Removal Of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Research Articles

Influence of Seasonal Temperature on the Removal of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate by Kaolinite from Natural Water

Influence of Seasonal Temperature on the Removal of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate by Kaolinite from Natural Water

Combination of Hypotonic Lysis and Application of Detergent for Isolation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Extremophiles.

Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), microbial biopolyesters, employing extremophilic microorganisms is a very promising concept relying on robustness of such organisms against microbial contamination, which provides numerous economic and technological benefits. In this work, we took advantage of the natural susceptibility of halophilic and thermophilic PHA producers to hypotonic lysis and we developed a simple and robust approach enabling effective isolation of PHA materials from microbial cells. The method is based on the exposition of microbial cells to hypotonic conditions induced by the diluted solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at elevated temperatures. Such conditions lead to disruption of the cells and release of PHA granules. Moreover, SDS, apart from its cell-disruptive function, also solubilizes hydrophobic components, which would otherwise contaminate PHA materials. The purity of obtained materials, as well as the yields of recovery, reach high values (values of purity higher than 99 wt.%, yields close to 1). Furthermore, we also focused on the removal of SDS from wastewater. The simple, inexpensive, and safe technique is based on the precipitation of SDS in the presence of KCl. The precipitate can be simply removed by decantation or centrifugation. Moreover, there is also the possibility to regenerate the SDS, which would substantially improve the economic feasibility of the process.

Activation of persulfate for degradation of sodium dodecyl sulfate by a hybrid catalyst hematite/cuprous sulfide with enhanced FeIII/FeII redox cycling

Surfactants are recalcitrant compounds that require advanced treatment for their degradation. Heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using iron-based catalysts can be a promising method for surfactant degradation. The acceleration of the FeIII/FeII redox cycling is the key to enhance the catalytic degradation. Herein, a hybrid catalyst composed of α-Fe2O3 and Cu2S was synthesized to improve the reduction of FeIII in a heterogeneous persulfate-AOP system. The results of XRD, Raman and TEM demonstrated the successful preparation of the hybrid catalyst. Because of the optimized FeII regeneration, the AOP containing the catalyst FC75 achieved 100.0% removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in a neutral aquatic environment, significantly higher than 22.9 ± 2.4% with pure α-Fe2O3 or 39.6 ± 2.5% with pure Cu2S. The catalyst FC75 demonstrated effective SDS removal in the recycling test (82.7 ± 7.0% after six recycling test) and in actual wastewater (84.4 ± 4.5%). The regeneration of FeII was confirmed by the increased proportion of FeII from 39.5% in the fresh catalyst to 42.6% in the used catalyst. The main active species was revealed to be sulfate radicals under an acidic condition and shifted to hydroxyl radicals under a basic condition. In the hybrid catalyst, α-Fe2O3 provided FeII to activate persulfate to radicals, with an oxidation product of FeIII, which was then reduced to FeII by CuI provided by Cu2S, coupling with the oxidation of CuI to CuII. The S element in Cu2S could directly or indirectly facilitate the FeIII/FeII redox cycling as an electron donor. Those results have demonstrated that the developed hybrid catalyst is able to promote FeII regeneration for effective SDS removal.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Dependent Disassembly and Reassembly of Soybean Lipophilic Protein Nanoparticles: An Environmentally Friendly Nanocarrier for Resveratrol.

The development of protein-based nanocarriers to improve the water solubility, stability, and bioavailability of hydrophobic or poorly soluble bioactive molecules has attracted increasing interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a network-like nanostructure of soybean lipophilic protein (LP) was obtained through sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-dependent decomposition and recombination. This nanostructure served as an excellent nanocarrier for resveratrol (Res), a poorly soluble biologically active molecule. The structure of LP gradually decomposed into its independent subunits at SDS concentrations ≤5% (w/v). After the removal of SDS, the dissociated subunits partially reassembled into a fibrous network-like nanostructure in which the Res molecules were encapsulated, and they preferentially interacted with the hydrophobic subunits (α and α' subunits and the 24 kDa subunit) of the protein. This system exhibited a high encapsulation efficiency (95.93%), high water solubility (85.29%), extraordinary oxidation resistance (DPPH radical scavenging activity of 67.1%), and improved Res digestibility (78.7%).

