate of kidney stones In dissolution studies, the extract of Remusatia vivipara has greater ability to dissolve artificial calcium stones and kidney stones rather than the standard drug. Calcium oxalate crystal formation was stimulated by the sodium oxalate solutions. The effect of different extract concentration was applied to measure the dissolution rate, turbidity, nucleation aggregation assay . The extract of Theriophonum minutum and Remusatia vivipara reflected the blocking action in both of nucleation and aggregation to better level

Remusatia vivipara lectin and Sclerotium rolfsii lectin interfere with the development and gall formation activity of Meloidogyne incognita in transgenic tomato.

Root knot nematodes are serious threats to growth and yield of solaneous cropsincludingtomato. In this study, a binary vector carrying Remusatia vivipara (rvl1) and Sclerotium rolfsii (srl1) lectin genes were introduced independently into Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Pusa Ruby via Agrobacterium tumefaciens for resistance against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. In total, one hundred and one rvl1 and srl1-transformed plants exhibiting kanamycin resistance were confirmed to carry transgenes as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 4.59% transformation efficiency. Genetic analysis of T1 progeny confirmed Mendelian segregation of the introduced genes. Three events each of rvl1 and srl1 transgenic tomato were randomly selected for further confirmation by Southern and TAIL-PCR analyses. All three events of srl1 transgenics showed single copy transgene, whereas two rvl1 transgenic events showed single copy of transgene, while remaining event showed two copies of transgenes. Site of integration obtained for rvl1 and srl1 transgenic events by TAIL-PCR revealed that all the three events of rvl1 and srl1 transgenics differed for their site of integration and insertion sites did not contain any predicted gene. Moreover, expression of the rvl1 and srl1 transgenes was detected by haemagglutination assay in all three events of rvl1 and srl1, but not in non-transgenic tomato plant. Homozygous progenies of these events were grown and inoculated with M. incognita. Development and reproduction of M. incognita was severely affected in transgenic tomato plants expressing RVL1 and SRL1 exhibiting the high levels of resistance compared to non-transgenic plants. Therefore, these transgenic lines demonstrate a promising potential for variety development of tomato lines with enhanced resistance against M. incognita.

Mannose in Complex with Colocasia esculenta Tuber Agglutinin

The major tuber storage protein of Colocasia esculenta is a monocot mannose-binding, widely used, dietarylectin, for which a crystal structure was previously shown to consist of four β-prism II domains or two αβheterodimers, each forming a α2β2 heterotetramer with a symmetry related unit. In the present study, the same lectincrystallized in the presence of a 50 molar excess of free mannose, persists in forming such α2β2 heterotetramers.Lectin crystals apparently complexed to mannose were obtained by hanging-drop, vapor-diffusion method at roomtemperature and high-resolution X-ray diffraction data were collected using a home X-ray source. Using the crystalstructure of the Remusatia vivipara lectin, the structure of the complex has been solved by molecular replacementand subsequent crystallographic refinement. Five different mannose binding sites per heterodimer with partialoccupancy have been found, among which only one appears to bind close to a classical carbohydrate recognitionsite characterized earlier for these lectins. Mannose binding at these five sites is described.

High mannose N-glycan binding lectin from Remusatia vivipara (RVL) limits cell growth, motility and invasiveness of human breast cancer cells

Breast cancer known for its high metastatic potential is responsible for large mortality rate amongst women; hence it is imperative to search for effective anti-metastatic molecules despite anticancer drugs. The current study describes the potential of Remusatia vivipara lectin (RVL), inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells there by limiting motility and invasiveness. RVL binds to the cell surface glycans of MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 cells, exhibiting strong glycan mediated cytotoxic effect, but show marginal effect on non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cells. RVL elicits increased cellular stress, apoptotic vacuoles and nuclear disintegration in both MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 cells accompanied by depletion of G0/G1, S and G2/M phases. Lectin interaction induced production of reactive oxygen species through altering mitochondrial membrane potential progressing to apoptosis. Further, RVL strongly elicited reproductive cell death in MDA-MB-468 cells and showed strong inhibitory effect on neovascularization demonstrated in chorioallantoic membrane assay. Treatment of MDA-MB-468 cells with RVL, suppress the motility and invasive property as shown by scratch wound heal and Boyden chamber transwell assays respectively. These results provide an insight into significance of interaction of RVL with specific cell surface high mannose N-glycans resulting in curtailing the metastatic ability of cancer cells.

