Total Suspended Solids Removal Rates Research Articles

The Study of Sludge Characteristics for One-Stage Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion Process

One-stage Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion was autonomously designed to treat municipal sludges. By the way of batch operation experiment, the influence of removal rates of volatile suspended solids(VSS), total suspended solids(TSS), auto-rise temperature, and COD concentration, volatile fatty acid concentration of sludge, were investigated respectively. The results showed that a large part of reactor temperature was in thermophilic statues at 56°C-60°C during sludge digestion period; Municipal sludges treated have achieved stabilization standard of 503 articles of EPA while removal rates of VSS and TSS at 38.9% and 31% respectively for 360h retention time. Resulting from micro-organisms hydrolysis reaction, total COD concentration of sludge supernatant (SCOD) was increased firstly and then dropped afterward during the process of digestion while total COD concentration of solid phase of sludge(TCOD) still fall down with removal rate of TCOD at 35.6% for 360h retention time. A sum of concentration of volatile fatty acid(VFA) was accumulated gradually in the sludge supernatant at 2745mg/L for 360h retention time because of micro-aerobic situation in the beginning of digestion process, and can be use as the carbon sources for wastewater treatment process.

Hydraulic evolution and total suspended solids capture of an infiltration trench

AbstractStormwater best management practice (BMP) design must incorporate the expected long‐term performance from both a water quantity and water quality perspective to sustainably mitigate hydrologic and water quality impacts of development. Infiltration trench structures are one of many infiltration BMPs that reduce runoff volume and capture pollutants. Research on the longevity of these structures is sparse, leading to concerns about their long‐term value and impeding implementation. In the present study, an infiltration trench was monitored from its inception to determine its hydrologic performance over time and total suspended solids (TSS) capture efficiency. The infiltration trench was intentionally undersized to accelerate longevity‐related processes. The infiltration trench provided a 36% TSS removal rate and displayed a distinct decrease in its ability to infiltrate stormwater runoff over the first three years of operation. Results indicate that infiltration through the bottom of the BMP became negligible, while infiltration through the sides of the BMP remained active over the 3‐year study period. The results lead to recommendations for BMP design. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Evaluation of geotextile filtration applying coagulant and flocculant amendments for aquaculture biosolids dewatering and phosphorus removal

Wastes contained in the microscreen backwash discharged from intensive recirculating aquaculture systems were removed and dewatered in simple geotextile bag filters. Three chemical coagulation aids (aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride, and calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime)), were tested in combination with a long-chain polymer flocculation aid (HyChem CE 1950 at 25mg/L) to determine the most cost effective and efficient treatment combination. Three different coagulants were tested to determine if coagulant choice impacts nutrient and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (cBOD5) leaching into the filtrate and the final composition of the bag-captured biosolids at the end of each period. If nutrient leaching into the bag filtrate could be minimized through coagulant selection, then geotextile bags could provide a convenient and effective method to dewater waste biosolids and provide them in a form that fish farmers could readily transport, store, or send for disposal.Results from replicate geotextile bag filter tests indicate that when alum, ferric chloride, and hydrated lime (plus a polymer) were amended to a backwash flow, both suspended solids capture and solids thickening were improved; i.e., total suspended solids removal rates of 95.8, 95.1, and 96.0%, respectively, were achieved along with final dewatered filter cake percent solids concentrations of 22.1, 19.3, and 20.9%, respectively. Alum, ferric chloride, and hydrated lime (plus a polymer) amended geotextile bags were not as effective in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and cBOD5 removal, resulting in removal rates of 69.6, 67.2, and 35.3%, respectively, and 56.6, 9.3, and −47.4%, respectively. Further, the use of lime as a coagulant resulted in filtrate COD and cBOD5 concentrations that exceeded inlet concentrations. Total nitrogen removal applying alum, ferric chloride, and lime were also less than effective, resulting in removal rates of 39.1, 46.7, and −8.9%, respectively. Filtrate total nitrogen concentrations were primarily in the inorganic form (total ammonia nitrogen) suggesting mineralization of ammonia as solids were stored within geotextile bags under anaerobic conditions. Alum, ferric chloride, and lime amended bags were moderately efficient at total phosphorus removal, resulting in removal rates of 67.6, 47.0, and 77.3%, respectively. Alum was identified as the most cost effective chemical for coagulation, but hydrated lime was the most effective at dissolved phosphorus precipitation and removal.

활어수조에서 포말분리에 의한 오염물 제거시 수력학적 체류시간 영향

The effect of the hydraulic residence time (HRT) for the removal of aquarium waste, such as protein, total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity were investigated by using a foam separator Protein, TSS and turbidity removal efficiencies were increased with the increase of hydraulic residence time. The optimum hydraulic residence time was 0.5 min, and the highest protein and TSS removal rates were <TEX>$14.4\;g/L{\cdot}day\;and\;38.9\;g/L{\cdot}day,$</TEX> respectively. The tendency of turbidity removal rate and efficiency was similar to that of protein.

