Removal Of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Research Articles

Efficient removal of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate employing chitosan-modified waste floral foam as adsorbent

The wide application of surfactants has brought about severe contamination to environment, especially, in aqueous media. In this connection, efficient removal of surfactant residues in waters is essential. In the present work, a commonly used surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was employed as a model surfactant for removal studies. A new adsorbent based on waste floral foam (FF) was prepared and employed to remove SDBS in various waters. Phenol formaldehyde resin-based waste FF was firstly activated with alkali aqueous, and then modified with chitosan (CS) to introduce active amino groups on the framework of FF to obtain the adsorbent based on CS-modified FF (CS@FF). Under the optimized synthesized conditions, the obtained adsorbent displayed satisfactory removal performance towards SDBS by means of multipoint and multitype interactions, 93.3 % SDBS was removed within 30 min. The adsorption behavior of CS@FF towards SDBS well fitted the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption model. In addition, increase of temperature favored the removal of SDBS. After the optimization of removal parameters, the CS@FF was used to remove SDBS in actual waters, and the achieved removal rates were obviously higher than that achieved on unmodified FF. The present study not only provides a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of surfactants, but also opens up a feasible route for reutilization of discarded FF.

A Janus branch filter for washing machines: Simultaneous removal of microplastics and surfactants

Emerging pollutants, such as microplastics (MPs), are becoming a significant issue worldwide. The highest percentage of MPs released into the environment occurs through daily laundry. The average weight of dreg obtained from 5 kg of laundry was 1.26 g/kg. According to energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analyses, the dreg consisted of MPs (78.3–89 wt%, organic elements: C/O) and alien materials (11–21.7 wt%, inorganic elements: Al/Fe/Ca, etc.). Thus, to reproduce the real environment, alien materials (Fe3O4 and CaCO3) were added to various types of model MPs in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) to test MP removal. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic MPs were generated upon laundering, accounting for 55–59% and 41–45% of MPs, respectively. We provide a novel approach to design a laundry filter system for the simultaneous removal of SDBS and hydrophilic/hydrophobic MPs.

A new and low-cost surface-functionalized corn straw adsorbent for adsorptive removal of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate: Adsorbent preparation and adsorption performance

Utilization of greywater can relieve the pressure of water scarcity. However, the widespread presence of anionic surfactants in greywater poses threats to the environment and the health of the human and ecosystem. In this study, bioinspired polyethyleneimine-tannic acid (PEI-TA) complexes were innovatively used for coating of corn straw (CS) and the as-prepared PEI-TA modified CS (PEI-TA@CS) was applied for adsorptive removal of the commonly found sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) in greywater. The adsorption performance of the modified CS was maximized under the following optimized preparation conditions: 5 g/L of PEI concentration with molecular weight of 3000 Da, 0.5 g/L of TA concentration and 3 h of modification time. Investigation of the adsorption conditions showed that adsorption of SDBS on the adsorbent were pH-independent at pH ≤ 7 and the adsorption process reached equilibrium in about 3 h. The pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich model fit well the kinetic and isotherms data, respectively, and the nature of the adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous. Mechanism analysis showed that the adsorption of SDBS was dominated by hydrophobic interactions. With a dosage of 100 mg, PEI-TA@CS could satisfactorily remove 94.95 % of SDBS from its aqueous solution (50 mg/L). Even in the complex synthetic greywater, the removal of SDBS still reached as high as 81.99 %. The overall results indicated that PEI-TA@CS has promising applications in the removal of anionic surfactants from greywater.

Construction of a recyclable chitosan-based aerogel-supported TiO2 catalyst for treating high-concentration surfactants

