Methylene Blue Removal Research Articles

Performance of vermicompost derived hydrochars for methylene blue removal via ultrasound assisted adsorption

Performance of vermicompost derived hydrochars for methylene blue removal via ultrasound assisted adsorption

Establishing robust ZnO-sodium alginate nanocomposite for dye wastewater treatment: characterization, RSM methodology, and mechanism evaluation.

In today's world, water is a highly valued resource, and enhancing the quality of this natural endowment is a significant concern and a worldwide endeavor. This study sought to purify real wastewater and water tainted with methylene blue (MB) by immobilizing ZnO nanoparticles onto an alginate matrix using a straightforward approach and a three-dimensional structure. After analyzing the impact of , it was determined that 93.84% of MB was successfully removed (time = 120 min, dye concentration = 15 mg/L, catalyst amount = 2.5 g). The effects of inorganic ions and water types were investigated to simulate real wastewater conditions, and the catalyst performed satisfactorily. Alginate played a significant role in selectively removing dye, and the catalyst effectively removed 80.36% of MB and, in contrast, 20% of methyl orange (MO). The practical application of the catalyst was evaluated in textile wastewater treatment, and the catalyst showed satisfactory performance. An average 2.49% reduction in dye removal was observed after five stages of using the catalyst, demonstrating the beads' excellent stability. The composites were subjected to free radical trapping experiments to ascertain the active species. According to the results, and acted as the main reaction species in the degradation of MB. At the end, the synergistic mechanism of adsorption and degradation in MB removal was presented.

Sustainable Methylene Blue dye removal with activated carbon from Prosopis juliflora stem

This study addresses the environmental challenge posed by the invasive Prosopis juliflora plant by converting its stem into activated carbon for the adsorption of Methylene Blue dye from water. The goal is to create an effective and sustainable wastewater treatment solution. Prosopis juliflora stems were harvested, cleaned, dried, carbonized, and activated with zinc chloride to create Prosopis Juliflora Stem Activated Carbon. This activated carbon was characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope imaging. Results revealed a significant surface area of 158.107 m2/g and the presence of functional groups essential for adsorption processes. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of activated carbon in removing Methylene Blue dye at various dosages and contact times. The highest adsorption efficiencies were 73.5% at 80 min, 90.1% at 60 min, and 90.65% at 50 min for dosages of 80, 100, and 120 mg, respectively. These findings show that Prosopis Juliflora Stem Activated Carbon is highly effective at removing Methylene Blue dye, providing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of wastewater treatment.

Unripe Plantain Peel Biohydrogel for Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Solution

Dye contamination is a serious environmental issue, particularly affecting water bodies, driving efforts to synthesize adsorbent materials with high dye-removal capacities. In this context, eco-friendly and cost-effective materials derived from bioresidues are being explored to recycle and valorize waste. This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and application of a biohydrogel made from unripe plantain peel (PP), modified with carboxymethyl groups and crosslinked using varying concentrations of citric acid (CA), an eco-friendly and economical organic acid. The materials were characterized by ATR-FTIR, TGA, and SEM, confirming the successful synthesis of hydrogels, which exhibited rough, irregular surfaces with micropores. Additionally, the materials were analyzed for their pH point of zero charge, swelling capacity, and methylene blue (MB) dye removal efficiency. The results indicate that the biohydrogel formed with 1% CA exhibited the most favorable characteristics for MB removal. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption mechanism is pH-dependent, with equilibrium being reached in 720 min. The Freundlich isotherm model provided the best fit for the adsorption data, suggesting a heterogeneous surface and a multilayer adsorption process, with a maximum retention capacity of 600.8 ± 2.1 mg/g at pH 4. These findings contribute to the development of cost-effective and efficient materials for dye removal, particularly from water bodies.

