Color Removal Research Articles

Enhanced degradation of textile wastewater by activated carbon–assisted Fenton oxidation: economic analysis and ANN-based optimization

Abstract This study aims to improve the removal organic contaminants from biologically pre-treated textile wastewater using activated carbon (AC)–assisted Fenton oxidation. The optimum conditions for Fenton process were found to be pH 3.0, 2 mM Fe2+ and 10 mM H2O2. Reed activated carbon (RAC), produced from Phragmites australis, and commercial activated carbon (CAC) were used to enhance Fenton process under optimized conditions. Different doses and reaction times of RAC and CAC were tested to improve chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour removal. The results showed that COD removal was 64% within the first 10 min, in the Fenton process. When RAC and CAC were added (2 g/L), COD removal increased to 83% and 88%, respectively. Colour removal was nearly complete at 436, 525, and 620 nm for both AC types. The total operational costs for textile wastewater treatment were calculated as 0.660 USD/m3 for Fenton process, 4.160 USD/m3 for CAC-assisted Fenton process, and 2.950 USD/m3 for RAC-assisted Fenton process. Additionally, artificial neural networks (ANNs) results demonstrated the success of the RAC and CAC-assisted Fenton systems, with determination coefficients (R 2) of 0.9503 and 0.9440, respectively. In this context, high R 2 values indicate that the model predicts the results of the RAC and CAC-assisted Fenton systems well and demonstrates the high efficiency of these systems. Graphical Abstract

Combined hydrodynamic cavitation and advanced oxidation process for the degradation of hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride

ABSTRACT Wastewater produced by the Textile industry contains dyes, aromatic, phenolic and various complex compounds which seriously harm the environment due to their high toxicity and carcinogenicity. The dyes found in wastewater are the ones frequently used to add colour to various industrial processes. The present study investigates the degradation of hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride (HPC) dye using hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) along with other oxidants. In an HC reactor, the effect of two different cavitating devices venturi and orifice and its combined effect with ZnO, H2O2, KPS, ZnO + H2O2 for the degradation of HPC have been investigated in detail. The effect of several operating parameters such as inlet pressure (3–7 bar), temperature (25–55 °C), initial concentration (50–300 mg/L) and initial pH (2–7) with respect to cavitation time has been analysed based on the removal of colour, TOC and TN. At the optimum initial dye concentration of 100 ppm, a pH of 5, a temperature of 35 °C and a pressure of 4 bar the maximum removal of TOC was found to be 46.4% and 28.4% for the venturi and orifice plate, respectively, for 120 min of treatment time. The study also focused on the combined oxidation approaches and compared that with the individual process. The extent of HPC mineralization rose from 46.4% for only HC to 67.3% and 43.6% for the combined HC + H2O2+ ZnO and H2O2 + ZnO, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that hydrodynamic cavitation-based combined treatment methods are very effective for the degradation of hexamethyl pararosaniline chloride dye.

Methylene Blue Removal Using Activated Carbon from Olive Pits: Response Surface Approach and Artificial Neural Network

This study evaluated the efficiency of methylene blue (MB) removal by using activated carbon produced from olive pits. The activated carbon (OPAC) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The adsorption process was optimized in two stages using factorial design. Based on the existing literature, the first stage selected the most influential variables (reaction time, dosage, pH, and dye concentration). Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches have been combined to optimize and model the adsorption of MB. To assess the optimal conditions for MB adsorption, RSM was initially applied using four controllable operating parameters. Throughout the optimization process, various independent variables were employed, including initial dye concentrations ranging from 25 to 125 mg/L, adsorbent dosages ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 g/L, pH values spanning from 1 to 9, and contact times ranging from 15 to 75 min. Moreover, the R2 value (R2 = 0.9804) indicates that regression can effectively forecast the response of the adsorption process within the examined range. Thermodynamic studies were performed for three different temperatures between 293 and 303 K. Isothermal analysis parameters and negative Gibbs free energy indicate that the process is spontaneous and favorable. The data best fit the Langmuir model. This research showcases the effectiveness of optimizing and predicting the color removal process through the combined RSM-ANN approach. It highlights the effectiveness of adsorption using OPAC as a viable primary treatment method for the removal of color from wastewater-containing dyes.