As high-concentration anionic surfactants easily form micelles, powdery catalysts exhibit low photocatalytic performance for treating anionic surfactants and are difficult to recycle. In this study, a recyclable chitosan-based aerogel-supported TiO2 catalyst was constructed to effectively treat high-concentration anionic surfactants using adsorption destroying micelles and in situ photocatalytic degradation of surfactants. Carboxylated carbon nanotubes/TiO2 (CCNT/TiO2) were loaded onto the skeleton of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-chitosan (CS) aerogel (PCA) by impregnation to prepare the CCNT/TiO2@PCA composite photocatalyst. CCNT/TiO2@PCA had a porous structure, and the catalyst particles were distributed on the skeleton. Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), a widely used anionic surfactant, was selected as the molecular probe. CCNT/TiO2@PCA exhibited excellent adsorption performance for SDBS (qm = 3154.5 mg g−1) and could destroy the micelles formed by a high concentration of SDBS (500 mg L−1). The SDBS removal rate by CCNT/TiO2@PCA reached 91.2% under UV light irradiation, which was 10 times faster than that of CCNT/TiO2. The excellent removal efficiency was mainly ascribed to the synergistic interaction between the electrostatic adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. The toxicity assessment indicated that the toxicity of the degradation intermediates was significantly lower than that of SDBS. After ten cycles, the removal of SDBS by CCNT/TiO2@PCA was 90.1%. Therefore, this study offers new insights into the construction of highly active photocatalysts for the treatment of high-concentration organic pollutants.

Adsorptive characteristics and performance of template-containing MCM-41 for removal of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate from aqueous solutions

Adsorptive characteristics and performance of template-containing MCM-41 for removal of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate from aqueous solutions

Degradation of SDBS in water solutions using plasma in gas-liquid interface discharge: Performance, byproduct formation and toxicity evaluation

Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS) is a major anionic surfactant and is widely used in the detergent industry. The large amount of SDBS discharged into water bodies can cause eutrophication of water bodies and produce toxic effects in aquatic organisms. In this study, the degradation of SDBS and variation in toxicity during the plasma treatment process were evaluated using gas-liquid interface discharge. The experimental results showed that SDBS could be removed effectively after discharge for 8 min at an initial concentration of 30 mg/L. The SDBS removal could be fitted by the first-order kinetic model. The plasma voltage and initial pH had great effects on the removal of SDBS. At the same voltage, SDBS could be removed faster under alkaline conditions. Compared to ozonation, much higher SDBS and TOC removal performance was achieved by plasma treatment. HO, which was mainly derived from the reaction of H2O2 and ozone in the solutions, played a major role in the oxidation process. The toxicity evaluation showed that plasma treatment could reduce the acute toxicity effectively initially, and also indicated that the formed intermediates of formate, oxalate, malonate and sulfate had no negative effects. However, further treatment caused an increase in toxicity, which was mainly correlated with the excessive residual H2O2 formed during the plasma process. This study indicated that while applying plasma treatment, the conditions should be optimized comprehensively to maintain a low H2O2 residual in the effluent.

Removal of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate using surface-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Abstract Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) is widely used as an efficient detergent in various fields. It is also used to remove radioactive atoms including Cs ions, and as a result, Cs-bound SDBS are generated during a nuclear decontamination process. A silica-based adsorbent with mesopores was prepared and surface-functionalized with amine groups to have a positively-charged pocket for SDBS with electrostatic attraction. The removal of SDBS using such an adsorbent was investigated under various conditions. The removal of high SDBS concentration (more than 2000 ppm) was successfully carried out using both a mesoporous structure and electrostatic attraction. The effects of the initial SDBS concentration, the concentration of adsorbent, the SDBS adsorption time, and the pH in the adsorption of SDBS with the mesoporous silica-based adsorbent were investigated in detail. In addition, the adsorption of Cs ion-bound SDBS was investigated for a practical decontamination process, implying that the adsorbent did not remove Cs ions together with SDBS.

Removal of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate by Macroporous Adsorbent Resins

Among the surfactants used for removal of radioactive nuclides generated from nuclear decontamination, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) is frequently used. A potential environmental problem of incomplete elimination of SDBS from radioactive liquid wastes (RLWs), which contain a high concentration of SDBS and radioactive nuclides, still remains. Removal of SDBS was evaluated by adsorption using commercially available, macroporous polymer-based adsorbents, HP20 and HP2MGL, which are styrene (St)- and methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based crosslinked resin beads, respectively. The effect of the macroporosity and chemical structure of the macroporous adsorbent resins (MARs) on the adsorption behavior was investigated. HP20 did not have any functionality for adsorbing SDBS, but it showed effective adsorption toward SDBS (less than 20 min to reach 90% adsorption), because of the hydrophobic interaction between the phenyl groups in the St unit in HP20 and in the SDBS. The removal of SDBS from a mixed solution of SDBS and Cs ions was investigated to elucidate the adsorption process in an imitation of the sort of RLWs. This investigation suggests that MARs can potentially be used for the removal of SDBS not only from a SDBS solution but also from a mixed solution of SDBS and Cs ions.