Floating Bead Filter에 의한 순환여과식 양식장의 부유고형물 제거와 질산화

The floating bead filter was tested for treatment of aquacultural water in a pilot-scale recirculating aquaculture system. Performance of floating bead filter on the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) and the treatment of nitrogen sourer such as total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were evaluated. The system was stocked with Nile tilapia at an initial rearing densities of <TEX>$5\%\;and\;7\%$</TEX> over 30 days. The average TSS removal rates were <TEX>$43.0\;g/m^2{\cdot}day\;and\;39.5\;g/m^2{\cdot}day$</TEX> for rearing density of <TEX>$5\%\;and\;7\%$</TEX>, respectively. As rearing density increased from <TEX>$5\%\;to\;7\%$</TEX>. the TAN removal efficiency decreased from <TEX>$22.0\%\;to\;17.7\%$</TEX>. At the rearing densities of <TEX>$5\%\;and\;7\%$</TEX>, the average TAN removal rates and removal efficiencies were <TEX>$38.8\;g/m^2{\cdot}day,\;15.6\%\;and\;37.8\;g/m^2{\cdot}day.\;17.7\%,$</TEX> respectively. The average TAN removal rate was <TEX>$37.8-38.8\;g/m^3{\cdot}day.$</TEX> The oxygen consumption by floating bead filter was higher than theoretical oxygen consumption rate by nitrification.

Evaluation of uncertainties in urban hydrology: application to volumes and pollutant loads in a storage and settling tank

It is necessary to assess adequately measurement uncertainties of experimental data in urban hydrology in order to draw pertinent and valuable conclusions from measurement results. This paper first gives a brief presentation of the concepts relative to standard uncertainties and to the law of propagation of uncertainties. Then it presents an example of calculation of the uncertainties in some quantities describing the behaviour of the Vénissieux (France) storage and settling tank during one rainfall event. These quantities are the flow rates and the volumes entering into the tank, the inflow and outflow mean concentrations and masses of TSS (Total Suspended Solids), and the TSS removal rate. Variographs are used to account for the autocorrelation of time series data. The results lead to the following relative uncertainties 8% for the total volume, 30% for the inflow concentration, 38% for the outflow concentration, 31% for the inflow mass, 39% for the outflow mass and 138% for the removal rate.

Application of the UASB technology for sewage treatment in a small community at sumare, sao Paulo state

Sumare City does not have sewage treatment, leading to the deterioration of water resources and public health conditions. There is a sewage treatment plan for the city's urbanized area. However, difficulties of financing delay the plan's implementation. Meanwhile, new small communities of low income population are built surrounding the city. That was not foreseen in the city's plan. So, the sanitation problem is constantly aggravated. The city's Water and Wastewater Department (Departamento de A'guas e Esgotos - DAE), worried by this situation tried out a new scheme to overcome this problem. One of these communities (235 houses) was chosen and a proposal was made to its inhabitants, which was accepted, to use an anaerobic digester to treat the sewage, DAE being the financer agent and the inhabitants reimbursing DAE. The UASB technology was made available by means of an agreement between DAE-Sumare and CETESB for technology transfer. DAE was responsible for the management and plant construction. The plant was started-up in May 1992. This is a successful experience in view of the non-existence of finance for the construction of sewage systems. A 67.5 m3 UASB reactor was built. The difficulties to establish the real costs for this were extremely high, and lead to cost reduction recommendation. Data collected for performance evaluation, over a period of fourteen months showed a difference compared to the 120 m3 UASB reactor experience, at CETESB, in Sao Paulo City. The influent and effluent Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) values, are higher than were experienced at CETESB. The average removal rates of BOD, COD and TSS are also higher, respectively 80%, 74% and 87%.

Feasibility of using foam fractionation for the removal of dissolved and suspended solids from fish culture water

The results of an experimental study on the feasibility of foam fractionation to remove suspended and dissolved solids from fish culture water are presented. Foam fractionation was found to concentrate volatile solids (VS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total suspended solids (TSS) in the foam condensate. Foam fractionation did not concentrate fixed solids (FS). Air flow rate and overflow height were found to be important operational factors in determining condensate concentration, condensate production and removal rates of VS. Predictive regression equations are presented to predict the performance of a typically configured foam fractionation device. Measurements of TKN and TSS in the foam condensate and fish culture water were well correlated with VS, indicating that VS measurements can be used to predict concentrations and removal rates of both TKN and TSS from fish culture waters that are similar to those analyzed.