Optimization of Solar Corrosion Fenton Reactor for the Recovery of Textile Wastewater: In Situ Release of Fe2+

A Solar Corrosion Fenton reactor (SCFr) was developed by packing an iron-carbon steel filament inside the reactor to enable the in situ release of Fe2+. A Box–Behnken experimental design was used to optimize the effect of HRT (20, 30, and 40 min), the mass ratios of the packed filament inside the reactor with respect to volume (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 w/v), and the peroxide dosage added (500, 1000, and 1500 mg/L), the response variables were the percentage removal of COD, color, and turbidity. The optimum conditions for SCFr were an HRT of 24.5 min, a ratio of 0.16 (0.0032 m2/L), and a peroxide dose of 1006.9 mg/L. The removal was 91.8%, 98.4%, and 87.3% COD, color, and turbidity, respectively. Without solar radiation, the percentage removal was reduced by 16.3%, 47.9%, and 34.0% in terms of COD, color, and turbidity, respectively. The concentration of Fe2+ released was 25.4 mg/L of Fe2+. Prolonged HRT increases Fe2+ concentration and turbidity, which increase COD. The oxidation kinetics were fitted to a Behnajady–Modirshahla–Ghanbery (BMG) model, which indicated a high oxidation rate that is reflective of low treatment times. The w/v ratio was the most significant factor; the release of Fe2+ was stimulated by UV radiation and the chloride concentration of wastewater, which prevents the formation of an oxide layer, thus allowing its continuous release, taking advantage of solar radiation and the pH and chloride concentration of the raw sample.

Odour, Colour and Turbidity Removal from Selected Industrial Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Process

Odour, Colour and Turbidity Removal from Selected Industrial Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Process

The performance of electrocoagulation process for decolorization and COD removal of highly colored real grey water under variable operating conditions

Grey water (GW) reclamation offers a viable solution to address water scarcity. However, the variation in its quality and quantity makes treatment options big challenges. In the last years, Electrocoagulation (EC) has emerged as an effective method for treating GW. This study assessed the performance of a lab-scale EC reactor in treating GW with high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color (1290mg/L and 2540 Pt-CO, respectively), sourced from various origins. The impact of different operational parameters, including electrode material (Iron 'Fe' and Aluminum 'Al'), electrode spacing (1 and 2cm), and current density (5, 10, 15, and 20mA/cm²), was evaluated. Results showed minimal impact from electrode spacing, possibly due to the short electrolysis time (10minutes). However, Al based electrodes outperformed Fe based electrodes, offering reduced health risks from metal contamination. Operating with Al electrodes at a current density of 5mA/cm² led to substantial removal of COD (≥ 82%) and color (≥ 97%) while maintaining low operational costs. This study further supports the viability of EC as an effective method for treating greywater, even at high contaminant levels.

Optimizing Ti/RuO2-IrO2 – electro activated persulfate oxidation processes for the degradation of ammonia-nitrogen and color from landfill leachate using Response Surface Methodology

Landfilling disposal method has raised many environmental concerns especially water pollution from the discharge of landfill leachate. This study is aimed at investigating degradation of ammonia and removal of color of landfill leachate by electro-persulfate activation using rutheniumiridium coated titanium (Ti-RuO2/IrO2) electrode. Process variables such as reaction time, current density and persulfate dosage were optimized using central composite design via response surface methodology (RSM). RSM models show high coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.9182 and 0.9249 for ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) and color respectively. The maximum removal efficiency for NH3-N and color were recorded as 83.7% and 65.8% respectively. Persulfate can be used in oxidation processes as an activating agent to remove NH3-N and color from landfill leachate.

