Removal Of Tapes Research Articles

The Use of Different Techniques for Removal of Pressure Sensitive Tapes from Historical Paper Documents: A Review

The Use of Different Techniques for Removal of Pressure Sensitive Tapes from Historical Paper Documents: A Review

Implementing use of sucrose analgesia (non-pharmacological management of neonatal pain) in a standalone private facility level 3 neonatal care unit using point of care quality improvement methodology

BackgroundNeonatal pain not only has negative impact on the acute physiological parameters of the neonate but also has got the potential to cause long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities. However, neonatal pain especially...

Contact dermatitis in hemodialysis patients at Al Wakra hospital.

Background: Patients undergoing hemodialysis are exposed to various potential allergens from medication, dialysis catheters, topical antiseptics, and different adhesive dressings. Many patients develop a local allergic reaction and get itchy rashes, which may get infected, leading to significant morbidity and preventable health cost. In this study, we aimed to report the incidence of contact dermatitis (CD) and its potential complications in hemodialysis (HD) patients at the Al Wakra Hospital Dialysis unit.Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of documented local allergic reactions at vascular access sites for the HD patients at the Al Wakra Hospital.Results: Currently, 102 patients are getting maintenance HD through catheters or arteriovenous (AV) fistula. Twelve (14.4%) patients developed CD (7 [58%] had cuffed jugular dialysis catheter, and 5 [42%] had an AV fistula). Most patients (75%) developed CD in the early period of dialysis initiation, and 25% developed it later in the course. Most patients responded to removing adhesive plasters and dressing the vascular access site using gauze only and topical steroids (hydrocortisone 1% cream/mometasone 0.1% cream). Two (16.6%) of the 12 patients developed vascular access site infection, of whom 1 had an AV fistula and developed a severe rash with cellulitis leading to sepsis and 2 admissions, although blood cultures remained negative. The patient responded to IV antibiotics and local mometasone 0.1% cream. Complete removal of all adhesive tapes helped prevent recurrence of the rash. Later, dressing of the AV fistula site was performed only with a cotton gauze. The second patient had a jugular catheter and developed an allergic rash leading to cellulitis and tunnel infection. Swab culture showed Staphylococcus aureus from the exit site sensitive to cloxacillin/cefazolin. The patient improved after local and oral antibiotics and removal of adhesive tapes. The catheter was not removed, and the patient did well.Conclusion: The incidence of CD at our dialysis unit is 14.4%. Previously published reports from other dialysis units showed a lower incidence of 1.25%. Early identification and diagnosis of allergic rash at the vascular access site and avoidance of adhesive plasters and other potential allergens prevent complications like infection and loss of precious vascular accesses in these patients.

Pressure-sensitive Tape Removal in Paper Conservation: A Review

ABSTRACT The three treatment phases for pressure-sensitive tape removal included in this review are: removal of the carrier, adhesive removal from the paper surface, and adhesive removal from the paper interior. The latter process requires organic solvents. Solvent selection via the Teas chart or Zumbühl’s system are compared. Teas triangular chart supports the calculation of solvent mixtures with ideal mixing properties; Zumbühl’s bi-axial parametrization system supports solvent selection when solvent mixtures exhibit non-ideal behaviour and highlights vapour pressure as the solvent selection criterion. Strategies for working with solvents include a discussion of solvent mixtures and their application and the introduction of a suction disk design. Effects and common side effects of treatment are presented with examples. This review supports novices and practitioners in their treatment choices when dealing with the removal of pressure-sensitive tapes.