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from the Cones of Iranian Pine Trees (Pinus eldarica) by Chemical Activation with H3PO4 and Its Application for Removal of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Removal from Aqueous Solution

The purpose of this study is to synthesize activated carbon (AC) from the Iranian pine cone tree (Pinus eldarica) for the removal of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) from aqueous solution in batch experiments. Phosphoric acid with different saturation ratios is used for the synthesis of AC. The pyrolysis process is carried out in a ceramic furnace under nitrogen gas flow equal to 100 ml min−1 with a heating rate of 8 °C min−1 to 3 h in 750 °C. The precursor and synthesized ACs are characterized by titration, proximate, ultimate, elemental analysis, Boehm titration, SEM, BET, FT-IR, TGA, and XRF analysis. The acidic functional group is the most dominant group on the surface of prepared AC. The maximum surface area of 1580 m2 g−1 was obtained at an impregnation of 2 gg−1. The synthesized AC with a different impregnation ratio is used to remove the SDBS from aqueous solution in the batch system. The results show that AC with an impregnation ratio of 4 has the highest absorption capacity (93.10 mgg−1). The experimental kinetic data are analyzed with pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The results showed that pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides a better description of the adsorption process with R2 > 0.952.

Kinetic and thermodynamic study of adsorptive removal of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate using adsorbent based on thermo-chemical activation of coconut shell

Adsorptive separation of Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) using thermo-chemically and chemically activated coconut shell based adsorbent as well as using waste graphite powder has been investigated. The dependency of the extent of SDBS removal on pH, concentration, adsorbent dose and temperature has been demonstrated. Under optimized conditions, 92.84%, 39.41% and 34.23% SDBS could be removed in 3h using Phosphoric Acid Activated Coconut Shell-I (PAACS-I), Phosphoric Acid Activated Coconut Shell-II (PAACS-II) and graphite powder respectively. Adsorption kinetics was established to follow pseudo-second order mechanism and isotherm data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm. Maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 28.57mg/g under optimized conditions of pH as 2, adsorbent dose of 3g/L and temperature of 293K. It was also established that adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. Appreciable activity till 5th reuse cycle confirmed promising nature of the adsorbent.

Decomposition of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate surfactant by Electro/Fe2+-activated Persulfate process from aqueous solutions

<p>The decomposition of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), which is a dangerous and anionic surfactant, was investigated by the electro/Fe<sup>2+</sup>/persulfate process from aqueous solutions. The activation of persulfate anion and production of active radicals were performed by means of heat, UV and iron ions (released from iron electrodes). The finding illustrated that the pH value of the solution, initial concentration of persulfate anion, the amount of input voltage and iron dosage were entirely effective in SDBS removal. Nearly 100% of SDBS was removed under the optimum conditions: pH 3, voltage 10 V, anion persulfate concentration 25 mM/L, iron ion dosage 0.25 g/L and reaction time 25 min. Furthermore, the application of the persulfate anion process in concert with the electrochemical process, in order to generate electrical iron and persulfate activation, had a better performance compared to separate methods.</p>

Optimized Removal of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate by Fenton-Like Oxidation Using Response Surface Methodology

This study investigates the degradation of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) in aqueous solution by the Fenton-like oxidation process. The effects of different parameters such as concentrations of ferric chloride and hydrogen peroxide, pH and reaction time on the SDBS removal and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction were evaluated. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to study and optimize the oxidation process. A quadratic polynomial equation could accurately model the SDBS removal with an R2 of 0.98. The results showed that pH and time were the most significant parameters affecting SDBS removal and COD reduction, respectively. A high SDBS (90.5%) and COD (70.7%) reduction efficiency were obtained at the optimal conditions of 60 min, pH 4 and 8.82 mM of H2O2 and 3.67mM of Fe+3. In this work, the effects of some organic compounds on the degradation of SDBS by the Fenton-like process were examined. The results showed that 50 mgL-1of oxalic acid slightly enhanced the SDBS degradation efficiency while acetic acid and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) reduced it.