Preparation of Bi2CrO6/CuO heterostructure nanocomposite to increase methylene blue decomposition under visible light irradiation

In this study, the Bi2CrO6/CuO nanocomposite was used for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. Nanocomposites with different ratios (1:1, 1:2, 2:1) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and investigated for MB removal. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, BET, DRS, PL, and EDS, were employed to elucidate the physicochemical aspects of the catalysts. The 2:1 nanocomposite ratio was selected as the photocatalyst with the highest removal efficiency (85 %). Four main factors, including initial concentration, solution pH, catalyst dose, and light intensity, were studied using the response surface methodology (RSM) and the Box-Behnken model. Under optimal conditions, the MB removal efficiency reached 90.06 %. Additionally, the effect of oxidizing agents (H2O2) on the enhanced removal of MB was investigated. The improved photocatalytic performance of the Bi2CrO6/CuO (2:1) nanocomposite is attributed to visible light absorption, the formation of a p-n heterostructure, efficient charge separation via the S-scheme mechanism, and increased charge carrier lifetime. Moreover, economic calculations showed that the estimated costs for the photocatalytic removal of MB from wastewater are cost-effective.

Sustainable cost-effective chemically modified banana leaf powder for methyl blue dye removal: kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics and artificial intelligence-based analysis

This study investigates cellulose-based adsorbents that are naturally occurring and have a unique, abundant supply for adsorbing organic dye. The effectiveness of chemically modified banana leaf powder (CMBLP) as a biodegradable and environmentally friendly adsorbent for extracting methyl blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions was studied. Point-zero charge (pHpzc) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersion (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the CMBLP. At pH 6.0, 100 mg/L of dye, 50 min of contact time, and 300 K temperature, the maximum removal values were obtained. Under ideal circumstances, CMBLP displays 77.13215% removal rate. Langmuir and Freundlich models, along with pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetics equations, were used to investigate the equilibrium isotherm and kinetics of CMBLP. The acquired experimental data fit pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.9986 and 0.9984) and the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9996) better. Utilizing the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of CMBLP has been identified to be 118.24 mg/g. At a temperature of 300 K, the adsorbent was also able to adsorb the maximum amount of methyl blue (MB). The thermal properties of methyl blue (MB) dye adsorption validate the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. The majority of statistical and artificial intelligence-based model (like KNN, SVM, ANN and LSTM) validate the superiority of MB removal onto CMBLP and support our experimental findings.Graphical

Adsorption studies of methylene blue using mangosteen shell porous biochar as adsorbent

The biomass of mangosteen shells was utilized as a raw material to prepare activated carbon based on mangosteen shells through a two-step process of mixed alkali carbonization and activation. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the activated carbon in removing methylene blue. The optimum preparation conditions for the study are KOH : NaOH : MSC = 1 : 1 : 1 with a particle size of 80 mesh. The activated carbon exhibits a BET specific surface area of 1432.699 m2/g and a Langmuir maximum specific surface area of 2066.130 m2/g. It demonstrates excellent adsorption performance for methylene blue, with a maximum adsorption amount of 985.5 mg/g. Characterization of the activated carbon is conducted using various techniques including Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray Diffraction Instrument (XRD), Raman Spectrometry (RMS), Fourier IR Spectrometry (FT-IR), XPS, and BET theory. The adsorption results were consistent with the Freundlich model and the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, indicating that the carbon material exhibits multilayer physical adsorption characteristics for methylene blue. The prepared material offers a large specific surface area, good environmental economics, and excellent adsorption performance, making it a promising choice for adsorption material preparation compared to other biomass activated carbons.

Biocompatible Pickering emulsions and films: Unlocking the chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol synergy for multifaceted capabilities

The exciting potential of harnessing the synergy between polysaccharides and bioactive components is attracting significant scientific interest. This research paves the way for the development of novel materials that can improve human health. Therefore, current research is conducted to explore the innovative use of chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) complex (CHN-PVA), olive oil-stabilized Pickering emulsions (PEs), and films with multifaceted applications. The sonication stabilized Pickering emulsions (PEs at different pH values 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11) exhibited decrease in particle size compared to control PEs. The pH significantly impacted the zeta potential of PEs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the non-covalent linkages. The antibacterial activity of the PEs revealed greater efficacy against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria. The CHN-PVA synergy greatly impacted the mechanical properties of films, resulting in tremendous increase of tensile strength and elongation at break compared to CHN film. The PEs efficiently delivered quercetin at neutral pH. The electro spraying of PEs significantly extended strawberry shelf life. Finally, the films exhibited promising properties of adsorbent and the results depicted that pH had a significant impact on methylene blue removal. Conclusively, this investigation underscores the potential of CHN-PVA films in food, health, and environmental fields.