Crystal Structure of Colocasia esculenta Tuber Agglutinin at 1.74 Å Resolution and Its Quaternary Interactions

Many members of the monocot mannose-binding lectin family, characterized by specificity towards mannose have been characterized and cloned. A majority of these lectins molecules contain 1-4 polypeptides of about 110 residues each. From the previously solved crystal structures of a few such lectins, mostly from non-edible plants, these lectins are thought to possess a common β-prism II fold structure. The major tuber storage protein of Colocasia esculenta is a monocot mannose-binding, widely used, dietary lectin. This tuber agglutinin contains two polypeptides of 12.0 and 12.4 kDa by matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. By gel filtration at pH 7.2, the purified lectin has a α2β2 form of apparent molecular mass of 48.2 kDa in solution but at pH 3, it has the heterodimeric αβ form. Lectin crystals were obtained by hanging-drop, vapor-diffusion method at room temperature and high-resolution X-ray diffraction data were collected using a home X-ray source. Among previously solved crystal structures of this family are garlic, Solomon’s seal, snowdrop, daffodil and Spanish blue-bell lectins, but the protein sequence of the Colocasia esculenta tuber agglutinin was found to be closest to that of the Remusatia vivipara lectin having no simple mannose-binding property. Using the previously solved 2.4A crystal structure of the Remusatia vivipara lectin, that of Colocasia esculenta has been solved by molecular replacement and subsequent crystallographic refinement and root mean square deviations between various lectins are tabulated and rationalized. The asymmetric unit in our lectin crystal structure contains four β-prism II domains or two αβ heterodimers, each forming a α2β2 heterotetramer with a symmetry related unit. The tetrameric interface obtained from our crystal structure is used to explain the conversion to dimers in acidic pH. Five ordered magnesium ions were located in the asymmetric unit and the presence of magnesium verified by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Evaluation of Binding Property ofRemusatia vivipara(Roxb) Mucilage in Tablet Formulation

Remusatia vivipara is a common herbaceous belongs to the family of Araceae. Tubers of plant contain mucilage hence attempt to evaluate the tubers for suitability as tablet binder is considered and the present investigation repots the isolation of mucilage of Remusatia vivipara tubers. The DSC and FTIR thermograms of drug and mucilage indicated no chemical interaction. Phytochemical and Physiochemical characteristics of mucilage were studied which confirmed the mucilage nature. The mucilage was evaluated for its granulating and binding properties in compressed tablet using Metformin HCl as model drug. The granules prepared by mucilage with different concentration such as 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% were compared with starch paste, which was used as standard binder. The tablets had good physiochemical properties and the drug release was more than 95% within 24hr. It was observed that decreasing the concentration of mucilage increases hardness and the disintegration time. The tablet prepared using 1% and 3% shows drug release rate in sustained manner and that of standard binder 10% starch paste used for comparison. Remusatia vivipara mucilage could be used as a good binding agent at very low concentrations. This can be used for sustaining the drug release from tablets, since the prepared tablets produced a sticky film of hydration on the surface, which ultimately reduces drug release rate and hence it can be evaluated for its efficacy to sustain the drug release.

Identification of chloroplast genome loci suitable for high‐resolution phylogeographic studies of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott (Araceae) and closely related taxa