Highly mesoporous K2CO3 and KOH/activated carbon for SDBS removal from water samples: Batch and fixed-bed column adsorption process

This manuscript evaluates the behavior of activated carbon (AC) prepared from the cones biomass of Iranian pine trees, with high mesoporosity and a large specific surface area, as a high potential adsorbent for sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) in batch and continuous systems. The AC samples were prepared from pine tree cones by chemical activation with different impregnation ratios of K2CO3 and KOH. The materials were characterized by Boehm titration, approximate elemental, SEM, FT-IR, TGA, XRF analyses and BET surface area measurement. In a batch process, the effects of various parameters such as adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and initial SDBS concentration and temperature were considered. Six different adsorption isotherms were applied to equilibrium data. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were used to estimate the adsorption kinetic data. The experimental data resulted in excellent fits with the Redlich-Peterson isotherm and that the pseudo-second-order described the best description of adsorption data. Thomas and Yan models were used in describing the experimental data in a continuous system. The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), entropy (ΔS°) and activation energy (Ea) were analyzed. The contrasting negative and positive values of ΔG° and ΔH°, respectively, indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature, and the obtained Ea confirmed chemisorption of SDBS adsorption onto AC. The adsorptive behavior of AC was also investigated with different bed heights, flow rates and the initial concentrations of SDBS. These results, by the recovery of 88% after five successive cycles, indicated that the combination of sulfuric acid and ethanol with a ratio of 4:6 is suitable for desorbing SDBS from AC.

High adsorption capacity of MWCNTs for removal of anionic surfactant SDBS from aqueous solutions

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are an effective adsorbent for removing various organic and inorganic contaminants because of their high surface area. In this study, MWCNTs were used to investigate the removal of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) in industrial wastewater. The effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, dispersion time and temperature on kinetics and equilibrium of SDBS sorption on MWCNTs were examined. Consistent with an endothermic reaction, an increase in the temperature resulted in decreasing SDBS adsorption rate. The adsorption kinetic was well fitted by pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm data could be well described by the Freundlich equations. The results suggest that MWCNT could be employed as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of SDBS from aqueous media.

Highly precise detection, discrimination, and removal of anionic surfactants over the full pH range via cationic conjugated polymer: an efficient strategy to facilitate illicit-drug analysis.

A water-soluble cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE), poly(1,4-bis(6-(1-methylimidazolium)-hexyloxy)-benzene bromide) (PMI) displays extraordinary stability over the full pH range of 1-14 as well as in seawater, brine, urine, and other solutions and carries out efficient detection, discrimination, and removal of moderately dissimilar anionic surfactants (viz., sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) at very low levels (31.7 and 17.3 parts per billion (ppb), respectively). PMI formed stable hydrogels in the presence of SDS that remained unaffected by strong acids/bases, heating, ultrasonication, or exposure to light, whereas SDBS formed precipitate with PMI as a result of its different interpolymer cofacial arrangement via Columbic attraction. The complex-forming ability of PMI with SDS and SDBS facilitated their elimination from water or drug-doped urine samples without the use of any organic solvent, chromatographic technique, or solid support. This protocol, the first of its kind for the removal of anionic surfactants at very low concentrations from any type of solution and competitive environments, demonstrates an original application using a CPE. The surfactant-free sample solutions could be precisely analyzed for the presence of illicit drugs by any standard methods. Using PMI, a newly developed CPE, a rapid and practical method for the efficient detection, discrimination, and removal of SDS and SDBS at ppb levels from water and urine, under harsh conditions, and in natural chemical environments is demonstrated.

Removal of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate by Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor, Using Synthetic Media

Materials and Methods: In this study, the media was from the 2H Company with specific surface of 535 m 2 /m 3 and the experiment reactor was made of a 4-mm plexiglass. The experiment was conducted by using two reactor, as one of them was without media, with exactly similar conditions to compare their operations. The standard method (MBAS) was used to measure the anionic surfactant. The concentrations of the examined anionic surfactant were 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L in hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 72, 24 and 8 hours. Results: The removal percentage for both reactors at 50 mg/L concentration of pollutant was same, but after gradually increasing the pollutant concentration and decreasing the HRT, the media-containing reactor had significant efficiency in comparison with the other one. The optimum condition in this experiment was obtained at HRT of about 24 hours and 200 mg/L pollutant concentration with 99.2% removal. Conclusions: Regarding the anionic surfactant standard in Iran which is 1.5 mg/L for surface water discharge, using this process is suitable for treating municipal wastewater and industrial wastewater, containing 100-200 mg/L pollutant. However, for the industries that produce detergents, discharging more than 200 mg/L surfactants to the wastewater, using supplementary treatments for achieving the discharge standard are required.