Improved Carboxylate Density in Functionalized Biochar for Methylene Blue Adsorption

AbstractCarboxylate appended biochar BCKA was synthesized by a two‐step functionalization of leached rice straw biochar using ethyl 2‐bromoacetate/K2CO3/DMF and hydrolysis to furnish the modfied biochar. The modified biochar was characterized using proximate analysis, CHNS, SS CPMAS 13C NMR, FESEM, FTIR, XPS, BET, and zeta potential. Biochar BCKA was optimized for pH and dose, respectively, as 7 and 0.2 g/L for methylene blue (MB) adsorption with a contact time of 6 h at 298 K. MB removal up to 98% from 20 mg/L dye solution, using BCKA as adsorbent pH 7, 298 K. The nonlinear fit to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, SIPS, and D‐R adsorption isotherm showed a good fit with correlation coefficients (R2) 0.970, 0.969, 0.988, 0.984, and 0.983, respectively, and maximum MB adsorption (qm) of 261 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of MB using BCKA were 38.72 kJ/mol (∆H°), 225.42 J/mole K (∆S°), and negative ∆G° confirming the spontaneity driven by entropy. Kinetic studies showed good nonlinear fit to pseudo‐second order (R2 0.967), intraparticle diffusion (R2 0.977), and Elovich equation (R2 0.958) with chemisorption‐based interaction between BCKA and MB. Chemisorption, particularly ion exchange on the surface of BCKA with MB, is inferred from the D‐R isotherm and kinetic analysis. Column breakthrough studies showed Thomas model fit with qt 267.09 mg/g, and efficiency >80% was retained for two cycles of MB adsorption.

Removal of Methylene Blue dye from aqueous solution using Fenton-modified submerged aquatic plant Schoenoplectus species (Bulrush)

When dumping coloured effluent into the ecosystem, methylene blue dye contributes significantly to environmental health problems. In this investigation, Schoenoplectus species, commonly known as Bulrush, underwent modification using a Fenton reagent to enhance its effectiveness in adsorbing methylene blue (MB) from effluent. The Fenton-treated Bulrush was analysed using SEM, FTIR, BET, and TGA techniques, while various operational parameters were systematically explored to optimise the adsorbent. The FTIR results revealed an increase in the intensity of chemical compounds (–OH, C=C, and C–O, etc.) The FTIR data showed an increase in the intensity of chemical compounds (-OH, C=C, and C-O, among others) and aromatic structures on the exterior of the adsorbent, which aided in MB removal. The results exhibited conformity with the Langmuir model, with an R2 value of 0.9904 with an optimal adsorption capacity of 41.23 mg/g achieved for the Fenton-treated Bulrush. Kinetic analysis indicated adherence to the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 1), with chemical bonding adsorption primarily governing the adsorption rate. Optimal adsorption conditions were determined to be 26°C, pH 8, a reaction time of 60 minutes, a dosing amount of 2 g, and a preliminary concentration of 100 mg/L. Enhanced pH and increased dosing of Fenton-treated Bulrush led to improved adsorption capacity. Crystal structural characteristics and surface functional groupings of Fenton-treated Bulrush emerged as crucial factors influencing adsorption, describing the three main processes that control MB absorption by the adsorbent: physical adsorption, electrostatic attraction, and π-π interaction. These processes demonstrated the economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly attributes of Fenton-treated Bulrush, which shows promise for eliminating dye contaminants from aquatic environments.

Sustainable valorization of food waste into a pore-forming agent for ceramic membrane production: Experimental and DFT studies on methylene blue dye removal

Sustainable valorization of food waste into a pore-forming agent for ceramic membrane production: Experimental and DFT studies on methylene blue dye removal

Study on preparation of a pizza-like attapulgite-based composite membrane and its performance on methylene blue and ciprofloxacin removal

Study on preparation of a pizza-like attapulgite-based composite membrane and its performance on methylene blue and ciprofloxacin removal

MXene—Reclaimed Cellulose Acetate Composites for Methylene Blue Removal Through Synergistic Adsorption and Photocatalysis

<scp>MXene</scp>—Reclaimed Cellulose Acetate Composites for Methylene Blue Removal Through Synergistic Adsorption and Photocatalysis

A sustainable lignin-clay nano-absorbent for highly efficient methylene blue removal