Recently, we reported the chloroplast genome-wide association of oligonucleotide repeats, indels and nucleotide substitutions in aroid chloroplast genomes. We hypothesized that the distribution of oligonucleotide repeat sequences in a single representative genome can be used to identify mutational hotspots and loci suitable for population genetic, phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. Using information on the location of oligonucleotide repeats in the chloroplast genome of taro (Colocasia esculenta), we designed 30 primer pairs to amplify and sequence polymorphic loci. The primers have been tested in a range of intra-specific to intergeneric comparisons, including ten taro samples (Colocasia esculenta) from diverse geographical locations, four other Colocasia species (C.affinis, C.fallax, C.formosana, C.gigantea) and three other aroid genera (represented by Remusatia vivipara, Alocasia brisbanensis and Amorphophallus konjac). Multiple sequence alignments for the intra-specific comparison revealed nucleotide substitutions (point mutations) at all 30 loci and microsatellite polymorphisms at 14 loci. The primer pairs reported here reveal levels of genetic variation suitable for high-resolution phylogeographic and evolutionary studies of taro and other closely related aroids. Our results confirm that information on repeat distribution can be used to identify loci suitable for such studies, and we expect that this approach can be used in other plant groups.

Crystal structure of a β-prism II lectin from Remusatia vivipara

The crystal structure of a β-prism II (BP2) fold lectin from Remusatia vivipara, a plant of traditional medicinal value, has been determined at a resolution of 2.4Å. This lectin (RVL, Remusatia vivipara lectin) is a dimer with each protomer having two distinct BP2 domains without a linker between them. It belongs to the "monocot mannose-binding" lectin family, which consists of proteins of high sequence and structural similarity. Though the overall tertiary structure is similar to that of lectins from snowdrop bulbs and garlic, crucial differences in the mannose-binding regions and oligomerization were observed. Unlike most of the other structurally known proteins in this family, only one of the three carbohydrate recognition sites (CRSs) per BP2 domain is found to be conserved. RVL does not recognize simple mannose moieties. RVL binds to only N-linked complex glycans like those present on the gp120 envelope glycoprotein of HIV and mannosylated blood proteins like fetuin, but not to simple mannose moieties. The molecular basis for these features and their possible functional implications to understand the different levels of carbohydrate affinities in this structural family have been investigated through structure analysis, modeling and binding studies. Apart from being the first structure of a lectin to be reported from the Araceae/Arum family, this protein also displays a novel mode of oligomerization among BP2 lectins.

Purification, characterization and molecular cloning of a monocot mannose-binding lectin from Remusatia vivipara with nematicidal activity

A mannose-binding lectin (RVL) was purified from the tubers of Remusatia vivipara, a monocot plant by single-step affinity chromatography on asialofetuin-Sepharose 4B. RVL agglutinated only rabbit erythrocytes and was inhibited by mucin, asialomucin, asialofetuin and thyroglobulin. Lectin activity was stable up to 80 degrees C and under wide range of pH (2.0-9.3). SDS-PAGE and gel filtration results showed the lectin is a homotetramer of Mr 49.5 kDa, but MALDI analysis showed two distinct peaks corresponding to subunit mass of 12 kDa and 12.7 kDa. Also the N-terminal sequencing gave two different sequences indicating presence of two polypeptide chains. Cloning of RVL gene indicated posttranslational cleavage of RVL precursor into two mature polypeptides of 116 and 117 amino-acid residues. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and gel filtration studies together confirmed the homogeneity of the purified lectin and supported RVL as a dimer with Mr 49.5 kDa derived from single polypeptide precursor of 233 amino acids. Purified RVL exerts potent nematicidal activity on Meloidogyne incognita, a root knot nematode. Fluorescent confocal microscopic studies demonstrated the binding of RVL to specific regions of the alimentary-tract and exhibited a potent toxic effect on M. incognita. RVL-mucin complex failed to interact with the gut confirming the receptor mediated lectin interaction. Very high mortality (88%) rate was observed at lectin concentration as low as 30 microg/ml, suggesting its potential application in the development of nematode resistant transgenic-crops.

Four new records of Aroids for Bangladesh

The paper deals with four taxa of the family Araceae as new records for Bangladesh, namely, Aglaonema commutatum Schott, A. marantifolium Blume, Colocasia mannii Hook. f. and Remusatia vivipara (Roxb.) Schott. An up-dated nomenclature, important synonyms, illustrated description, flowering and fruiting times, specimen citation, ecology and geographical distribution for each species have also been given. Key words Four new records, Araceae, Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v12i2.601 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 12(2): 39-48, 2005 (December)