Investigation of the usage of plasma systems in the field of environmental engineering

In the study; It is planned to design a plasma jet reactor that allows liquid (water) purification at atmospheric pressure for the first time in our country, and to investigate to what extent it will contribute to the treatment. The study is important in terms of investigating the usability of plasma systems, which is an innovative technology, in the field of environmental engineering and contributing to the literature. In the light of literature research, it is observed that studies in the field of plasma systems and environmental engineering are generally aimed at color removal. In the literature, the removal efficiencies of Methylene Blue (MB), Methyl Orange (MO), Congo Red (KK)) are mostly compared as model dyes. Argon feed gas is generally used in the studies. When the direct treatment results are evaluated for three different dyes at 20 and 30 min treatment times, it is observed that high removal efficiencies such as MB 95%, MO 97%, KK 86% are obtained as a result of 20 min treatment. As a result; In our study, the usability of the atmospheric plasma system, which is a new technology in the field of water treatment in our country, was evaluated, inspired by the studies on the usability of plasma technology in water treatment in the world.

EVALUATION OF THE ANIONIC POLYMER ADDITION IN THE CLARIFICATION OF REAL EFFLUENT FROM THE HYDROPHILIC COTTON BLEACHING

Water, essential for maintaining life, is widely used in industrial processes, generating high volumes of industrial liquid effluents. These, if not treated properly end up contaminating water bodies and causing serious damage to the environment. Among the technologies applied to industrial effluent treatment, physical-chemical treatments are usually accompanied by auxiliary products. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the influence of anionic polyacrylamide addition as a coagulation aid of industrial effluent clarification from the bleaching process of cotton hydrophilic. Based on preliminary assays, a Central Rotational Composite Design (DCCR) was developed for the coagulant/flocculant combination, evaluating pH, turbidity, and color. The results obtained showed that anionic polymer improved the treatment performance, forming larger, heavier, and more stable flakes, which resulted in better removal of turbidity (29.7%) and color (33.09%) when compared to the treatment without its addition (22% and 25%) respectively. They also speed up the decanting process, reducing the consumption of primary coagulant and contributing to the effluent parameters being following the discharge standards stipulated by legislation, proving its efficiency as a coagulation aid.

Exploring Pristine Tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) Waste as a Sustainable Adsorbent for Textile Dye Removal

ABSTRACTTextile dyes are one of the main industrial contaminants, and their removal from wastewater using environmentally friendly alternatives has been a challenge for decades. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the use of tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) seed residue as a novel and low‐cost adsorbent material for the decolorization of a textile dye solution. The seed shell was disinfected, dried, ground, and sieved. Its physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and point of zero charge (pHPZC). The influence of initial pH (4.2–9.8) and dye concentration (95–745 mg/L) in the color removal was analyzed through a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) using 10 g/L of tucumã seed shell at 150 rpm for 4 h. Both pH and dye concentration linearly influenced color removal. Lower pH values and higher dye concentrations resulted in color removals above 40%. When pH 5 and 700 mg/L of dye were used, the adsorption capacity was higher than 50 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm that best fitted the data was Freundlich isotherm, indicating that the adsorbent has a heterogeneous surface and that multilayer adsorption occurs in the tucumã residue. These results indicate that pristine A. aculeatum seed residue can potentially be used as an adsorbent in the textile industry with no chemical or thermal activation.

Statistical significance of the influence of nano-TiO2 on WPC, PPC, and OPC cement mortars

Durability of cement mortars and concrete is of significant importance in the field of concrete technology. Self-cleaning ability affects durability of cementitious compositions wherein Nano TiO2 (NT) is widely utilized in research worldwide as a popular photocatalyst. In this study, NT was applied to the cement mortars in three methods: intermixed (IM), fresh cast coat (FC), and hardened coat (HC) to three types of cements and the color removal efficiency of each combination is identified. ANOVA technique was used to analyze and understand the significance of the variance in color removal efficiency with respect to change in the dosage of NT, type of cement and NT application method. The variance analysis results suggest that White Portland Cement (WPC) exhibits increased variability in color removal efficiency, the Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) stabilizes at higher dosages, and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) demonstrates an initial increase followed by a decrease in variability. Across all the combinations, the NT dosage had a significant impact on the color removal efficiency, while the cement type did not significantly affect it. The type of NT application method significantly affected the color removal efficiency among all dosages and cement types, OPC having a greater effect than the other cement types.