Reclamation of actual automobile wash wastewater combined with energy recovery in 3D- microbial fuel cell packed with acid-activated multi walled carbon nanotubes coated anode

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a modern technique for treating industrial wastewater and converting the organic content to bioenergy. However, improvements and modifications of MFCs are necessary to overcome the internal resistance and improve the transfer process of electrons. Nanomaterials such as multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) could be a promising material to be contributed in the MFCs modifications. In this study, two identically designed vertical flow packed bed dual chamber 3D-MFCs were constructed and operated in a continuous mode. Both MFCs were fueled with actual automobile wash wastewater (AWW) and inoculated with anaerobic aged sludge. One microbial fuel cell named as MFC1 was packed with graphite granules coated by pristine MWCNTs. The second MFC named as MFC2 was packed with graphite granules coated by acids-activated MWCNTs using a mixture of HCl, H2SO4, and HNO3 as a new approach for of MWCNTs activation. Removal efficiency of organic content and bioenergy generation were considered to evaluate the performance of the 3D-MFCs. The results revealed that the removal efficiency of the organic matters was relatively comparable in both 3D-MFCs. Maximum removal efficiency of COD was 87%±2.0 and 90%±1.1in MFC1 and MFC2, respectively. On the contrary, the power output in MFC2 was higher than its value in the MFC1. Maximum achieved power density was 332 mW/m3 and 462 mW/m3 in MFC and MFC2, respectively indicating the effect of acid activation on promoting the electrode conductivity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in addition to oil and grease (O&G) were found in considerable concentrations in the actual AWW. The removal of SDS and O&G was 87.3%±1.1 and 83% ±2.0 in MFC1, whereby, in MFC2 it was 99.99%±0.1 and 88%±1.7, respectively. The promising results potentially encourage the application of the suggested technique for automobile wash wastewater.

Plant-Microbe Synergism in Floating Treatment Wetlands for the Enhanced Removal of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate from Water

Excessive use of detergents in wide industrial processes results in unwanted surfactant pollution. Among them, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) has well-known history to be used in pharmaceutical and industrial applications. However, if discharged without treatment, it can cause toxic effects on living organisms especially to the aquatic life. Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) could be a cost-effective and eco-friendly options for the treatment of wastewater containing SDS. In this study, FTWs mesocosms were established in the presence of hydrocarbons-degrading bacteria. Two plant species (Brachiaria mutica and Leptochloa fusca) were vegetated and a consortium of bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. strain BRSI56, Acinetobacter junii strain TYRH47, and Acinetobacter sp. strain CYRH21) was applied to enhance degradation in a short-time. Results illustrated that FTWs vegetated with both plants successfully removed SDS from water, however, bacterial augmentation further enhanced the removal efficiency. Maximum reduction in SDS concentration (97.5%), chemical oxygen demand (92.0%), biological oxygen demand (94.2%), and turbidity (99.4%) was observed in the water having FTWs vegetated with B. mutica and inoculated with the bacteria. The inoculated bacteria showed more survival in the roots and shoots of B. mutica as compared to L. fusca. This study concludes that FTWs have the potential for the removal of SDS from contaminated water and their remediation efficiency can be enhanced by bacterial augmentation.

Removal of sodium dodecyl sulphate from wastewater and its effect on anodic biofilm and performance of microbial fuel cell

This investigation demonstrates that sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) can be biodegraded efficaciously in MFC within a retention time of 12 h. The application of MFC for degradation of SDS and its corresponding effect on the power generation and organic matter removal capacity of MFC was first time quantified in this investigation. This investigation also illustrated the SDS induced microbial diversification of the anodic biofilm and correlates the same with the established SDS degradation pathway. Presence of microbial strains, such as Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Treponema etc., capable of degrading complex and refractory organics was identified using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of the anodic biofilm. Compared to the identical control MFC, the power performance of MFC-SDS reduced by 66%. This was attributed to the inhibitory effect of SDS on the cell membrane as well as the biofilm growth. Furthermore, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and SDS removal efficiencies exhibited that the microbes preferred L-cysteine over SDS as a substrate due to higher bioavailability of the former. In spite of the preferential choice of L-cysteine over SDS and the inhibitory effect of SDS over the formation of anodic biofilm, a constant SDS removal efficiency of 70% and above was achieved.

A simple apparatus for electrokinetic removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate from protein digests.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in proteomics samples needs to be removed and estimated prior to mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis and to avoid MS ion-source contamination. Here, we describe an organic solvent free method to remove SDS using a simple apparatus that mainly consists of an agarose gel inside a 1mL plastic micropipette tip and a voltage power supply with electrodes. A small volume of sample (e.g., 50 μL) is loaded on top of the gel and then voltage (cathode at the sample side) is applied with an acidic solution at the other end of the micropipette tip. Within 25min, SDS was removed (e.g., ≥99% SDS in 3.5mM SDS) and the peptides were retained in the sample solution. The strategy was compared to the commercially available and expensive Pierce spin column for the removal of SDS and recovery of peptides from a digested bovine serum albumin sample.