Innovative methods for the removal, and occasionally care, of pressure sensitive adhesive tapes from contemporary drawings

Aged pressure sensitive tapes (PSTs) can compromise the integrity and readability of drawings and paper artworks. Typically, PSTs on contemporary artifacts are difficult to remove owing to degradation processes and to the intrinsic sensitiveness of paper, inks and dyes to the solvents and tools used in the traditional conservation practice. Alternatively, we provide here a critical overview and expansion on the use of two recently developed methodologies for the removal of PSTs, based on the confinement of cleaning fluids in retentive gels. Various combinations of PSTs backings and adhesives were addressed on paper mock-ups containing different types of artistic media (inks, dyes), monitoring the ability of a hydrogel and an organogel to gradually exchange, respectively, an oil-in-water microemulsion or diethyl carbonate through the PSTs backings, swelling the adhesive layers and enabling safe PST removal. It was shown that the two methodologies are complementary as they target the removal of tapes with different components. In all cases, selective tape removal was carried out without uncontrolled bleeding of inks or transport of dissolved matter through the paper matrix, thanks to the retentiveness of the gels. The two cleaning systems were then assessed on four completely different artworks on paper, where they proved to be versatile tools to remove aged PSTs, or re-adhere detackified tapes that were part of the original artwork. Overall, the two methodologies complement each other and allowed overcoming the limitations of traditional cleaning approaches.

Alkyl carbonate solvents confined in poly (ethyl methacrylate) organogels for the removal of pressure sensitive tapes (PSTs) from contemporary drawings

Abstract The removal of aged pressure sensitive tapes (PSTs) from contemporary drawings is a frequent and challenging task for paper conservators: in this work, an innovative method to overcome this issue is presented. Aged PSTs are largely found on paper artworks due to their use for mending, mounting and framing operations. Nevertheless, they may provoke several drawbacks on artworks (e.g. media bleeding and adhesive mass migration): the necessity of their removal promoted the development of several methodologies, but they all pose risks to both artefacts and conservation professionals. We propose a method involving polymeric gels able to load a “green” solvent, pertaining to the class of alkyl carbonates, which efficiently interacts with PSTs components; the embedment of the solvent into the gel network allows a feasible and effective intervention where the gel is directly applied on the top surface of the PST: the solvent gradually penetrates through the plastic layer of the PST (as proved by laser scanning confocal microscopy measures), swelling the underlying adhesive. In this way, the solvent-artwork contact is controlled. In order to optimize the processing costs and final properties of the gels, three formulations of poly (ethyl methacrylate)-diethyl carbonate (PEMA-DEC) organogels were synthesized, using different diluents and additives. A thorough physicochemical investigation of the systems was performed by means of rheology, gravimetric analysis, thermogravimetry, and IR Spectroscopy. After assessment on representative mock-up samples, the developed systems were successfully used for the removal of six aged PSTs from a drawing on paper by Keith Haring.

Restoration of paper artworks with microemulsions confined in hydrogels for safe and efficient removal of adhesive tapes

The presence of pressure-sensitive tapes (PSTs) on paper artworks, either fortuitous or specifically applied for conservation purposes, is one of the most frequent and difficult issues encountered during restoration. Aged PSTs can damage or disfigure artworks, compromising structural integrity, readability, and enjoyment. Current procedures are often inherently hazardous for artistic media and paper support. Challenged by the necessity to remove PSTs from a contemporary and an ancient drawing (20th century, by artists da Silva and Hayter, and a 16th-century drawing of one figure from the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo), we addressed this issue from a physicochemical perspective, leveraging colloid and interface science. After a characterization of the specific PSTs present on the artifact, we selected a highly water-retentive hydrogel as the host of 23% wt/wt of "green" organic solvents uniformly dispersed within the gel in the form of nanosized droplets. The double confinement of the organic solvent in the nanodroplets and into the gel network promotes a tailored, controlled removal of PSTs of different natures, with virtually no interaction with the solvent-sensitive artwork. This noninvasive procedure allows complete retrieval of artwork readability. For instance, in the ancient drawing, the PST totally concealed the inscription, "di mano di Michelangelo" ("from Michelangelo's hand"), a possibly false attribution hidden by a collector, which is now perfectly visible and whose origin is currently under investigation. Remarkably, the same methodology was successful for the removal of aged PST adhesive penetrated inside paper fibers of a drawing from the celebrated artist Lucio Fontana.