Evaluation of the potential use of powdered activated carbon in the treatment of effluents from bleached kraft pulp mills

Abstract Pulp mill effluents contain organic compounds derived from wood processing that resist conventional biological treatment. Studies suggest that powdered activated carbon (PAC) can enhance the quality of these effluents. Two types of PAC, chemically activated (PAC1) and physically activated (PAC2), were characterized and applied in dosages of 1, 2, and 3 g/L to reduce chemical oxigen demand (COD) and color in kraft pulp mill effluent. In Phase 1, physicochemical tests identified the optimal PAC type, dosage, and maximum cycles for effective COD and color reduction. In Phase 2, biological aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBR) were tested with the optimal PAC from Phase 1. Results indicated PAC1 could be reused for COD reduction for up to 8 cycles and PAC2 for up to 6 cycles. For color reduction, PAC1 was effective for up to 4 cycles, while PAC2 failed to reduce color. The type of activation used by PAC1 proved to be more effective in reducing both COD and color than PAC2. Adding PAC1 (3 g/L) to the SBR increased COD removal from 70.5 % to 75.5 % and color removal from 26.6 % to 43.8 %, also improving sludge settling.

Comparison of Photocatalytic Activity: Impact of Hydrophilic Properties on TiO2 and ZrO2 Thin Films

Thin films (TFs) of TiO2 and ZrO2 were prepared and characterized to evaluate their structural and optical (SO) properties and, later, to test their efficiency for the photocatalytic degradation (PD) of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the TiO2 TFs had an anatase crystalline structure, unlike the ZrO2 TFs, which showed a tetragonal crystalline structure that was verified by Raman spectroscopy. The band gap (BG) energies, as calculated from UV-Vis spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, corresponded to 3.2 and 3.7 eV for the TiO2 and ZrO2 TFs, respectively. SEM examination of the obtained materials was also carried out to assess the surface morphology and topography. The comparative study of the FTIR spectra of the TiO2 and ZrO2 TFs successfully confirmed the composition of the two-metal oxide TFs. The electrical properties of the films were studied by conductivity measurements. The two films also showed a similar thickness of about 200 nm and a substantially different photocatalytic performance for the discoloration of MB in aqueous solution. The corresponding rate constants, as obtained from a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, revealed that TiO2 films promote color removal of the model dye solution almost 20 times faster than the rate observed for ZrO2 modified glass substrates. We suggest that this difference may be related to the hydrophilic character of the two films under study, which may affect the charge carrier injection process and, therefore, the overall photocatalytic performance.

Sustainable colour, sulfate and phosphate removal from vegetable oil refinery wastewater using snail shell waste extracted-chitin-chitosan: Equilibrium studies and toxicity assessment of used adsorbents

Direct discharged of vegetable oil refinery wastewater without treatment can cause severe environmental pollution, corrosion and clogging of pipes. This work is aimed at investigating the use of snail shell extracted chitin and chitosan fortified with alum in removing colour, sulfate and phosphate from vegetable oil refinery waste water, monitoring the pH, and testing the toxicity of the used materials on the growth performance of maize. Chitin and chitosan with good adsorbent properties were produced from snail shells. The spent chitin/alum and chitosan/alum were recycled and their toxicities on the growth performance of maize tested. The studied wastewater had pH of 10.40, sulfate and phosphate concentrations of 3100 and 1561.3 mg/L respectively. Maximum removal capacities for sulfate and phosphate of 842.54 and 728.07 mg/g were respectively obtained for chitin, and respectively 934.97 and 728.00 mg/L for chitosan against colour removal of 0.96 and 0.95 Absorbance/g respectively on chitin and chitosan. Nearly 100% of colour and phosphate were removed by chitin and chitosan systems for all tested parameters against a maximum of 84% for sulfate by chitosan at pH 10 and 80% for chitin at pH 4. From Pseudo-second order kinetics, phosphate and sulfate removal were faster on chitin than chitosan while colour removal was faster on chitosan than chitin. Recycled adsorbents enhanced maize germination and survival than the control where they were absent. Tested adsorbents are effective in improving quality of studied effluent, requiring no electricity and can be used as fertilizers, ensuring clean environment and generation of more revenue