Denaturing Lysis of Cells for Immunoprecipitation.

The only way to solubilize many antigens for immunoprecipitation is by denaturation. This cell lysis protocol is ideally suited for this purpose to release proteins from complex structures or reveal antibody epitopes hidden within native proteins. Short linear epitopes may not be accessible to antibodies within the native tertiary and quaternary protein structures, but they become exposed upon the unraveling of proteins, exposing their secondary structure. Antibodies otherwise not suitable for the immunoprecipitation of proteins prepared under nondenaturing conditions are now able to bind these antigens of interest in cell lysates prepared under denaturing conditions. These antibodies may also work well for immunoblotting purposes when the protein target is completely denatured. Harvested cells in this protocol are washed in tris-buffered saline (TBS) before lysis in 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-containing Lysis buffer for 10 min at 100°C. The resulting sample is diluted 20-fold in TBS to reduce the SDS concentration to ≤0.1% before the addition of an antibody for immunoprecipitation. Addition of 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) or 0.1% Nonidet P-40 to the TBS before an immunoprecipitation, respectively, ensures either removal of SDS from the target protein or retaining denatured proteins in solution.

Electromembrane extraction of sodium dodecyl sulfate from highly concentrated solutions.

This fundamental work investigated the removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from highly concentrated samples by electromembrane extraction (EME). SDS concentrations were in the range of 0.1-1.0% w/v, covering both sub- and super-critical micellar concentrations (CMC). Under optimal conditions, we extracted SDS from 100 μL aqueous sample, through 3 μL supported liquid membrane (SLM) and into 200 μL 10 mM NaOH in water as waste solution. The SLM comprised 1.0% w/w Aliquat 336 in 1-nonanol, and extraction voltage was 5 V. From 0.1% SDS samples, EME removed 100% during 30 minutes operation (100% clearance). SDS concentration above the critical micellar concentration (CMC) challenged the capacity of the system. Thus, to reach 100% clearance from 0.5% samples, we extracted for 120 minutes and replenished the SLM after 60 minutes. Increasing the membrane area of the SLM from 28 mm2 to 43 mm2 provided 100% clearance from 0.5% samples after 30 min EME. Complete clearance of 1.0% SDS samples was not achieved under the tested conditions, and maximal clearance was 60%. Mass balance experiments demonstrated that most of the removed SDS is trapped in the SLM, rather than transferring to the waste solution. For super-CMC samples, aggregation of SDS in the SLM exceeded the SLM capacity and impeded further mass transfer.

Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) of mercury-contaminated wastewater: Experimental and artificial neural network modeling

MEUF was applied efficiently to remove mercury (Hg) from simulated wastewater by using polyacrylonitrile membrane and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant. In this process leakage of surfactant monomer to permeate water causing a secondary pollution that was addressed by using MEUF followed by activated carbon fiber (MEUF-ACF). The effect of operating parameters including, concentration of Hg and pH of feed solution, molar ratio of SDS to Hg, and retentate pressure was investigated to optimize MEUF process. Moreover, artificial neural network (ANN) model was proposed to predict Hg removal efficiency to optimize MEUF process without doing laborious and time-consuming experimental work. ANN model performance was evaluated on the basis of statistical values such as mean square error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2).The experimental results presented that optimum operating parameters were found as 10 ppm of Hg concentration, pH 7.0, molar ratio of SDS to Hg 8:1 and retentate pressure was 1.5 bar. MEUF results showed 95.75% and 50.91% removal of Hg and SDS, respectively, while 96.83% Hg and 97.15% of SDS rejection was achieved using MEUF-ACF. The statistical values of proposed ANN model presented high degree of agreement between experimental and predicted values by ANN (R2>0.95 for training, validation and testing dataset). Resultantly, MEUF-ACF can eradicate issue of secondary pollution and proposed ANN model can be a competitive, powerful and fast alternate to laborious experimental work for MEUF process optimization.