1088 Efficacy of AD-DER emollient in an in vitro atopic dermatitis model

Alterations of the cornified layer imply barrier defects, including the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dehydration, desquamation and loss of lipid contents, which are all found in several inflammatory skin diseases, such as Atopic Dermatitis (AD). AD is characterized, among other factors, by altered epidermal differentiation and activation of the immune system at the skin level. Emollients are a standard of care, steroid-sparing, and useful for both prevention and maintenance therapy in AD. AD-DER is an emollient formulated specifically for skin affected by AD, which contains several active agents (liquorice extract, niacinamide, xylitol, laureth-9-polydocanol) to target the underlying AD disease pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of AD-DER emollient in the in vitro tape stripping (TS) AD model. TS showed a mechanically-induced skin barrier disruption, by 100 repeated applications and subsequent removal of type 3M adhesive tapes. 3D cultures were maintained in air-liquid interface in order to preserve the original tissue architecture and to obtain a vertical growth regenerating epidermis. TS model presented a complete removal of stratum corneum and lipids, a drastic decrease of structural and adhesion proteins, that are normally decreased in AD. AD-DER treatment in vitro restored the lipid content and the expression of the tight junction marker claudin, and the levels of differentiation markers, such as involucrin and caspase-14. This indicates that AD-DER tends to reinstate a normal differentiation, contributing to the normalization of epidermal homeostasis. In addition, the increase of TLR-1 and TLR-2 expression together with the decrease of keratin 16 (K16) levels after AD-DER treatment could be beneficial, given the TLR-1/TLR-2 reduced expression and K16 increased expression in AD.

993 - Removal of synthetic tapes and meshes: Surgical indications and outcomes

993 - Removal of synthetic tapes and meshes: Surgical indications and outcomes

ATR-FTIR characterization of old pressure sensitive adhesive tapes in historic papers

Abstract In this study, several deteriorated pressure sensitive adhesive tapes (PSATs) applied in the past for repairing ripped paper documents of 19th century and books of 20th century were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy technique. The comparison of FTIR spectra of the old tapes with those of some commercially available tapes subjected to accelerated aging allowed us to identify, in a fast and nondestructive way, the main classes of old tapes on the basis of their backing (cellophane, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene) and adhesive (natural rubber, synthetic rubber and acrylic polymer) compositions. This procedure's results were very useful to the paper restorers and conservators, who will have the possibility of choosing the most appropriate conservation treatment for the removal of pressure sensitive adhesive tapes that can be found on many paper documents.

Quick-release medical tape

Medical tape that provides secure fixation of life-sustaining and -monitoring devices with quick, easy, damage-free removal represents a longstanding unmet medical need in neonatal care. During removal of current medical tapes, crack propagation occurs at the adhesive-skin interface, which is also the interface responsible for device fixation. By designing quick-release medical tape to undergo crack propagation between the backing and adhesive layers, we decouple removal and device fixation, enabling dual functionality. We created an ordered adhesive/antiadhesive composite intermediary layer between the medical tape backing and adhesive for which we achieve tunable peel removal force, while maintaining high shear adhesion to secure medical devices. We elucidate the relationship between the spatial ordering of adhesive and antiadhesive regions to create a fully tunable system that achieves strong device fixation and quick, easy, damage-free device removal. We also described ways of neutralizing the residual adhesive on the skin and have observed that thick continuous films of adhesive are easier to remove than the thin islands associated with residual adhesive left by current medical tapes.

Reducing pain during the removal of adhesive and adherent products

Silicone Medical Adhesive Removers (SMARs) have proved a valuable addition to formularies. In the absence of SMARs, trauma following removal of adhesive dressings, ostomy products, retention tapes and monitoring equipment can lead to skin stripping or extension of existing wounds. Those at increased risk of skin stripping include groups such as older people, premature infants and neonates and those with skin fragility syndromes. Appeel® Sterile Sachet (CliniMed) is a sterile SMAR in liquid form supplied in a single-use sachet. The addition of this sterile product to the existing Appeel range of wipes and aerosols provides an adhesive remover suitable for use on broken skin. Unlike delivery from an aerosol, Appeel Sterile Sachet does not feel cold on application, a sensation which can be confused with pain. This article discusses the value of SMARs and in particular the advantages of using the single-use Appeel Sterile Sachet.