A full factorial design for the decolorization of real textile wastewater using iron-rich montmorillonite by sonocatalytic process

In this study, the sonocatalytic process was used to remove colour from the effluent of a textile factory located in Turkey. Clay from a brick-tile factory located in the city of Eskisehir was used to enhance the effect of ultrasound (US) at 20 kHz frequency and 750 W power. The structure, morphology and composition of the clay were identified by characterization studies including FT-IR, XRD, XRF, SEM and TGA. The clay consists mainly of montmorillonite and iron-rich montmorillonite as smectite minerals, nontronite, quartz minerals, calcite and dolomite as minor clay minerals. In the scope of the study, Design of Experiment (DoE) and a Full Factorial Design (FFD) was used to determine the operating conditions that affect the color removal efficiency of textile industry wastewater. pH, clay amount, time, and H2O2 concentration were determined as critical factors using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). It has been confirmed that when the critical factors for color removal efficiency—specifically, a pH of 2. 2 grams of clay, a duration of 120 minutes, and 35 ppm of H2O2—are kept constant, the resulting removal percentage was predicted as 94% approximately by using regression model. The optimal levels of factors have been verified by the validation experiments.

Comparison of coagulation–Fenton oxidation and coagulation–adsorption processes in textile and chemical industry mixed wastewater

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, the treatment of mixed wastewater from textile and chemical industries using coagulation followed by Fenton oxidation or adsorption processes was investigated. In the coagulation process, the effects of pH and coagulant dosage were examined using polyaluminium chloride, FeCl3 and alum. The effects of Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations, pH and oxidation time on Fenton oxidation of coagulated mixed industrial wastewater were also investigated. In the adsorption process, the effects of pH, adsorbent dosage and adsorption time were evaluated using coconut‐based activated carbon (Coconut‐AC) and coal‐based activated carbon (Coal‐AC).RESULTSIn coagulation, 68.5% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 63.1% total organic carbon (TOC) and 94.3% color removal were achieved with FeCl3 at pH 5 and a coagulant dose of 600 mg L−1. Coagulation–Fenton oxidation resulted in 95.7% COD, 84.1% TOC and 99.0% color removal with 1500 mg L−1 Fe2+ and 6000 mg L−1 H2O2 at pH 3. In the coagulation–adsorption process, 97.5% COD, 95.5% TOC and 99.5% color removal were obtained using Coconut‐AC with an adsorbent dosage of 40 g L−1 at pH 3, while 92.3% COD, 82.4% TOC and 99.2% color removal were obtained with Coal‐AC at pH 3 and an adsorbent dosage of 30 g L−1.CONCLUSIONEffective treatment of mixed industrial wastewater from the textile and chemical industries can be achieved more quickly using Coconut‐AC for adsorption following coagulation. Conversely, the same removal efficiencies can be reached over a longer duration with Fenton oxidation after coagulation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Decolorization Kinetics of Organic Pollutant Dye Compounds from Wastewater

The removal of colored-toxic materials from industrial wastewater has been subject to investigations since years. There are more than several methods to overcome these problems. In this article, sodium sulfite as a scavenger was used to remove the color of basic red 46 and methylene blue in solution as model pollutant materials in water. Color removal kinetics was studied by using sodium sulfite amount, pH of the solution, time and temperature as parameters. The effect of these parameters was reported according to the decay kinetics of absorbance of the dye compounds in solution by using molecular absorption spectroscopy. It observed that the color degradation of basic red 46 obeys bi-exponential decay whereas methylene blue obeys single exponential decay. The kinetic rate constants were determined from fit of the absorbance decay studies and temperature dependence of process was discussed with Arrhenius equation.