Fabrication of ZnO/FeVO4 heterojunction nanocomposite with high catalytic activity in photo-Fenton-like process

In this study, a novel heterojunction ZnO/FeVO4 nanocatalyst was synthesized through a simple method and used in a photo-Fenton-like oxidation reaction for the removal of an anionic surfactant. The synergistic effect of UV-light induced photocatalysis and Fenton-like process on the removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum SDS removal efficiency (99.0%) was achieved using 40 mg of the nanocomposite, 1.57 mL of H2O2 at pH 5.5 and 45 min. Compared to the pure FeVO4 and ZnO nanocatalysts, the synthesized nanocomposite exhibited higher catalytic activity in the degradation of SDS. Kinetic studies showed that the process could be described with pseudo-first-order, modified Freundlich and parabolic-diffusion models. The catalyst was also successfully applied for the treatment of real wastewaters containing surfactants. The facile synthesis, high catalytic activity and excellent reusability makes the ZnO/FeVO4 nanocatalyst promising for future applications in environmental remediation.

Adsorptive removal of surfactant using dolochar: A kinetic and statistical modeling approach.

Disturbingly high rates of consumption of surfactants in household and industries have led to mark them as emerging contaminants in the environment. In the present work, removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, using an industrial waste (dolochar) was explored. The adsorbent material was characterized with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Kinetic evaluation was performed using first, pseudo-first, second, and pseudo-second order models. Adsorption of SDS over dolochar was expressed best by pseudo-second order kinetic model with regression coefficient (R2 ) of .99. Three input parameters including adsorbent dose (20-10g/L), initial concentration (30-100mg/L) of the surfactant, and contact time (2-60min) were chosen for optimization using response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) approach. A total of 15 experiments were run to examine the effect of these variables on removal of SDS by dolochar in a multivariate system. A regression analysis indicated the experimental data fitted well to a quadratic polynomial model with coefficient of regression (R2 ) as .99. ANOVA and lack-of-fit test depicted the precision and efficiency of the model. The optimized conditions for SDS removal were found to be adsorbent dose 16.62g/L, contact time 40min, and initial concentration 47mg/L with removal efficiency as 98.91%. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Daily ablutions and use of personal care products introduce a number of surfactants and recalcitrant compounds into the environment. Adsorption is a handy and easy to operate treatment technique to remove graywater pollutants. Kinetic and statistical modeling may be recommended as one of the most prominent tools to understand the removal mechanism. Decentralized treatment of graywater using industrial wastes is recommended as sustainable solution in the developing nations.

Evaluation of vacuum washing in the removal of SDS from decellularized bovine pericardium: method and device description

AimsThe aim of this study was to present a new method for removing Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergent from decellularized bovine pericardium using vacuum. Materials and MethodsThe cows’ pericardia were collected and decellularized. The samples were incubated with SDS1% for 48 h at 40 °C. To perform vacuum washing (VW: negative pressure was used to wash and remove detergents), every decellularized tissue was cut in 75mm diameter and fixed via a stainless-steel ring with 60mm diameter in the center of filtration Buchner Funnel which was connected to glass filtration flask The system was connected to a vacuum pump by a hose, and a negative pressure of -100 mmHg was applied for 15 min. Then, the samples were shaken and washed at 40-rpm in 100 ml of distilled water for 45 min. This process was repeated for samples of each group (6 times for sample VW6h, 12 times for sample VW12h, and 24 times for sample VW24h). At the end of every cycle, the effluent was collected to take a sample for SDS measurement. The normal washing (NW) group containing distilled water (NWd) and PBS (Phosphate buffered saline) (NWp) were used to wash and remove detergents. SDS measurements, MTT Assay, histological and tensile test, to compare two methods were used. ResultsThe highest SDS in the effluent was in groups VW12h and VW24h (P ≤ 0.001) and the lowest residual SDS in scaffold was in two groups of VW12h and VW24h (P ≤ 0.001). MTT assay showed that cell survival in the VW12h and VW24h groups was higher than other groups and there' was no significant difference between cell survival in the VW12h and VW24h groups. Histological study showed destruction of tissue in the VW24h group. The results of the tensile test were shown that the native group had the highest module and the lowest amount was the VW24h sample which was reported with P ≤ 0.001 significance for all groups. ConclusionVW12h can be used as an effective method for SDS removal from decellularized pericardium which morphologically demonstrated a good structure in ECM.

Analysis of Chemically Labile Glycation Adducts in Seed Proteins: Case Study of Methylglyoxal-Derived Hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1).