Surfactant Recovery by Foam Fractionation using the Gas-Liquid Contactor, Emulsion Venturi

Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), an anionic surfactant, was removed from its aqueous solution by foam fractionation in an emulsion venturi, a gas-liquid contactor functioning in self-aspiration. The performance of the reactor was evaluated by measuring the self-aspired gas flow and the mass transfer coefficient in the presence and the absence of SDBS. Data confirmed that both the gas flow self-aspired and the mass transfer coefficient increased with increasing the recirculated liquid flow. However, the presence of SDBS decreased the mass transfer capacity of the reactor influencing self-aspiration capacity in a positive manner. The percentage removal of SDBS in the emulsion venturi increased with increasing the recirculated liquid flow; at the highest liquid flow value used in this work (1.4 m3/h), 96% of SDBS was removed from the solution after 20 min of foam operating. The process was dependant on initial surfactant concentration. Neutral pH and temperature of 25°C were the optimal conditions for the foam separation of SDBS in the emulsion venturi.

Characterization and Catalytic Activity of Fenton-Like Catalyst: Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Attapulgite

Fe2O3/attapulgite(ATP) catalyst was successfully prepared for Fenton reaction to degrade an anion surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS)，in an aqueous solution. BET, SEM, FT-IR were performed to characterize Fe2O3/ ATP catalyst. Comparative studies indicated that the SDBS degradation ratios were much higher in presence of Fe2O3/ATP and H2O2 than those in presence of Fe2O3/ATP or H2O2 only, which suggested that the Fe2O3/ATP-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction governed the SDBS removal process. It also can be seen that Fe2O3/ATP-catalyzed Fenton-like reaction almost has the same efficiency as homogeneous Fenton reaction, while the former can be reused and has no secondary pollutants.

Degradation of Surfactants by an Integrated Nanobubbles/VUV Irradiation Technique

Recently, many efforts have been devoted to the elimination of alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) surfactants from aqueous systems. In this paper, a water and wastewater treatment technique that uses an 8-W low-pressure mercury lamp in the presence of nanobubbles (diameter = 720 nm) was demonstrated for the decomposition of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), as a model compound in aqueous solution. Degradation experiments were conducted with an ozone lamp (185−254 nm), both with and without nanobubbles. The result shows that the oxidation and mineralization rate of SDBS were significantly enhanced under 185−254 nm irradiation by oxygen nanobubbles. Although a high concentration of surfactant was used in this study, SDBS removal is effective in the integrated nanobubbles/vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) system, via the observation of 99.8% SDBS oxidation and 76.8% total organic compound (TOC) removal after 24 h of irradiation. The current study investigates the effect of size of bubble on the mineralization rate of SDBS. Furthermore, the rates of surfactant degradation were compared with those of nonsurfactant such as benzene sulfonate (BS). It was found that the mineralization of SDBS surfactants with nanobubbles was observed to be more effective than that with microbubbles (diameter = 75.8 μm). The comparative results show that the mineralization rate of surfactants was much faster than nonsurfactant in the presence of nanobubles under 185−254 nm irradiation. Based on the experimental results and kinetic degradation model, we concluded that the enhancement on the mineralization of surfactants is attributed to the high adsorption capability of nanobubbles, because of the small particle size offering a large surface area to facilitate the reaction.

Anionic Surfactants Removal by Natural Coagulant/Flocculant Products

A new tannin-based coagulant and flocculant agent has been tested on the removal of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), a dangerous and pollutant anionic surfactant. It is called Tanfloc and consists of a chemically modified tannin extract from Acacia mearnsii de Wild. Tanfloc has been revealed as an efficient product in anionic surfactant removal. Around 70% of SDBS removal has been achieved with Tanfloc doses of 150 mg·L−1. pH has a negative influence on surfactant removal, while the higher the initial surfactant concentration is the higher q capacity is obtained. Theoretical data adjustment has been carried out according to three different models: Frumkin−Fowler−Guggenheim (FFG), Gu and Zhu (G−Z), and Freundlich (F). Adjustment parameters have been obtained with r2 levels above 0.90 in all cases.