Treatment of molasses-based alcohol distillery wastewater using Electro-Fenton oxidation: Optimization and model prediction by response surface methodology

In this study, an Electro-Fenton process was employed to treat high-strength alcohol distillery wastewater. The simultaneously removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and turbidity were examined. The optimum value of the operational parameters including the number of electrodes and their arrangement, electrodes’ interval, initial pH, and electrolyte concentration were determined by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT). The effect of essential parameters including current density, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and the duration of the process were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). At fixed defined operational conditions by OFAT as four electrodes in a parallel arrangement with a 1 cm interval, 0.3 mol/L of electrolyte salt, and pH of 4, respectively, the optimal condition by RSM suggested the current density of 24 mA/cm2, 40 g/L of H2O2, and reaction time of 2 h. By adopting optimal condition at defined values of operational factors the removal efficiencies for COD, color, and turbidity were approximately 83%, 99%, and 97%, respectively, using fresh water for dilution. The energy consumption of 1.9 kWh/kg COD removal was achieved. Also, to save water, the treated wastewater (instead of fresh water) was used for the dilution of the raw wastewater, indicating the satisfactory results with removal efficiencies for COD, color, and turbidity of 71%, 94%, and 95%, respectively. Overall, the Electro-Fenton process is introduced as an appropriate process for treating high-strength alcohol distillery wastewater.

Using phragmites australis biochar bio-augmented with actinomycetes for enhancing UASB reactor performance: A field study

Anaerobic processes are a cost-effective and sustainable method for wastewater treatment due to their lower energy demand and potential for biogas-high methane recovery. The up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor system (UASB) is a commonly used technology. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of UASB reactors for handling the wash water from the buffalo shed, with a comparison of traditional UASB to UASB modified reactor by incorporation of immobilized biochar with and without bioaugmentation of a bacterial species with documented anaerobic capabilities. The investigation was conducted as a pilot project at the Suez Canal University Veterinary Experimental Farm in Ismailia, Egypt. Adding Streptomyces hydrogenans S11-immobilized Phragmites australis biochar to the USAB reactor increased removal efficiency, even at high influent loadings. The findings demonstrated that the traditional UASB reactor attained removal efficiency for COD, BOD5, TSS, TDS, color, and turbidity of 81.0 %, 75.0 %,80.0 %, 80.0 %, 70.0 %, and 70.0 % respectively, and biogas production of (0.025 mL biogas/mg COD removed).In comparison, the modified UASB reactor attained COD, BOD5, TSS, TDS, Color, and Turbidity removal efficiencies of 93.0 %, 91.5 %,90.3 %, 91.10 %, 85 %, and 80.0 %, respectively. The biogas production reached (0.037 mL biogas/mg COD removed). The removal efficiencies of the measured parameters were statistically analyzed, and this analysis indicated that the efficiency of the modified reactor was enhanced dramatically compared to the traditional system. Hence, this work demonstrates an efficient approach for treating buffalo wastewater.

Decolorization of Acid Yellow 17 by ozonation and Peroxone (O3/H2O2) Process

In this study, the decolorization of Acid Yellow 17, a mono azo dye with a wide range of applications such as in food, textiles, personal care products, and household cleaning products, was investigated in aqueous solutions using ozonation and peroxone processes. The effects of ozone gas flow rate (150, 200, and 250 L/h), ozone gas concentration (5.5, 11, and 16.5 g/m3), initial dye concentration (100, 200, and 300 mg/L), and hydrogen peroxide concentration (25, 50 and 62.5 mg/L) on decolorization in the batch bubble reactor were investigated. When the ozone gas flow rate was increased from 150 L/h to 200 L/h in the ozonation process, the removal efficiency increased from 70% to 80.2%. At gas flow rates above 200 L/h, removal was negatively affected. The removal efficiency increased with increasing ozone gas concentration, and at the end of the 45-minute reaction time, a removal efficiency of 98% was achieved at an ozone gas concentration of 16 g/m3. The increase in initial dye concentrations decreases the removal efficiency due to the increase in the amount of pollutant per unit ozone molecule. In the peroxane process, the effect of hydrogen peroxide on color removal was limited. It was determined that the ozonation process was more effective for the removal of Acid Yellow 17 from aqueous solutions.