Seeds represent the major source of food protein, impacting on both human nutrition and animal feeding. Therefore, seed quality needs to be appropriately addressed in the context of viability and food safety. Indeed, long-term and inappropriate storage of seeds might result in enhancement of protein glycation, which might affect their quality and longevity. Glycation of seed proteins can be probed by exhaustive acid hydrolysis and quantification of the glycation adduct Nɛ-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This approach, however, does not allow analysis of thermally and chemically labile glycation adducts, like glyoxal-, methylglyoxal- and 3-deoxyglucosone-derived hydroimidazolones. Although enzymatic hydrolysis might be a good solution in this context, it requires aqueous conditions, which cannot ensure reconstitution of seed protein isolates. Because of this, the complete profiles of seed advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are not characterized so far. Therefore, here we propose the approach, giving access to quantitative solubilization of seed proteins in presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and their quantitative enzymatic hydrolysis prior to removal of SDS by reversed phase solid phase extraction (RP-SPE). Using methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1 (MG-H1) as a case example, we demonstrate the applicability of this method for reliable and sensitive LC-MS-based quantification of chemically labile AGEs and its compatibility with bioassays.

Adsorptive removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate using activated coconut shell based adsorbent: kinetic and thermodynamic study

Adsorptive removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate using activated coconut shell based adsorbent: kinetic and thermodynamic study

Removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate from protein samples

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a widely used detergent for protein denaturation and solubilization. However, application of SDS in the sample preparation for the liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis is limited because commonly used SDS concentrations interfere with reversed phase liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In order to analyse SDS pretreated proteins by the above-mentioned methods SDS must be completely removed or its concentration must be lowered to less than 0.01%. In this work we present a comparison of different SDS removal strategies based on SDS ultrafiltration, protein precipitation and SDS precipitation methods. Every strategy was optimized so that the initial 4% SDS concentration was lowered to less than 0.01% and the initial sample volume remained unchanged. The modified Mukerjee’s photometric method was used for the SDS quantitation in the presence of model protein bovine serum albumin and the recovery of model protein was evaluated using reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography. The main advantages and drawbacks of every strategy are discussed.

Effect of anion co-existence on ionic organic pollutants removal over Ca based layered double hydroxide

The effects of co-existing anions (NO3− or SO42−) on the removal of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), representing anionic organic pollutants, by Ca-based layered double hydroxide (CaAl-LDH-Cl) are investigated to provide fundamental insights on the ionic surfactant removal in the presence of co-existing anions, and facilitate the establishment of a practical and advanced water treatment for environmental remediation. The SO42− system shows higher adsorption capacity (4.43 mmol·g−1) and larger d-spacing of adsorption resultant (3.4 nm) than the control system with no co-existing anion (3.64 mmol·g−1, 3.25 nm) and the NO3− system (3.82 mmol·g−1, 3.27 nm). The macroscopic and microscopic analyses reveal that, NO3− had a little influence on the SDS removal due to strong electrolysis, while SO42− could significantly promote the SDS removal. Moreover, the reaction mechanism varies under different molar ratios of DS−/SO42−.

Membrane-Free Electrokinetic Device Integrated to Electrospray-Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Removal of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Enrichment of Peptides.

The removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in SDS-assisted proteomics with electrospray-ionization-mass-spectrometric (ESI-MS) analysis is an essential step in the analysis. Off-line state-of-the-art sample-preparation strategies can allow 100% removal of DS- and up to 100% peptide recoveries. These strategies, however, are typically laborious and require long analysis times and a complex experimental setup. Here, we developed a simple, membrane-free, electrokinetic, on-line, integrated SDS removal-ESI-MS device that was able to enhance ESI-MS signals of bradykinin and peptides from trypsin-digested bovine serum albumin (BSA) in samples that contained SDS micelles. The significant peptide-signal improvements were contributed by the complete removal of DS- and the enrichment of the peptides in the presence of an electric field. Enrichment was via micelle-to-solvent stacking, initially developed in capillary electrophoresis. Bradykinin percent recovery was 800%, and BSA peptide percent recovery was 87%. Enhancement factors in ESI-MS signals (after and before removal) for selected m/ z values of peptides from the BSA digest were 535-693.

Online Removal of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate via Weak Cation Exchange in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Based Proteomics.

Biological research often requires the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to solubilize protein samples; however, this detergent is not compatible with direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Here, we report an online high-throughput proteomics method that permits standard in-solution digestion of SDS-containing samples followed by direct liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis using weak cation-exchange chromatography (WCX). This approach, called the online removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate (Online reSDS), exploits the properties of WCX in a highly organic and mildly acidic medium to retain positively charged peptides by both hydrophilic interaction and electrostatic attraction while simultaneously repelling negative SDS molecules. This method was optimized to successfully analyze complex samples that contain up to 1% of SDS. Furthermore, online reSDS improves the identification of peptides with post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as deamidation and phosphorylation, without preliminary enrichment. In conclusion, we show that reSDS can facilitate research in proteomics by allowing the use of SDS in a wide range of LC-MS/MS applications with simplified sample-processing procedures.