Fact or myth? Pain reduction in solvent-assisted removal of adhesive tape

To determine if solvent-assisted tape removal reduces pain when compared with dry tape removal. A double-blinded comparative study was performed, in which commonly used solvents, namely water, alcohol, peanut oil, sunflower oil, and Leukotape remover (BSN medical), were applied to six zinc oxide adhesive tapes (Leukoplast, BSN medical), 10 cm long, 2.5 cm wide that had been placed on the volar side of each forearm of adult volunteers. One tape was left dry. Pain was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and statistically analysed. There were no statistically significant differences in VAS pain scores between the used substances when compared with the dry tape (p=0.39). The use of oil (peanut and sunflower) caused remains of adhesive to occur significantly more often (p<0.05). Applying substances to ease pain associated with the removal of adhesive tapes does not lead to a reduction of pain when compared with dry tape. None.

Interpretation of the human skin biotribological behaviour after tape stripping

The present study deals with the modification of the human skin biotribological behaviour after tape stripping. The tape-stripping procedure consists in the sequential application and removal of adhesive tapes on the skin surface in order to remove stratum corneum (SC) layers, which electrically charges the skin surface. The skin electric charges generated by tape stripping highly change the skin friction behaviour by increasing the adhesion component of the skin friction coefficient. It has been proposed to rewrite the friction adhesion component as the sum of two terms: the first classical adhesion term depending on the intrinsic shear strength, τ(0), and the second term depending on the electric shear strength, τ(elec). The experimental results allowed to estimate a numerical value of the electric shear strength τ(elec). Moreover, a plan capacitor model with a dielectric material inside was used to modelize the experimental system. This physical model permitted to evaluate the friction electric force and the electric shear strength values to calculate the skin friction coefficient after the tape stripping. The comparison between the experimental and the theoretical value of the skin friction coefficient after the tape stripping has shown the importance of the electric charges on skin biotribological behaviour. The static electric charges produced by tape stripping on the skin surface are probably able to highly modify the interaction of formulations with the skin surface and their spreading properties. This phenomenon, generally overlooked, should be taken into consideration as it could be involved in alteration of drug absorption.

Dolor en el neonato: humanización del cuidado neonatal

En la práctica cotidiana en la unidad neonatal (UN) los recién nacidos son sometidos a una serie de procedimientos e intervenciones terapéuticas que ocasionan dolor, algunos niños nacen con prematurez extrema, requieren en algunas ocasiones hasta dos meses de manejo ventilatorio y procedimientos como colocación de catéteres percutáneos, acceso vascular, succión de secreciones, además del constante retiro de cintas adhesivas que lastiman la piel, los neonatos están expuestos hasta a 3 procedimientos dolorosos diariamente. El manejo de estos niños esta básicamente encaminado al tratamiento de las patologías de origen; sin embargo, el cuidado debe ser holístico, satisfaciendo sus necesidades en todos sus aspectos. Hoy en día se sabe por indicadores comportamentales y fisiológicos, que el dolor está presente en ellos, debe prevenirse y tratarse para evitar sufrimiento y efectos nocivos resultantes de cambios fisiológicos, hormonales y biológicos, que pueden reprogramar el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central debido a la percepción nociceptiva de los neonatos. La valoración y tratamiento del dolor neonatal debe ser multidisciplinario, a cargo de médicos, enfermeras y familiares, por lo que además del tratamiento farmacológico, es de gran utilidad el uso de técnicas no farmacológicas como por ejemplo el contacto madre-hijo, hablarle o arrullarlo.

Solvent Gels for Removing Aged Pressure-Sensitive Tape from Paper

The removal of pressure-sensitive tapes from paper, particularly aged rubber-based adhesives, is optimized with a poultice that consists of a solvent gel prepared with cetyl-hydroxyethylcellulose (PolySurf 67™ CS). The application necessitates interleaving with lens tissue or a TST (polyester) non-woven fabric. The application of the solvent gel allows more economical treatments of paper objects disfigured by aged tape adhesive. The article presents a case study involving the successful removal of a rubber-based discoloured adhesive from architectural drawings on tracing paper belonging to the Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt.