Water pollution caused by toxic dyes such as methylene blue (MB) has become a bottleneck for recycling or reusing enormous industrial wastewater. Designing a green and cost-effective bio-absorbent for the highly efficient removal of MB from wastewater is crucial but remains a great challenge. In this study, abundant, inexpensive, and environmentally benign lignin and bentonite were used as starting materials, and quaternary and amphiphilic lignin as a network macromolecule was designed to be inserted into the galleries of the stacked bentonite clay to prepare lignin-bentonite nanohybrids. The specific surface area of the modified nano-absorbent was significantly increased to 45.60 m2/g and owned a type II-like isothermal mechanism. The absorbent showed a maximum removal of MB of 99.7 % at neutral pH and room temperature with a maximum adsorption capacity of 822.22 mg/g, demonstrating the potential of an excellent adsorbent. The MB adsorption process fits well with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, the adsorption mechanism includes strong electrostatic attraction between absorbent and MB, and physical adsorption in a complicated monolayer and multiple macroporous structures. This study leverages the economic and environmental benefits of lignin and bentonite clay to prepare a cost-effective bio-absorbent for efficient removal of MB from aqueous solutions.

Ball Milling and Magnetic Modification Boosted Methylene Blue Removal by Biochar Obtained from Water Hyacinth: Efficiency, Mechanism, and Application.

Ball milling is a feasible and promising method of biochar modification that can significantly increase its adsorption ability to methylene blue (MB). This study synthesized nine biochars derived from water hyacinth under different pyrolysis temperatures and modified with ball milling and Fe3O4. The structural properties of the pristine and ball-milled magnetic biochars were investigated and employed to adsorb MB. The results showed that ball milling significantly enhanced the specific surface area, total pore volume, and C-, N-, and O-containing groups of biochars, especially in low-temperature pyrolysis biochars. The Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-secondary kinetic model fitted well with the MB adsorption process on biochars. After ball-milled magnetic modification, the adsorption capacity of biochar at 350 °C for MB was increased to 244.6 mg g-1 (8-fold increase), owing to an increase in accessible functional groups. MB removal efficiencies by low-temperature pyrolysis biochars were easily affected by pH, whereas high-temperature pyrolysis biochars could effectively remove MB in a wide pH range. WQM1, with the high adsorption capacity and stability, provided the potential to serve as an adsorbent for MB removal. Based on DFT calculations, the chemisorption and electrostatic interactions were the primary mechanism for enhancing MB removal with ball-milled magnetic biochar at low-temperature pyrolysis, followed by H-bonding, π-π interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and pore filling.

Simulation and modeling of methylene blue dye removal by an agri-food waste (Peanut shells)

Our study explores the potential of utilizing peanut shells, an abundant and low-cost food waste, as a natural adsorbent for the removal of industrial dyes, specifically methylene blue. We conducted a detailed investigation of the adsorption process, which revealed that it conforms to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, indicating the ability of peanut shells to adsorb methylene blue effectively. To optimize the adsorption yield, we employed a Box-Behnken experimental design. This approach allowed us to assess the impact of several key factors, including the mass of the adsorbent, dye concentration, pH, temperature, stirring rate, and the ionic strength of salts in the solution. The mathematical model and simulation of the adsorption process helped us identify the best conditions for maximizing the dye removal. Our experiments resulted in a maximum adsorption efficiency of 97%, achieved under optimal conditions: 1.5 g of adsorbent, a methylene blue concentration of 40 mg/L, pH 11, temperature of 65°C, 0 mg/L ionic strength, and a stirring rate of 165 rpm. These findings suggest that peanut shells are a viable, eco-friendly alternative for dye removal, offering a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment and contributing to waste reduction.

On the Valorization of Olive Oil Pomace: A Sustainable Approach for Methylene Blue Removal from Aqueous Media.