Effect of a water‐based no‐sting, protective barrier formulation and a solvent‐containing similar formulation on skin protection from medical adhesive trauma

Trauma to the skin from repeated removal of adhesive-based medical products can cause pain, anxiety, risk of secondary infections and additional health care costs. Skin barrier formulations are used to protect the integrity from such trauma. However, not all formulations are equally protective. We report the results of a randomised controlled study comparing a solvent-free (SF) formulation and a solvent-containing (SC) formulation to the skin of 12 healthy volunteers aged 18-55 years. Treatments were applied at baseline to two of the four test sites on the back of each subject and repeated for 5 days. Measurements of pain, discomfort, erythema and skin water loss were taken 24 hours after each application. The SF formulation is associated with lower mean scores for erythema (day 5, P < 0.05) and lower values for transepidermal water loss (day 5, P < 0.05) and redness (days 4 and 5, P < 0.05) when compared with either no treatment or daily treatment with a SC formulation. There were no significant differences between subject responses when pain on application of the test formulation or discomfort associated with removal of the medical adhesive tapes were rated. We conclude that a SF formulation provides better security against adhesive-derived skin trauma than a SC formulation.

Aqueous tape casting of PMN-PT powder prepared by the partial oxalate route

Aqueous tape casting of PMN-PT powder, prepared by the partial oxalate route, using PVA and glycerol as a binder and a plasticizer has been studied. The amount of PVA and glycerol required for forming green tape with good strength and flexibility has been optimized. The tape cast PMN-PT sintered to near theoretical density (>99% TD) at lower temperature (1200 °C) are compared to the samples prepared by uni-axial pressing (1270 °C). Flat PMN-PT tapes with good surface finish could be prepared by binder removal and sintering of the green tapes. The piezoelectric properties of the sintered tapes are comparable to that of PMN-PT ceramics reported in literature.

Treatment of Pain and Stress in the Neonate

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the pain assessment tools used for preterm and term neonates. 2. List painful procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). 3. Describe nonpharmacologic interventions for alleviating neonatal pain. 4. Describe pharmacologic methods used for neonatal analgesia. 5. Delineate the adverse effects of the common forms of pain relief. Neonates are sensitive to pain and vulnerable to both its short- and long-term effects. However, there is a lack of consistency in both attitudes and practices among NICU staff with regard to pain assessment and management in neonates. Recognition of the clinical importance of neonatal pain and stress has been delayed and hampered by the lack of awareness that newborns are capable of experiencing pain, insufficient knowledge about the developing nervous system, difficulty in assessing neonatal pain, lack of evidence for the safety and efficacy of different modalities available for the treatment of pain, and fears about adverse effects associated with analgesic use. Neonatal pain has been of minimal concern until the last 25 years. For example, at one time, neonates were given paralytic drugs without anesthesia for major surgical procedures because physicians believed that neonates were incapable of interpreting or remembering pain. Further, there was no understanding of the consequences of untreated pain. Newer technologies to sustain life have exposed neonates to multiple invasive procedures and prolonged hospital stays that are associated with acute and chronic pain and stress. In 2001, an international evidence-based group for neonatal pain developed guidelines for the assessment, prevention, and treatment of neonatal pain in an effort to standardize practices for physicians and health care facilities. Within the consensus statement, the group defined general principles to prevent and treat pain and listed the most commonly performed diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical procedures in the NICU. The guidelines also indicated the …

Conservation of the Allepo Codex

The Allepo Codex dates from the 10th century and is the oldest manuscript of the Old Testament in Hebrew. It was brought to the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, on permanent loan in 1986. The ensuing studies, analytical tests, and conservation treatment were carried out by the Department of Conservation. Conservation efforts took several directions: documentation, microorganism identification, protein fiber analysis and tests, and restoration treatment. The documentation procedures fell into three main groups: detailed examination of condition, making use of the Codex facsimile edition to illustrate the written report, and photography and collation. Several natural synthetic collagen connective tissues were studied and their properties tested and compared. The treatment of the individual leaves of parchment included mechanical and solvent cleaning, the removal of glue and pressure-sensitive tapes, ink consolidation on the vaccuum table, and filling of losses and stretching.