Currently, industrial water pollution represents a significant global challenge, with the potential to adversely impact human health and the integrity of ecosystems. The continuous increase in global consumption has resulted in an exponential rise in the use of dyes, which have become one of the major water pollutants, causing significant environmental impacts. In order to address these concerns, a number of wastewater treatment methods have been developed, with a particular focus on physicochemical approaches, such as adsorption. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of a bio-based material derived from olive oil pomace (OOP) as an environmentally friendly bio-adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB), a cationic dye commonly found in textile effluents. The biobased material was initially characterized by determining the point of zero charge (pHpzc) and using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis was conducted, evaluating the impact of specific physicochemical parameters on MB adsorption, which included a thorough examination of the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects. The adsorption process was characterized using Langmuir, Freundlich, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Dubinin Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms. The results suggest that the equilibrium of adsorption is achieved within ca. 200 min, following pseudo-second-order kinetics. The optimal conditions, including adsorbent mass, temperature, bulk pH, and dye concentration, yielded a maximum adsorption capacity of ca. 93% (i.e., 428 mg g-1) for a pomace concentration of 450 mg L-1. The results suggest a monolayer adsorption process with preferential electrostatic interactions between the dye and the pomace adsorbent. This is supported by the application of Langmuir, BET, Freundlich, and D-R isotherm models. The thermodynamic analysis indicates that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. This work presents a sustainable solution for mitigating MB contamination in wastewater streams while simultaneously valorizing OOP, an agricultural by-product that presents risks to human health and the environment. In conclusion, this approach offers an innovative ecological alternative to synthetic adsorbents.

Simplex-lattice design and decision tree optimization of endophytic Trichoderma-multi-walled carbon nanotube composite for enhanced methylene blue removal

This study investigates a novel approach for enhancing methylene blue (MB) removal from water using a composite of endophytic Trichoderma mate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). For the first time, a unique combination of simplex-lattice design and decision tree learning algorithm was employed to optimize MB removal. This innovative approach effectively identified the optimal composite ratio of hyphal mate (0.5354 g/L) and MWCNTs (0.4646 g/L) for maximizing MB removal, which achieved remarkable removal efficiency ranging from 63.50 to 95.78 % depending on the combination used. The DT model further demonstrated promising potential for predicting MB removal efficiency. SEM revealed a unique hybrid material formed by the intertwining or entrapment of MWCNTs within the hyphal network of Trichoderma mate. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of novel functional groups on the MWCNTs' surface at 2438.79 and 528.25 cm−1, likely due to interactions with the endophytic fungi's biomolecules. These functional groups presumably act as reducing and stabilizing agents, promoting efficient MB adsorption. This research paves the way for utilizing the combined biological and chemical approach (fungal biomass and MWCNTs) in bioremediation applications. The findings suggest significant potential for practical applications in wastewater treatment, providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective method for dye removal. Furthermore, the proposed method shows promise for scaling up to industrial wastewater treatment and applicability in resource-limited settings, offering a sustainable solution for global water pollution challenges. Further investigations with larger datasets incorporating additional influencing factors are necessary to refine the predictive power of the DT model for practical applications.

Thermal conversion of Achillea maritima biomass into dual-functional carbon quantum dots for antioxidant activity and methylene blue removal

Thermal conversion of Achillea maritima biomass into dual-functional carbon quantum dots for antioxidant activity and methylene blue removal

Electrospinning of Sodium Alginate/Copper Oxide Nanofibrous Composite Membrane and Its Application of Cationic Dye Adsorption

AbstractDye wastewater is becoming one of the most significant sources of water pollution, and its impact on human survival is immeasurable. In this study, we successfully synthesized a nanofiber membrane with environmentally friendly and efficient properties using electrospinning of a mixture of sodium alginate (SA) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, aimed at effective dye removal. The adsorption performance of the SA/CuO nanofiber membrane was evaluated using the cationic dye methylene blue (MB). The maximum adsorption capacity of the nanofiber membrane was increased significantly with the addition of CuO nanoparticles, reaching a maximum value of 1633.4 mg g−1, almost twice as much as that of pure SA membrane. The adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo‐second‐order model, where chemisorption acts as the rate‐limiting step. The adsorption isotherm data indicate that the adsorption is monolayer. The nanofibrous membranes showed better dye removal under an alkaline environment. After four cycles of adsorption/desorption, the MB removal efficiency remained at 70.1% of the original adsorption capacity. The addition of CuO nanoparticles facilitated the adsorption of MB dyes, while the form of the nanofibrous membrane is easily recoverable and reusable. Therefore, the as‐prepared SA/CuO nanofibrous composite membrane is a potentially favorable adsorbent material for wastewater treatment applications.